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Effect Ringelmana invincible!
In 1927, a series of very interesting experiments, the result of which is not often remembered. And for good reason. The results of these experiments were in psychology called "effect Ringelmana»
. The experiments were as follows. They took ordinary people and asked them to lift weights. For everyone - fixed the maximum weight that he "pulled". Then people in the combined group, first - two, then - four, eight
.
The expectations were clear: if one person can lift - conditionally - 100 kg, the two must work together to raise or 200, or - even more. After all, the mythical idea of what teamwork can achieve more that the result exceeds the sum of the individual results of the group, already existed. And still exists and is actively maintained.
But - alas! Two people raised only 93% of the sum of their individual effects. And eight -. Has a 49%
We check the results on other tasks. For example - in the tug of war. And again - the same result. Increase the number of groups - the percentage only fell
. The reason - is clear. When I'm counting on itself, I made every effort. A group can also save power: no one there would not notice, as in the story of villagers who decide to holiday pour yourself a vodka barrel. With each yard - a bucket. When the spill was discovered that the barrel is full of pure water: each brought a bucket of water, hoping that in the total mass of vodka his cunning will not be seen
. What does the passive? And despite the fact that when I act, I perforce their efforts to remember and fix for itself. In the future, I put just as much or even less. Forming a passive attitude, which is involved in along with other self.
Accordingly - in the case of social passivity, we can say that we understand its origins and the fact that it leads in the end to fall to zero results. Not once - inertia is a great thing. But -. Yet
We must say at once: no social technologies is not possible to overcome the effect of Ringelmana. You can obchitatsya spells of "teamwork guru", but the larger the group, the more passivity tend to show a person.
. The experiments were as follows. They took ordinary people and asked them to lift weights. For everyone - fixed the maximum weight that he "pulled". Then people in the combined group, first - two, then - four, eight
.
The expectations were clear: if one person can lift - conditionally - 100 kg, the two must work together to raise or 200, or - even more. After all, the mythical idea of what teamwork can achieve more that the result exceeds the sum of the individual results of the group, already existed. And still exists and is actively maintained.
But - alas! Two people raised only 93% of the sum of their individual effects. And eight -. Has a 49%
We check the results on other tasks. For example - in the tug of war. And again - the same result. Increase the number of groups - the percentage only fell
. The reason - is clear. When I'm counting on itself, I made every effort. A group can also save power: no one there would not notice, as in the story of villagers who decide to holiday pour yourself a vodka barrel. With each yard - a bucket. When the spill was discovered that the barrel is full of pure water: each brought a bucket of water, hoping that in the total mass of vodka his cunning will not be seen
. What does the passive? And despite the fact that when I act, I perforce their efforts to remember and fix for itself. In the future, I put just as much or even less. Forming a passive attitude, which is involved in along with other self.
Accordingly - in the case of social passivity, we can say that we understand its origins and the fact that it leads in the end to fall to zero results. Not once - inertia is a great thing. But -. Yet
We must say at once: no social technologies is not possible to overcome the effect of Ringelmana. You can obchitatsya spells of "teamwork guru", but the larger the group, the more passivity tend to show a person.
