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The greatest Scam of our time - DuPont, freon and Teflon
We all probably know the company DuPont. Those comrades who invented freon and Teflon.
DuPont began with a gunpowder plant after family of Du Pont in the United States in 1802. The money he gave to the emigrants good friends of the family: the financier Jacques Necker, and the Marquis de Lafayette, after all, the elder brother of the founder of the company was Grand Treasurer of the Lodge of Delaware.
In 1902 the gunpowder giant began to produce paints and plastics. In 1903-m research units engaged in development of advanced chemical technologies. His work was allotted considerable funds and staff are permitted to engage not only applied but also fundamental scientific research. There were born cellophane, freon, Teflon, nylon, spandex, Kevlar and other useful materials.
By the mid-1930s, DuPont was producing a lot of things, including synthetic fibers and bleach the paper.
However, the promotion of these two products let hemp — made paper, clothes, shoes, ropes, strings, threads. Of area of crops amounted to millions of hectares.
In 1935, DuPont chemists invented nylon, which became a powerful competitor of hemp yarn.
Hemp has long irritated the company, though, because it made from paper, unlike paper made from wood, did not require bleaching. And, therefore, did not need reagents, which produced the chemical giant. And chemists, the company has launched against cannabis a broad offensive.
The allies were taken by media Mogul William Hearst, who owned a huge number of Newspapers and magazines, as well as many factories for the production of wood paper.
Now the Hearst Newspapers and later in all others, hemp became great only Mexican – marijuana. Mentioned about it not as about crop, but as the most harmful drug. The objectives, means, tactics and strategy of the fight against cannabis have been calculated exactly and in the second half of 1930-ies in the United States and many other countries its cultivation was strictly forbidden and even equated with criminal offence. Meanwhile, the sales of nylon, and paper bleaching agents has increased several times.
Sometimes a company deliberately went to the destruction of their own inventions, but this destruction has led to another growth. It happened with the freon.
Freon was established in 1931. The substance was non-toxic, non-flammable and non-corrosive, and in addition, simple and cheap to manufacture.
It was used in the manufacture of air conditioners and refrigeration units, aerosol products, to create a foam-forming compositions, in synthetic detergents, construction, engineering, aerospace and spacecraft.
Long enough freon produced only by DuPont, but in the end the right to release it received other. With the advent of competition, the market was saturated, demand fell, and with it fell and the incomes of DuPont. A solution could be to move to a new patented concern gases, which become cooler Suva for refrigerators and air conditioners and the propellant Dymel aerosol. However, they had disadvantages compared to freon — they were several times more expensive and worse. As a result, buying them is not especially wanted.
And here suddenly it turned out that the freon are extremely harmful for the environment.
Was published studies by American scientists that this gas is guilty in occurrence discovered in 1957 ozone hole. Consumer organizations began to call the townsfolk to boycott aerosol deodorants, "green" picketed the chemical plant, the state signed a Pact on reducing the use of renasterea substances. In 1985, signed the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer two years later the Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances. In 1990, the ratio of freon was introduced full trade embargo.
Now note that the initiator of the Montreal Protocol was DuPont. As a result of his actions firm
a) instantly bankrupted a huge number of small competitors involved in manufacturing of freon;
b) have established sales of more expensive and more profitable products;
C) forced the world to change refrigerators and air conditioners, freon recycling and buying "environmentally friendly".
By 2005 only in USA refrigerators "namenyali" more than $220 billion in Russia, in accordance with the Montreal agreement, does not produce freon since 1996, and buying substitutes from DuPont.
Meanwhile, it has long been proven completely innocent of freon in the appearance of the ozone hole. Because the hole is not raised at all and has always existed. But freon would destroy the ozone only in a test tube, because it is four times heavier than air, therefore, once in the atmosphere, it rises to a height of 30 km where the ozone and falls in the lowlands.
In addition, it is absolutely unclear why the hole is formed over Antarctica where there are no emissions of freon is not and can not be, by definition, on major cities, where tons of freon, no holes are not fixed.
A similar story occurred about the same time the asbestos — he was suddenly accused of causing irreversible harm to human health.
On the hazardous properties of asbestos became known in the beginning of the last century, when the working of one of the English quarries were discovered triggered by asbestos dust pneumonia similar to the disease called "asbestosis".
By a strange coincidence, this disease didn't care about the society until, until depleted European stocks of asbestos and its main supplier, the Soviet Union was gone. It was then that the public and sounded the bell.
Studies have shown that asbestos can cause not only asbestosis, but also cancer. The mineral is immediately included in the group of substances with proven carcinogenic properties.
In the media it's been a few drums of materials about the terrible impact of asbestos on the human body. Europe has engaged in the demolition of buildings in the building which used asbestos, and replacement of slate roofs, for it is in slate, the share of hazardous substances was particularly high. Had spent tens of billions of dollars. In the end, the European Commission banned all use of asbestos.
Oddly enough, but such a ban were opponents, such as the world health organization. Who was surprised that more than 300 substances that are included in the "hazardous" list, ban was chosen far not the most dangerous. Even to be ill with asbestosis, you need not just a long time to work with asbestos, but not less than 15 years of breathing fine asbestos dust and cancer was already evident as a complication of asbestosis. Yes, and asbestosis – the disease is extremely rare: over the past 30 years in Russia and Canada – the countries in which asbestos was used the most widely, – there was not a single case of the disease.
In the eye catches an interesting fact: "asbestos persecution" began after the employee DuPont invented a synthetic substitute for asbestos – Nomex. After the ban it became the main fire-prevention and fire-resistant material (sew from it, the fire suits, they cover all that needs to be protected from fire).
Now the company is moving away from its aging chemical business and moves on to the more promising biotech.
At the end of the last century she bought the world's largest plant Pioneer Hi-Bred International, and manufacturer of soy protein Protein Technologies International.
Teflon
Last year, the us Federal Agency for environmental protection said that soon will be banned Teflon. It turned out that a part of it acid PFOA "contributes to liver cancer, causes problems with the immune system and development of infants". It seems that DuPont he found a suitable replacement...
A small addition:
— "Dumanowski" Napalm and defoliants used by the U.S. army during the Vietnam war.
— Only con with freon DuPont has earned more than $ 20 billion.
— According to the ranking of the Toxic 100, formed by the Political Economy Research Institute (USA), August 2013, DuPont was on the 1st place among companies in the most polluting in the United States.
published
© Valery Chumakov
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! © Join us at Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: bbarbaris.io.ua/s74783/pro_to_kak_nas_grabyat_monopolii
DuPont began with a gunpowder plant after family of Du Pont in the United States in 1802. The money he gave to the emigrants good friends of the family: the financier Jacques Necker, and the Marquis de Lafayette, after all, the elder brother of the founder of the company was Grand Treasurer of the Lodge of Delaware.
In 1902 the gunpowder giant began to produce paints and plastics. In 1903-m research units engaged in development of advanced chemical technologies. His work was allotted considerable funds and staff are permitted to engage not only applied but also fundamental scientific research. There were born cellophane, freon, Teflon, nylon, spandex, Kevlar and other useful materials.
By the mid-1930s, DuPont was producing a lot of things, including synthetic fibers and bleach the paper.
However, the promotion of these two products let hemp — made paper, clothes, shoes, ropes, strings, threads. Of area of crops amounted to millions of hectares.
In 1935, DuPont chemists invented nylon, which became a powerful competitor of hemp yarn.
Hemp has long irritated the company, though, because it made from paper, unlike paper made from wood, did not require bleaching. And, therefore, did not need reagents, which produced the chemical giant. And chemists, the company has launched against cannabis a broad offensive.
The allies were taken by media Mogul William Hearst, who owned a huge number of Newspapers and magazines, as well as many factories for the production of wood paper.
Now the Hearst Newspapers and later in all others, hemp became great only Mexican – marijuana. Mentioned about it not as about crop, but as the most harmful drug. The objectives, means, tactics and strategy of the fight against cannabis have been calculated exactly and in the second half of 1930-ies in the United States and many other countries its cultivation was strictly forbidden and even equated with criminal offence. Meanwhile, the sales of nylon, and paper bleaching agents has increased several times.
Sometimes a company deliberately went to the destruction of their own inventions, but this destruction has led to another growth. It happened with the freon.
Freon was established in 1931. The substance was non-toxic, non-flammable and non-corrosive, and in addition, simple and cheap to manufacture.
It was used in the manufacture of air conditioners and refrigeration units, aerosol products, to create a foam-forming compositions, in synthetic detergents, construction, engineering, aerospace and spacecraft.
Long enough freon produced only by DuPont, but in the end the right to release it received other. With the advent of competition, the market was saturated, demand fell, and with it fell and the incomes of DuPont. A solution could be to move to a new patented concern gases, which become cooler Suva for refrigerators and air conditioners and the propellant Dymel aerosol. However, they had disadvantages compared to freon — they were several times more expensive and worse. As a result, buying them is not especially wanted.
And here suddenly it turned out that the freon are extremely harmful for the environment.
Was published studies by American scientists that this gas is guilty in occurrence discovered in 1957 ozone hole. Consumer organizations began to call the townsfolk to boycott aerosol deodorants, "green" picketed the chemical plant, the state signed a Pact on reducing the use of renasterea substances. In 1985, signed the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer two years later the Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances. In 1990, the ratio of freon was introduced full trade embargo.
Now note that the initiator of the Montreal Protocol was DuPont. As a result of his actions firm
a) instantly bankrupted a huge number of small competitors involved in manufacturing of freon;
b) have established sales of more expensive and more profitable products;
C) forced the world to change refrigerators and air conditioners, freon recycling and buying "environmentally friendly".
By 2005 only in USA refrigerators "namenyali" more than $220 billion in Russia, in accordance with the Montreal agreement, does not produce freon since 1996, and buying substitutes from DuPont.
Meanwhile, it has long been proven completely innocent of freon in the appearance of the ozone hole. Because the hole is not raised at all and has always existed. But freon would destroy the ozone only in a test tube, because it is four times heavier than air, therefore, once in the atmosphere, it rises to a height of 30 km where the ozone and falls in the lowlands.
In addition, it is absolutely unclear why the hole is formed over Antarctica where there are no emissions of freon is not and can not be, by definition, on major cities, where tons of freon, no holes are not fixed.
A similar story occurred about the same time the asbestos — he was suddenly accused of causing irreversible harm to human health.
On the hazardous properties of asbestos became known in the beginning of the last century, when the working of one of the English quarries were discovered triggered by asbestos dust pneumonia similar to the disease called "asbestosis".
By a strange coincidence, this disease didn't care about the society until, until depleted European stocks of asbestos and its main supplier, the Soviet Union was gone. It was then that the public and sounded the bell.
Studies have shown that asbestos can cause not only asbestosis, but also cancer. The mineral is immediately included in the group of substances with proven carcinogenic properties.
In the media it's been a few drums of materials about the terrible impact of asbestos on the human body. Europe has engaged in the demolition of buildings in the building which used asbestos, and replacement of slate roofs, for it is in slate, the share of hazardous substances was particularly high. Had spent tens of billions of dollars. In the end, the European Commission banned all use of asbestos.
Oddly enough, but such a ban were opponents, such as the world health organization. Who was surprised that more than 300 substances that are included in the "hazardous" list, ban was chosen far not the most dangerous. Even to be ill with asbestosis, you need not just a long time to work with asbestos, but not less than 15 years of breathing fine asbestos dust and cancer was already evident as a complication of asbestosis. Yes, and asbestosis – the disease is extremely rare: over the past 30 years in Russia and Canada – the countries in which asbestos was used the most widely, – there was not a single case of the disease.
In the eye catches an interesting fact: "asbestos persecution" began after the employee DuPont invented a synthetic substitute for asbestos – Nomex. After the ban it became the main fire-prevention and fire-resistant material (sew from it, the fire suits, they cover all that needs to be protected from fire).
Now the company is moving away from its aging chemical business and moves on to the more promising biotech.
At the end of the last century she bought the world's largest plant Pioneer Hi-Bred International, and manufacturer of soy protein Protein Technologies International.
Teflon
Last year, the us Federal Agency for environmental protection said that soon will be banned Teflon. It turned out that a part of it acid PFOA "contributes to liver cancer, causes problems with the immune system and development of infants". It seems that DuPont he found a suitable replacement...
A small addition:
— "Dumanowski" Napalm and defoliants used by the U.S. army during the Vietnam war.
— Only con with freon DuPont has earned more than $ 20 billion.
— According to the ranking of the Toxic 100, formed by the Political Economy Research Institute (USA), August 2013, DuPont was on the 1st place among companies in the most polluting in the United States.
published
© Valery Chumakov
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! © Join us at Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: bbarbaris.io.ua/s74783/pro_to_kak_nas_grabyat_monopolii
