The official name of this order is "a Secret knights of Christ and of the temple of Solomon". French temple — temple (temple), members of this knightly order called the knights Templar. The order was established in Palestine in 1018-1119. The main task of the members of the order was to protect pilgrims from attack, as well as roads that led from the piers to the Christian shrines. In 1128 the order was officially recognized by the Catholic Church. Anyone who wanted to join it had to give three vows: obedience, chastity and poverty. Also, the knight was forced to give the order of his fortune.
That's why the knights Templar very quickly became one of the richest orders of knighthood in Europe. On the accumulated funds, the Templars acquired large tracts of land in different European countries: England, France, Spain, Flanders, Scotland and Portugal. By the XII century this officer order owned not only lands, but also major seaports and a strong fleet. At the same time, the knights became major bankers who lend money to European monks.
All this provoked the envy and wrath of rulers from different countries, who wanted to become owners of the treasures of the Templars. But large donations that were transferred to the Catholic Church, at first defended them from such attacks. Only in the XIII century, when the leadership of the order did not want to take part in the crusade against heretics — the Albigensian and Cathars, among whom were many of the Templars against them and persecution. Soon one of the most influential ecclesiastical orders of knighthood ceased to exist, and many of its members were brutally tortured in the dungeons of the Inquisition, and burned at the stake. Happened this terrible event in 1307.
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