PSYCHOLOGY suggestion.

At all stages of human life there is an attempt of one person or group of persons to influence others. Examples are all kinds of religious, political, economic, military, and other organizations that are trying to manipulate the human psyche. Suggestion is the way the impact of one person to another in order to create his particular condition or motivation for certain actions; thus it is necessary to distinguish it from the concept of conviction. Persuasion is characterized by logical arguments and reasoning, the presence of the true facts, it needs clarity of consciousness. The suggestion also penetrates the consciousness of the person freely, without being subject to criticism and discussion.

The effect of suggestion is often as a result of the media (advertising, promotion), but its effectiveness depends on the authority of the entity, has an impact, whether it's TV and Radio, an Internet resource, typographical publication, or another example - the therapist, using a suggestion in his psychological practice. In this regard, it is worth noting that the larger the crowd, prone to suggestion, the harder one individual to resist the flow of false facts that live in it.


PhD and associate of Carl Jung - Marie-Louise von Franz (1915-1998), who after the death of his teacher, the main spokesman of his ideas in the book "Man and His Symbols" (1961), written jointly with Jung and other followers of his, writes "Attempts to influence public opinion through newspapers, radio, television and advertising are based on two factors. On the one hand, they rely on mechanisms of selection, identify trends prevailing opinions or desires, that is, the collective sentiment. On the other hand, they reflect the prejudices and subconscious projection systems (mainly complex forces) who manipulates public opinion ».

Suggestion can be divided into two types - a suggestion: a) in the waking state, b) in hypnosis. The suggestion in the waking state, depending on the "tool" of suggestion, can be divided into real and verbal. Under real understanding suggestion, produced by the action of a non-speech or other means, respectively, suggestion, produced a speech, called verbal. According to a different approach to the classification, suggestion in the waking state can be divided into direct and indirect. Direct suggestion is the impact on the person direct speech, bearing a certain value, or verbal orders. For indirect (or indirect, hidden) to the inspired suggestion affect not directly, but through the use of a particular situation, procedures, subject, etc. An example of this kind of suggestion can be a situation where a person is given a tablet of a neutral substance (chalk, flour, etc.) and report that this medication. The effect is guaranteed in most cases. In addition, it is important to distinguish between: suggestion - the impact of one person to another and autosuggestion - self-hypnosis, which according to research can be voluntary and involuntary.

The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) in his psychological practice used hypnosis, but later refused to direct hypnotic suggestion, as I saw it as an encroachment on freedom of human rights and an obstacle to the knowledge of the nature of disease symptoms. The indirect and unintentional suggestion he called "confidence expectation" and believed that "there is a factor that depends on the mental state of the patient." In his work "The Mass Psychology and the Analysis of 'I' '(1921), he noted that the suggestion - is the original and unavoidable fact of human mental life.

Suggestibility - is an individual uncritical compliance influences the people around them. Depending on the degree of suggestibility, isolated suggestible, and molovnushaemyh nevnushaemyh people. Inspires people easily give instructions and advice of other people, even if these tips are contrary to their own interests and beliefs. This type of people easily take over the mood and habits of others, until the emergence of their propensity to imitate. Increased suggestibility characteristic of preschool and primary school age, and for people with a weak type of higher nervous activity (melancholic temperament) and accented personalities: anxiety, emotive. There is the fact that quite ordinary people in fatigue, trauma and post-traumatic stress, as well as after the disease, especially those related to the nervous system, there is increased suggestible. Terms of uncertainty (revolutionary periods, war, natural disasters) also contribute to suggestibility. Of great importance is the belief in a certain idea - having faith in something, people do not resist outside influence.

Thus, the degree of suggestibility varies depending on a number of factors, possessing a person be subject to suggestion and has a situational variable character.