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The hero, but not a pioneer.
The hero, but not a pioneer. Real and mythical stories Leni Golikova.
Pioneer-hero is not a pioneer, died because of the treachery of which prefer not to remember.
Not pioneer age.
Among children and adolescents who have distinguished themselves during the Great Patriotic War and subsequently included in the list of "pioneer heroes" were four awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union - Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei, Zina Portnov and Lenya Golikov.
During perestroika, when the heroes of the Soviet era were subjected to mass "expose" this quartet got too full. Among the many claims and sounded like this - in fact, "pioneers" were older than the age attributed.
Continued under the cut ...
Our Dear readers, who are already acquainted with the materials about Marat Kazee, Vale seals and Zina Portnova could ensure that the charges of forgery unfair - Marat and Val were really pioneers, and Zina, being a pioneer, started out as an underground fighter.
With Lenya Golikov story is different - it certainly was a pioneer, of course, was a hero, but the list of pioneering heroes came through the efforts of people who are obviously "like the best».
Lenya Golikov was born in a working class family who lived in the Novgorod region, in the village of Luchino, June 17, 1926. Like most young heroes, his pre-war biography nothing special remarkable - he graduated seven years of schooling, has worked at the plywood mill.
An important point - according to the position of the Pioneer organization, its members at that time could be between the ages of 9 to 14 years. June 17, 1941 Lena Golikov was 15, that is, from the pioneer age, he finally came out a few days before the war.
About how he again "pioneered" talk later, but for now about how Lenya became a partisan.
In guerrillas on the recommendation
Near the village of Luchino was under Nazi occupation, but was recaptured in March 1942. It was during this period in the liberated territory of the Leningrad decision headquarters of partisan movement among the soldiers previously existing guerrilla groups and young volunteers formed a guerrilla brigade, which was supposed to go behind enemy lines to continue the fight against the Nazis.
Among boys and girls who survived the occupation and wanted to fight the enemy, and was Lenya Golikov, which initially did not accept.
Lena at the time was 15, and commanders were selected fighters felt that he was too young. Took him by the recommendation of a school teacher, has also joined the partisans, and assures us that "the disciple will not fail».
Student and really did not disappoint - as part of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade participated in 27 combat operations, chalked up several dozen Nazis destroyed 10 vehicles destroyed ammunition, more than a dozen blown up bridges, etc.
My first award, the Medal "For Courage", Lena Golikov was already in July 1942. Everyone who knew Lenya when he was a partisan, noted his courage and bravery.
One day, returning from a reconnaissance, Leon came to the outskirts of the village, where he found five Germans looted the apiary. The Nazis were so passionate and extraction of honey from the bees otmahivaniem that the weapon aside. Took advantage of this intelligence, killing three Germans. The remaining two fled.
One of the most striking operations Leni occurred August 13, 1942, when on the highway "Luga - Pskov" guerrillas attacked the car in which there was a German major general engineering troops Richard von Wirtz.
The Nazis had a fierce resistance, but Leon, reached the car, along with his partner grabbed a suitcase with valuable documents.
I must say that in the classic tale of Lena Golikova often claimed that the attack on the general's car, he made almost alone. That's not it. But the fact that the main merit in the production of the documents belonged to him - no doubt.
Documents transported to the Soviet command and Lenya presented itself to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. However, the documents apparently were not so significant - in November 1942, Lenya for this feat was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Heroes and traitors
Alas, guerrilla biography, like life Leni, turned short. In December 1942, the Nazis began a large-scale counter-insurgency operation in pursuit of detachment, which fought Lenya Golikov. Break away from the enemy did not work.
January 24, 1943, a group of guerrillas in a little more than 20 people came to the village Acute Luke. Germans in the place was not, and exhausted people stopped to rest in the three houses. Some time later, a village surrounded punitive detachment of 150 people, made up of local traitors and Lithuanian nationalists. The guerrillas, who were caught, however, entered the fray.
Could break out only a few people, and later reported in the headquarters of the death squad. Lenya Golikov, like most of his comrades, killed in action in the acute Luka.
NKVD and the Soviet counterintelligence during the war were thorough investigation to determine the cause of death of those or other partisan units. So it was in this case.
Thanks to the testimony of the villagers received after the liberation from occupation, as well as the testimony of the surviving guerrillas, it was found that Lenya Golikov and his comrades fell victim to betrayal.
Someone Stepanov, a resident of one of the houses where you left off the guerrillas, snitched on them Pykhov headman, who informed about the guerrillas punitive detachment which was in the village Krutets.
Pykhov for services received from the Nazis generous reward. However, during the retreat of the hosts with an accomplice did not take. In early 1944, he was arrested by the Soviet counterintelligence, was condemned as a traitor and executed in April 1944.
The second traitor, Stepanov, who, incidentally, was only a year older than Leni Golikova, has shown great resourcefulness - in early 1944, when it became clear that the war was drawing to a defeat of the Nazis, went to the guerrillas, where got into the regular Soviet Army. In this capacity, he even managed to earn rewards and return home a hero, but in the autumn of 1948 retribution caught Stepanova - he was arrested for treason and sentenced to 25 years imprisonment with deprivation of state awards.
As a "younger" coeval hero "Young Guard»
Partisans, survivors of the last battle squad, do not forget about his comrades, including about Lena.
In March 1944, the Chief of Staff of the Leningrad guerrilla movement, a member of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front Nikitin signed a new characterization of the presentation Leni Golikova the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on April 2, 1944 for exemplary performance of assigned tasks and for displaying courage and heroism in the battles against the Nazi invaders Golikov Leonid awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).
So, no doubt the heroism of Leonidas Golikova and there can not be, his reward is quite fair and deserved.
But how Leonid Golikov, which, incidentally, only nine days under the legendary hero of the Komsomol "Young Guard" Oleg Mishka, became a "pioneer-hero Lenya Golikov».
Oddly enough, the first material of the exploits of Leonid Golikova said about him as a Komsomolets.
Everything changed book writer Yuri Korol'kova "Partizan Lenya Golikov," published in the early 1950s. Writer, the last war as a war correspondent, describing the exploits of real Leonid Golikova, lowered its age just a couple of years. And of the 16-year-old heroic Komsomolets turned 14-year-old heroic pioneer.
For what it's been done, it is known to the author, who passed away in 1981. Perhaps the writer decided that feat so will look more bright.
Sister brother instead
Perhaps in the Union Pioneer Organization, which then just beginning to create a collective image of "pioneer heroes", and decided that thousands of pioneers in the war awarded orders and medals, insufficient and requires at least one Hero of the Soviet Union. Recall Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnov were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, much later, in the late 1950s, and only Lenya Golikov became a Hero in 1944.
Thus all who knew this Leonid Golikov, were well aware of the true state of affairs, but I believe that fundamentally this "inaccuracy" does not change anything.
I must say that for the sake of completeness, even changed the appearance of the hero. On a single photo as a partisan Leonid Golikov appears as a strong and dashing young man, while the illustrations that appeared in all the pioneering books about Lena Golikov, he absolutely baby face.
Where did this image? As it turned out, baby pictures Leonid his mother did not survive, so when he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, reporters dressed in "partisan" ... his little sister, Lida. It is the image of Lida Golikova became "Lenya Golikov" for millions of Soviet pioneers.
It is unlikely that those who created the canonical story of Leni Golikova, chased some selfish purpose. They just wanted the best, believed that in such a feat Leonid Golikova will look brighter. And they had not occurred, that at the turn of the 1980-1990 all these "little things" turn against the hero.
So, voluntarily taken the path of armed struggle against fascism in 15 years and died in 16, Leonid Golikov on formal grounds can not be considered a "pioneer-hero».
Does this detract in any degree of his feat? Of course not.
We just need to learn to accept their characters so they are not trying to improve them. After all, a feat young Komsomol Leonid Golikova no worse feat pioneer Leni Golikova.
www.aif.ru/society/history/1130398
Source:
Pioneer-hero is not a pioneer, died because of the treachery of which prefer not to remember.
Not pioneer age.
Among children and adolescents who have distinguished themselves during the Great Patriotic War and subsequently included in the list of "pioneer heroes" were four awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union - Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei, Zina Portnov and Lenya Golikov.
During perestroika, when the heroes of the Soviet era were subjected to mass "expose" this quartet got too full. Among the many claims and sounded like this - in fact, "pioneers" were older than the age attributed.
Continued under the cut ...
Our Dear readers, who are already acquainted with the materials about Marat Kazee, Vale seals and Zina Portnova could ensure that the charges of forgery unfair - Marat and Val were really pioneers, and Zina, being a pioneer, started out as an underground fighter.
With Lenya Golikov story is different - it certainly was a pioneer, of course, was a hero, but the list of pioneering heroes came through the efforts of people who are obviously "like the best».
Lenya Golikov was born in a working class family who lived in the Novgorod region, in the village of Luchino, June 17, 1926. Like most young heroes, his pre-war biography nothing special remarkable - he graduated seven years of schooling, has worked at the plywood mill.
An important point - according to the position of the Pioneer organization, its members at that time could be between the ages of 9 to 14 years. June 17, 1941 Lena Golikov was 15, that is, from the pioneer age, he finally came out a few days before the war.
About how he again "pioneered" talk later, but for now about how Lenya became a partisan.
In guerrillas on the recommendation
Near the village of Luchino was under Nazi occupation, but was recaptured in March 1942. It was during this period in the liberated territory of the Leningrad decision headquarters of partisan movement among the soldiers previously existing guerrilla groups and young volunteers formed a guerrilla brigade, which was supposed to go behind enemy lines to continue the fight against the Nazis.
Among boys and girls who survived the occupation and wanted to fight the enemy, and was Lenya Golikov, which initially did not accept.
Lena at the time was 15, and commanders were selected fighters felt that he was too young. Took him by the recommendation of a school teacher, has also joined the partisans, and assures us that "the disciple will not fail».
Student and really did not disappoint - as part of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade participated in 27 combat operations, chalked up several dozen Nazis destroyed 10 vehicles destroyed ammunition, more than a dozen blown up bridges, etc.
My first award, the Medal "For Courage", Lena Golikov was already in July 1942. Everyone who knew Lenya when he was a partisan, noted his courage and bravery.
One day, returning from a reconnaissance, Leon came to the outskirts of the village, where he found five Germans looted the apiary. The Nazis were so passionate and extraction of honey from the bees otmahivaniem that the weapon aside. Took advantage of this intelligence, killing three Germans. The remaining two fled.
One of the most striking operations Leni occurred August 13, 1942, when on the highway "Luga - Pskov" guerrillas attacked the car in which there was a German major general engineering troops Richard von Wirtz.
The Nazis had a fierce resistance, but Leon, reached the car, along with his partner grabbed a suitcase with valuable documents.
I must say that in the classic tale of Lena Golikova often claimed that the attack on the general's car, he made almost alone. That's not it. But the fact that the main merit in the production of the documents belonged to him - no doubt.
Documents transported to the Soviet command and Lenya presented itself to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. However, the documents apparently were not so significant - in November 1942, Lenya for this feat was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Heroes and traitors
Alas, guerrilla biography, like life Leni, turned short. In December 1942, the Nazis began a large-scale counter-insurgency operation in pursuit of detachment, which fought Lenya Golikov. Break away from the enemy did not work.
January 24, 1943, a group of guerrillas in a little more than 20 people came to the village Acute Luke. Germans in the place was not, and exhausted people stopped to rest in the three houses. Some time later, a village surrounded punitive detachment of 150 people, made up of local traitors and Lithuanian nationalists. The guerrillas, who were caught, however, entered the fray.
Could break out only a few people, and later reported in the headquarters of the death squad. Lenya Golikov, like most of his comrades, killed in action in the acute Luka.
NKVD and the Soviet counterintelligence during the war were thorough investigation to determine the cause of death of those or other partisan units. So it was in this case.
Thanks to the testimony of the villagers received after the liberation from occupation, as well as the testimony of the surviving guerrillas, it was found that Lenya Golikov and his comrades fell victim to betrayal.
Someone Stepanov, a resident of one of the houses where you left off the guerrillas, snitched on them Pykhov headman, who informed about the guerrillas punitive detachment which was in the village Krutets.
Pykhov for services received from the Nazis generous reward. However, during the retreat of the hosts with an accomplice did not take. In early 1944, he was arrested by the Soviet counterintelligence, was condemned as a traitor and executed in April 1944.
The second traitor, Stepanov, who, incidentally, was only a year older than Leni Golikova, has shown great resourcefulness - in early 1944, when it became clear that the war was drawing to a defeat of the Nazis, went to the guerrillas, where got into the regular Soviet Army. In this capacity, he even managed to earn rewards and return home a hero, but in the autumn of 1948 retribution caught Stepanova - he was arrested for treason and sentenced to 25 years imprisonment with deprivation of state awards.
As a "younger" coeval hero "Young Guard»
Partisans, survivors of the last battle squad, do not forget about his comrades, including about Lena.
In March 1944, the Chief of Staff of the Leningrad guerrilla movement, a member of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front Nikitin signed a new characterization of the presentation Leni Golikova the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on April 2, 1944 for exemplary performance of assigned tasks and for displaying courage and heroism in the battles against the Nazi invaders Golikov Leonid awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).
So, no doubt the heroism of Leonidas Golikova and there can not be, his reward is quite fair and deserved.
But how Leonid Golikov, which, incidentally, only nine days under the legendary hero of the Komsomol "Young Guard" Oleg Mishka, became a "pioneer-hero Lenya Golikov».
Oddly enough, the first material of the exploits of Leonid Golikova said about him as a Komsomolets.
Everything changed book writer Yuri Korol'kova "Partizan Lenya Golikov," published in the early 1950s. Writer, the last war as a war correspondent, describing the exploits of real Leonid Golikova, lowered its age just a couple of years. And of the 16-year-old heroic Komsomolets turned 14-year-old heroic pioneer.
For what it's been done, it is known to the author, who passed away in 1981. Perhaps the writer decided that feat so will look more bright.
Sister brother instead
Perhaps in the Union Pioneer Organization, which then just beginning to create a collective image of "pioneer heroes", and decided that thousands of pioneers in the war awarded orders and medals, insufficient and requires at least one Hero of the Soviet Union. Recall Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnov were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, much later, in the late 1950s, and only Lenya Golikov became a Hero in 1944.
Thus all who knew this Leonid Golikov, were well aware of the true state of affairs, but I believe that fundamentally this "inaccuracy" does not change anything.
I must say that for the sake of completeness, even changed the appearance of the hero. On a single photo as a partisan Leonid Golikov appears as a strong and dashing young man, while the illustrations that appeared in all the pioneering books about Lena Golikov, he absolutely baby face.
Where did this image? As it turned out, baby pictures Leonid his mother did not survive, so when he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, reporters dressed in "partisan" ... his little sister, Lida. It is the image of Lida Golikova became "Lenya Golikov" for millions of Soviet pioneers.
It is unlikely that those who created the canonical story of Leni Golikova, chased some selfish purpose. They just wanted the best, believed that in such a feat Leonid Golikova will look brighter. And they had not occurred, that at the turn of the 1980-1990 all these "little things" turn against the hero.
So, voluntarily taken the path of armed struggle against fascism in 15 years and died in 16, Leonid Golikov on formal grounds can not be considered a "pioneer-hero».
Does this detract in any degree of his feat? Of course not.
We just need to learn to accept their characters so they are not trying to improve them. After all, a feat young Komsomol Leonid Golikova no worse feat pioneer Leni Golikova.
www.aif.ru/society/history/1130398
Source: