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Trolleybus applying space technology
By popular demand dear readers continues to publish a series of articles on public transport.
Today I will tell you about the machines that are closer than the others approached the space industry.
Trolleybuses YuMZ. The brainchild of the collapse of the USSR, the failure KZET and future president of Ukraine.
Will be more than 20 ph as finish - please
After the collapse of the USSR trolleybus economy of Ukraine found itself in a difficult situation. This has particularly affected fleet of articulated trucks - because plants ZiU, Skoda, DAC were abroad, and economic ties have been broken. In addition, some cities (such as Kiev, Kharkov) faced with the fact that the operation of the classic single-engine articulated trucks ZiU-683 and DAC-217E on routes with a strong bias was difficult and expensive for the purchase of Czech Skoda 15tr means simply did not have.
That is why in 1991, experts Kiev factory electric, it was decided to resume the production of passenger trolley (previously for twenty years, the company engaged in manufacturing special purpose trolley CTG). The first trolleybus Independent Ukraine steel trolley Kiev-11 - a huge articulated machine equipped with two traction motors and specially designed for use in heavy traffic conditions (maximum loading of passengers, the protracted ascents / descents, poor road surface, severe weather conditions).
The first trolley Kiev-11 left the assembly line in late 1991. Total for the year 1991-1992 in Kiev has been collected only six cars. These trolleys arrived in the White Church and Kiev, on three cars. In addition, the assembly of kits and engaged in Belarus, at a factory CTW. There in 1992-1996 were collected five trolleybuses - three cars arrived in Minsk and two in Mogilev.
Unfortunately, these machines could not boast of excellent quality. Trolleybuses were frankly raw, because Kiev decided to abandon his creation - in December 1994 machine with serial number 1 was put on the spare parts, and the remaining two - handed in Kirovograd, which were scrapped in 2000. Not much different from the fate of trolleybuses Bila Church - where the exploitation of machines has been discontinued in 2007-2008.
A similar fate awaited the Belarusian machine. Work trolley routes were discontinued in 2003-2006. Three cars were written off, but the other two cars managed to survive. Thus, Minsk trolley bearing the number 5195 is conserved for the museum, and Mogilev 270 was shortened, converted into a technical assistance and to this day is the last representative of the trolley models Kiev-11.
In 1992-1995 on KZETe produced and shortened analogues Kiev-11. These trolleys were index Kiev-11y. They worked in Kiev, Kremenchug, Chernigov, White Church, Kirovograd, Nikolaev, Lysychansk and Khmelnitsky. Age of these machines, too, was short-lived - in the period from 1998 to 2008 have been written off all the machines, but three. So, kremenchuzhsky 186 (zav.34, 1993 issue) in 2006 passed the CD with the replacement of the body - in fact it is the same Kiev-11y, but ... in the back of ZiU-682G-016!
No less interesting and the fate of Chernigov machines. These machines have been converted into mobile canteens linear teams. Unfortunately, one of them was charged in September 2010, for the remainder of the board 448 in 1994 can be called the last of the world Kiev-11y.
As shown, KZET failed in its task. Because in 1992 the regime Dnepropetrovsk enterprise "UMZ" was instructed to finalize and put into operation the machine Kiev-11.
In Dnepropetrovsk trolley acquired significant changes. Thus, the traction motors DC-213B (115kW) have been replaced by the Kharkov ED-138 (130kW). Poltava was installed compressor that does not require lubrication, and also widely used in rocketry compact cable connectors. Motor-generator was replaced by a static voltage converter. Interestingly, in this period, the Director of the enterprise is the future president of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma. So people new cars were nicknamed "Kuchmovozy."
In January 1992, with factory gate came the first machine YuMZ-T1. These machines are immediately won the respect in mind the extraordinary ruggedness, enormous power and capacity. It should be noted that they are quite different in appearance from the production models - so, in the sides of the windows have been provided for Destination sign (as in Romanian DACov) and head-over - ventilation grille.
Until the end of 1992 was released more than twenty cars that came to all corners of Ukraine.
A significant advantage of these machines is that the electrical equipment issued to the roof. This greatly facilitates access to sites and aggregates, as well as operation. The roof-handed starting rheostats and brake servo. This model, like many others, has both its advantages and its disadvantages: a large number of consumption of electricity, heating and others. Shop these machines can accommodate up to 200 people.
Trolleybuses series YuMZ T1 performed on a block-modular principle with the use of modern technology and maximum use of standardized parts, components and assemblies. The presence of two electric motors and drive axles allows trouble-free run in heavy traffic and climatic conditions, without sacrificing speed climbing inclines of up to 12%.
It should be noted that these factors cause a certain delight drivers with respect to the trolley - work on YuMZ-T1 among trolleybusnikov considered quite an honor. Interestingly, among the drivers of the trolley, associate themselves with the tank drivers, there are also girls.
Since 1993, the assembly of trolleybuses YuMZ-T1 was arranged and a subsidiary in Pavlograd. At the same time held its first restyling trolley. Was significantly increased glass area, added frontal Destination sign, change the layout of the cabin, and the interior light. After that, the car became even more attractive to potential buyers.
Shop UMZ-T1 sample 1993-1995g.v.
Separately want to mention trolleybuses 1996-1998g.v., The last batch of these machines. They had provided "traffic light brake", driver seat hovercraft. Grab bars in steel with black interior and decoration of the ceiling and walls - dark wood
Salon sample 1996-1998 onwards - Pictured
We should also mention an interesting approach to color machines - so, in Kharkov of 47 cars 1992-1996g.v. there are about twenty different variants of the factory color.
That's like one of the options
More
The main (and perhaps only) minus the model can be called outdated appearance, cool interior in the winter season and a great power. It was the latter played a decisive role in the fate YuMZ-T1 - in 1996, production of machines in Dnepropetrovsk was discontinued. Pavlograd continued small-scale machines manufactured before 1998, the last car entered the White Church. Total for 1992-1998 years was released about five hundred trolley UMZ-T1.
It is noteworthy that in addition to the domestic market and trolleybuses were delivered abroad - in Orenburg (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), Chisinau (Moldova)
(Pictured - Orenburg)
And even in Tallinn worked alone YuMZ-T1
As of 2011 the majority of farms continues to operate trolleybuses YuMZ-T1; however, in some cities during overhauls machines are shortened to the size YuMZ-T2, after which they are assigned index YuMZ-T1R.
In 1993, UMZ has been launched as the release of a single model - YuMZ-T2. The machine is fully unified with YuMZ-T1 on all nodes, and is still in demand. It should be noted that the cost of trolley UMZ-T2 exceeds the value of Russian counterparts, but despite this the machine firmly taken its niche in the roar of public transport. During serial production more than five hundred cars that came in almost all cities of Ukraine, as well as in Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Chişinău and even Ashgabat. Mass production continued, 1993-2007, and small-scale production is still going on - so the summer of 2011 new YuMZ-T2 arrived in Mariupol.
Small-scale version is available YuMZ-T2.09 designed to work on suburban routes. These trolleys mean the door is locked, the cabin there are luggage racks and used Four-layout of the cabin. Thus, the number of seats increased to 39. In addition, the machine is equipped with an independent electrodynamic brake is activated even in the absence of voltage in the contact network or when coming from a network of collectors, as well as illuminated contact network in the dark and the radio in the cab. By the way, radio Pioneer is fitted as standard to all trolleys YuMZ-T2 since the beginning of the 2000s onwards
Trolleybuses YuMZ-T2.09 operated on the highway Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta, as well as in Kerch, where trolleybus network was opened seven years ago, in 2004. Another such machine works in Severodonetsk.
Separately want to mention and experimental development YuMZ. This YuMZ-T2M and YuMZ-T3K - YuMZ-T2 and T1, respectively YuMZ-equipped Tisa. YuMZ-T2M works in Kiev, but in one of proetssse overhauls management system was replaced by a standard RKSU. YuMZ-T3K was factory converted into RKSU and enrolled in Donetsk, where was decommissioned in 2009.
By the way, there is a version that the index YuMZ-T3K was to receive and have not held low-floor trolley version YuMZ-T1.
I'll tell you a little more about the fate of the machines YuMZ caught in Russia.
The first on the territory of Russia were trolley UMZ-T1. Orenburg was the only city in Russia, where these machines are operated. 27 trolleybuses came to the city in 1993-1994, they were acquired by barter for gas Orenburggazprom. Interestingly, due to its non-standard dimensions they were not placed in the depot №1. Because first they slept on spetsploschadke Depot №1 (on pr.Avtomatiki, 13). After its closure trolley several times wandering from the depot №2 №1 in Depot and back. In 2005, when disbanding Depot №2, trolley UMZ-T1 was simply written off - for depot at Rybakovsky, old and small, it was not designed for maintenance articulated trolleybuses. One machine (333) burned on the line in 2000.
In 1998, the Ukrainian trolley again crossed the border. This time the 17 machines purchased Moscow enterprise "Mosgortrans". Trolleybuses 1998-2001, the release came in the first park (three cars) and FATP (remaining fourteen), where they received numbers * 9 ** series. In general, in the opinion of drivers, it is quite reliable machine. In the early 2000s they were converted under ASKP, with the majority of machines has been changed partition cockpit - the driver lost separate exit to the street, and all the front door was assigned to passengers. The first write-off began in 2009, and from April 2011 of the cars began to pass the CD with the replacement and upgrading of the body to ZiU-682GM1. As of summer 2013 on all routes trolley UMZ-T2 upgraded to GM1
In 2000, two YuMZ-T2 purchased Rostov-on-Don. This machine 2000 release manager. Rooms 220 and 223, onboard - 285 and 286 respectively.
Overall trolley UMZ-T is one of the most reliable, unpretentious, roomy cars. This is what they have won the love and respect as staff and ordinary passengers. Unfortunately, with the advent of new low-floor trolleybuses their era gradually completed.
But not always, the plant was producing only YuMZ T. In 2003, the plant began production of low-floor trolley YuMZ E186
Quite an unusual four-car is the brainchild of the Research Institute Ukravtobusprom. Establish serial production plant trolley and failed - released in three years a total of 11 trolleybuses
Trolleybus though quite modern in equipment, but in view of small-scale and crude construction of 11 trolleybuses currently works regularly only 5 - two in Kiev, one in Poltava, Krivoy Rog and Dnepropetrovsk.
In addition, in 2010, considered the possibility of assembling trolleybuses "Megapolis" at the UMZ. Was assembled one machine, which is being tested in several cities of Ukraine, including on line "Simferopol - Yalta»
The testing results was made highly anticipated decision to reject such a production, for "Megalopolis" with its uncomfortable interior design and a bunch of blunders just not able to compete with the Ukrainian lazami and Bogdanov.
Because the trolley was taken to Russia, where under the guise of ordinary Megapolis sold in Podolsk.
A YuMZ announced the discontinuation of the trolley and the dismantling of the production equipment. The era trolley YuMZ nearing its logical conclusion ...
All
Source:
Today I will tell you about the machines that are closer than the others approached the space industry.
Trolleybuses YuMZ. The brainchild of the collapse of the USSR, the failure KZET and future president of Ukraine.
Will be more than 20 ph as finish - please
After the collapse of the USSR trolleybus economy of Ukraine found itself in a difficult situation. This has particularly affected fleet of articulated trucks - because plants ZiU, Skoda, DAC were abroad, and economic ties have been broken. In addition, some cities (such as Kiev, Kharkov) faced with the fact that the operation of the classic single-engine articulated trucks ZiU-683 and DAC-217E on routes with a strong bias was difficult and expensive for the purchase of Czech Skoda 15tr means simply did not have.
That is why in 1991, experts Kiev factory electric, it was decided to resume the production of passenger trolley (previously for twenty years, the company engaged in manufacturing special purpose trolley CTG). The first trolleybus Independent Ukraine steel trolley Kiev-11 - a huge articulated machine equipped with two traction motors and specially designed for use in heavy traffic conditions (maximum loading of passengers, the protracted ascents / descents, poor road surface, severe weather conditions).
The first trolley Kiev-11 left the assembly line in late 1991. Total for the year 1991-1992 in Kiev has been collected only six cars. These trolleys arrived in the White Church and Kiev, on three cars. In addition, the assembly of kits and engaged in Belarus, at a factory CTW. There in 1992-1996 were collected five trolleybuses - three cars arrived in Minsk and two in Mogilev.
Unfortunately, these machines could not boast of excellent quality. Trolleybuses were frankly raw, because Kiev decided to abandon his creation - in December 1994 machine with serial number 1 was put on the spare parts, and the remaining two - handed in Kirovograd, which were scrapped in 2000. Not much different from the fate of trolleybuses Bila Church - where the exploitation of machines has been discontinued in 2007-2008.
A similar fate awaited the Belarusian machine. Work trolley routes were discontinued in 2003-2006. Three cars were written off, but the other two cars managed to survive. Thus, Minsk trolley bearing the number 5195 is conserved for the museum, and Mogilev 270 was shortened, converted into a technical assistance and to this day is the last representative of the trolley models Kiev-11.
In 1992-1995 on KZETe produced and shortened analogues Kiev-11. These trolleys were index Kiev-11y. They worked in Kiev, Kremenchug, Chernigov, White Church, Kirovograd, Nikolaev, Lysychansk and Khmelnitsky. Age of these machines, too, was short-lived - in the period from 1998 to 2008 have been written off all the machines, but three. So, kremenchuzhsky 186 (zav.34, 1993 issue) in 2006 passed the CD with the replacement of the body - in fact it is the same Kiev-11y, but ... in the back of ZiU-682G-016!
No less interesting and the fate of Chernigov machines. These machines have been converted into mobile canteens linear teams. Unfortunately, one of them was charged in September 2010, for the remainder of the board 448 in 1994 can be called the last of the world Kiev-11y.
As shown, KZET failed in its task. Because in 1992 the regime Dnepropetrovsk enterprise "UMZ" was instructed to finalize and put into operation the machine Kiev-11.
In Dnepropetrovsk trolley acquired significant changes. Thus, the traction motors DC-213B (115kW) have been replaced by the Kharkov ED-138 (130kW). Poltava was installed compressor that does not require lubrication, and also widely used in rocketry compact cable connectors. Motor-generator was replaced by a static voltage converter. Interestingly, in this period, the Director of the enterprise is the future president of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma. So people new cars were nicknamed "Kuchmovozy."
In January 1992, with factory gate came the first machine YuMZ-T1. These machines are immediately won the respect in mind the extraordinary ruggedness, enormous power and capacity. It should be noted that they are quite different in appearance from the production models - so, in the sides of the windows have been provided for Destination sign (as in Romanian DACov) and head-over - ventilation grille.
Until the end of 1992 was released more than twenty cars that came to all corners of Ukraine.
A significant advantage of these machines is that the electrical equipment issued to the roof. This greatly facilitates access to sites and aggregates, as well as operation. The roof-handed starting rheostats and brake servo. This model, like many others, has both its advantages and its disadvantages: a large number of consumption of electricity, heating and others. Shop these machines can accommodate up to 200 people.
Trolleybuses series YuMZ T1 performed on a block-modular principle with the use of modern technology and maximum use of standardized parts, components and assemblies. The presence of two electric motors and drive axles allows trouble-free run in heavy traffic and climatic conditions, without sacrificing speed climbing inclines of up to 12%.
It should be noted that these factors cause a certain delight drivers with respect to the trolley - work on YuMZ-T1 among trolleybusnikov considered quite an honor. Interestingly, among the drivers of the trolley, associate themselves with the tank drivers, there are also girls.
Since 1993, the assembly of trolleybuses YuMZ-T1 was arranged and a subsidiary in Pavlograd. At the same time held its first restyling trolley. Was significantly increased glass area, added frontal Destination sign, change the layout of the cabin, and the interior light. After that, the car became even more attractive to potential buyers.
Shop UMZ-T1 sample 1993-1995g.v.
Separately want to mention trolleybuses 1996-1998g.v., The last batch of these machines. They had provided "traffic light brake", driver seat hovercraft. Grab bars in steel with black interior and decoration of the ceiling and walls - dark wood
Salon sample 1996-1998 onwards - Pictured
We should also mention an interesting approach to color machines - so, in Kharkov of 47 cars 1992-1996g.v. there are about twenty different variants of the factory color.
That's like one of the options
More
The main (and perhaps only) minus the model can be called outdated appearance, cool interior in the winter season and a great power. It was the latter played a decisive role in the fate YuMZ-T1 - in 1996, production of machines in Dnepropetrovsk was discontinued. Pavlograd continued small-scale machines manufactured before 1998, the last car entered the White Church. Total for 1992-1998 years was released about five hundred trolley UMZ-T1.
It is noteworthy that in addition to the domestic market and trolleybuses were delivered abroad - in Orenburg (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), Chisinau (Moldova)
(Pictured - Orenburg)
And even in Tallinn worked alone YuMZ-T1
As of 2011 the majority of farms continues to operate trolleybuses YuMZ-T1; however, in some cities during overhauls machines are shortened to the size YuMZ-T2, after which they are assigned index YuMZ-T1R.
In 1993, UMZ has been launched as the release of a single model - YuMZ-T2. The machine is fully unified with YuMZ-T1 on all nodes, and is still in demand. It should be noted that the cost of trolley UMZ-T2 exceeds the value of Russian counterparts, but despite this the machine firmly taken its niche in the roar of public transport. During serial production more than five hundred cars that came in almost all cities of Ukraine, as well as in Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Chişinău and even Ashgabat. Mass production continued, 1993-2007, and small-scale production is still going on - so the summer of 2011 new YuMZ-T2 arrived in Mariupol.
Small-scale version is available YuMZ-T2.09 designed to work on suburban routes. These trolleys mean the door is locked, the cabin there are luggage racks and used Four-layout of the cabin. Thus, the number of seats increased to 39. In addition, the machine is equipped with an independent electrodynamic brake is activated even in the absence of voltage in the contact network or when coming from a network of collectors, as well as illuminated contact network in the dark and the radio in the cab. By the way, radio Pioneer is fitted as standard to all trolleys YuMZ-T2 since the beginning of the 2000s onwards
Trolleybuses YuMZ-T2.09 operated on the highway Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta, as well as in Kerch, where trolleybus network was opened seven years ago, in 2004. Another such machine works in Severodonetsk.
Separately want to mention and experimental development YuMZ. This YuMZ-T2M and YuMZ-T3K - YuMZ-T2 and T1, respectively YuMZ-equipped Tisa. YuMZ-T2M works in Kiev, but in one of proetssse overhauls management system was replaced by a standard RKSU. YuMZ-T3K was factory converted into RKSU and enrolled in Donetsk, where was decommissioned in 2009.
By the way, there is a version that the index YuMZ-T3K was to receive and have not held low-floor trolley version YuMZ-T1.
I'll tell you a little more about the fate of the machines YuMZ caught in Russia.
The first on the territory of Russia were trolley UMZ-T1. Orenburg was the only city in Russia, where these machines are operated. 27 trolleybuses came to the city in 1993-1994, they were acquired by barter for gas Orenburggazprom. Interestingly, due to its non-standard dimensions they were not placed in the depot №1. Because first they slept on spetsploschadke Depot №1 (on pr.Avtomatiki, 13). After its closure trolley several times wandering from the depot №2 №1 in Depot and back. In 2005, when disbanding Depot №2, trolley UMZ-T1 was simply written off - for depot at Rybakovsky, old and small, it was not designed for maintenance articulated trolleybuses. One machine (333) burned on the line in 2000.
In 1998, the Ukrainian trolley again crossed the border. This time the 17 machines purchased Moscow enterprise "Mosgortrans". Trolleybuses 1998-2001, the release came in the first park (three cars) and FATP (remaining fourteen), where they received numbers * 9 ** series. In general, in the opinion of drivers, it is quite reliable machine. In the early 2000s they were converted under ASKP, with the majority of machines has been changed partition cockpit - the driver lost separate exit to the street, and all the front door was assigned to passengers. The first write-off began in 2009, and from April 2011 of the cars began to pass the CD with the replacement and upgrading of the body to ZiU-682GM1. As of summer 2013 on all routes trolley UMZ-T2 upgraded to GM1
In 2000, two YuMZ-T2 purchased Rostov-on-Don. This machine 2000 release manager. Rooms 220 and 223, onboard - 285 and 286 respectively.
Overall trolley UMZ-T is one of the most reliable, unpretentious, roomy cars. This is what they have won the love and respect as staff and ordinary passengers. Unfortunately, with the advent of new low-floor trolleybuses their era gradually completed.
But not always, the plant was producing only YuMZ T. In 2003, the plant began production of low-floor trolley YuMZ E186
Quite an unusual four-car is the brainchild of the Research Institute Ukravtobusprom. Establish serial production plant trolley and failed - released in three years a total of 11 trolleybuses
Trolleybus though quite modern in equipment, but in view of small-scale and crude construction of 11 trolleybuses currently works regularly only 5 - two in Kiev, one in Poltava, Krivoy Rog and Dnepropetrovsk.
In addition, in 2010, considered the possibility of assembling trolleybuses "Megapolis" at the UMZ. Was assembled one machine, which is being tested in several cities of Ukraine, including on line "Simferopol - Yalta»
The testing results was made highly anticipated decision to reject such a production, for "Megalopolis" with its uncomfortable interior design and a bunch of blunders just not able to compete with the Ukrainian lazami and Bogdanov.
Because the trolley was taken to Russia, where under the guise of ordinary Megapolis sold in Podolsk.
A YuMZ announced the discontinuation of the trolley and the dismantling of the production equipment. The era trolley YuMZ nearing its logical conclusion ...
All
Source:
