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Photographs of the USSR
What boasts 1961? Of course the main and memorable event was the flight of Yuri Gagarin into space. Also, there was a famous XXII Congress of the CPSU in Moscow, which is still remembered. I propose to look together in 1961 with the help of these historic photographs and learn more interesting things happened.
Yuri Gagarin and Gherman Titov understudy on the bus ride to the launch site Baikonur cosmodrome April 12, 1961 Mr. .:
The meeting of the first cosmonaut of the Earth has turned into a national celebration with mass celebrations.
So people celebrated on the Red Square in Moscow:
Gagarin welcomed the compatriots from the rostrum of the Mausoleum, the then Lenin and Stalin:
Last time the leaders went to the mausoleum with Stalin's name during the May Day parade 1961:
Red Square in those days even combined role of the public character of the sacral center, places of public celebrations with the function of an ordinary highway:
Directions will be closed in 1963.
The main economic event of the year was the currency reform, conducted from 1 January 1961 to the official version, carried out "... in order to facilitate the circulation of money and giving a greater usefulness of money." The reform of the money in circulation of the sample in 1947 were exchanged without restriction for newly issued notes and coins by the ratio of 10: 1 and in the same proportion were changed prices of all goods, tariff rates of wages, pensions, scholarships and grants, payment obligations and treaties.
It is in the 61 th went into circulation commemorative any Soviet person bills that have prevailed until the end of the Soviet era.
How can we forget the red Ruddy that kind aunt gave her nephew's birthday?
In 1961 the Soviet Union was gaining strength campaign on the introduction of maize in the vast expanses of the country. Of course, to the promotion of "queen of fields" connected and photographers who have made similar images for the leading Soviet magazines such as "Ogonek»:
The idea of the introduction of maize Khrushchev brought from a trip to the United States in 1959. He does a lot of what it had seen enough. Khrushchev appeared, neither more nor less, the new version of Peter the Great, who was trying to borrow in the West, everything that is possible, in addition to ways of governing the country and its social system. In principle, under Stalin and under the Soviet brand of American and German manufactured goods, from cameras to cars (licensed or captured), but by the end of 1950 the old loans already completely outdated.
Therefore, from the late 50's - early 60's in the Soviet Union, a new wave of borrowing Western models of material culture, from "a" to "z". Engineering industry mastered the production of iconic Italian scooters and small cars, furniture designers and clothing were taken into service catalogs western most fashionable firms filmmakers intently studied Hollywood experience.
It was a very wise policy, as it enabled the rapid and massive Soviet people the best examples of Western material culture, consumer goods, concentrating the major creative forces of the nation in the development of the defense industry, aviation and space projects, as well as the nuclear power industry (where it was impossible to do just to borrow from the West).
As a result, the pictures below, it is in the Soviet early 1960s technology and design virtually indistinguishable from European models of the time.
Here in Moscow, Soviet motor Silver Forest, created in the image and likeness of the Italian "Vespa»:
But the Soviet bar magazine illustrations 1961 .:
Is not that America?
Frankly, I myself was and suddenly see such pictures in the magazine in 1961 to photograph an cafe "North" in Leningrad
In the field of cinema was the most open and "legitimized" the exchange of experiences and ideas with the West, through participation in various international festivals.
That young Tikhonov signing autographs on Mezhdunarodnomkinofestivale in Moscow in 1961. And they say that in the USSR there was no concept of "stardom"! Although, of course, the fee Tikhonov was not like a western movie stars. But people's love - well, nothing less.
In 1961, the Soviet Union, the premiere of the film, which could easily be made in Hollywood - "Amphibian Man". As stated in Wikipedia, the Americans learned about the shooting, in the newspaper "New York Times" appeared skeptical article, they say, "he Walt Disney abandoned the film adaptation Belaiev novel because of the complexity of underwater filming and Russian, which run on antiquated technology, We decided to challenge destiny. " Yes, in 1950 the Americans themselves would like to film this novel.
Of course, the Soviet cinema was itself a great and original, so some borrowing foreign experience does not exclude the independent creative development.
In 1961, the dawn lit up the "golden age" of Soviet comedies, they released their first film with the famous "Trinity" - 'Bootleggers »:
Start of 1960 is characterized by the rapid rise of the welfare of the Soviet workers. Khrushchev was determined to resettle millions of Soviet people from dilapidated barracks and the private sector in separate apartments panel five-story building, the construction of which was delivered literally on the conveyor.
It was a joy for the people and the death of architecture:
In addition to the flight of Gagarin, the main event of 1961 was the XXII Congress of the Soviet Communist Party, which was held from 17 to 31 October 1961 in Moscow.
It was on him, Khrushchev in his speech announced that by 1980 will be built in the USSR communism:
In honor of the new plant was issued a series of stamps:
Fanatically devoted to the ideas of communism and inspired by high rates of development of Soviet industry, Khrushchev did not hear about serious economic reforms. He believed that the existing system in the USSR is the best and has a distinct advantage over the western market economy mechanisms.
While encouraging ruble workers and engineers in the USSR had not been denied, the official propaganda of the time made emphasis on the ideological consciousness of the builders of communism.
In this photo from the magazine "Ogonyok" 1961 seen one example of "moral incentives»:
1990 Burlatskii told why Khrushchev believed in the building of communism in 1980 turns out that Soviet scientists in 1961 amounted to "consumer basket" full of material security of the Soviet man, corresponding to the ultimate goal of building communism. Then calculated taking into account the economic growth of the current Five-Year Plan (seven-year?), How much time it will take to the Soviet economy was able to provide every citizen of this set of benefits. The result was about 1980. The "consumer package" resident of building a communist society was part of a separate room for human well-defined number of pairs of trousers, skirts, caps, etc., according to the norms set food nutrition, as well as the required number of beds in hospitals, rest homes, nursery schools , schools, theaters.
Private cars in the set was not.
But he was at least in Soviet journals.
"Tomorrow Output" photo Nikolai Kozlovsky, 1961:
Source: visualhistory.livejournal.com
Yuri Gagarin and Gherman Titov understudy on the bus ride to the launch site Baikonur cosmodrome April 12, 1961 Mr. .:
The meeting of the first cosmonaut of the Earth has turned into a national celebration with mass celebrations.
So people celebrated on the Red Square in Moscow:
Gagarin welcomed the compatriots from the rostrum of the Mausoleum, the then Lenin and Stalin:
Last time the leaders went to the mausoleum with Stalin's name during the May Day parade 1961:
Red Square in those days even combined role of the public character of the sacral center, places of public celebrations with the function of an ordinary highway:
Directions will be closed in 1963.
The main economic event of the year was the currency reform, conducted from 1 January 1961 to the official version, carried out "... in order to facilitate the circulation of money and giving a greater usefulness of money." The reform of the money in circulation of the sample in 1947 were exchanged without restriction for newly issued notes and coins by the ratio of 10: 1 and in the same proportion were changed prices of all goods, tariff rates of wages, pensions, scholarships and grants, payment obligations and treaties.
It is in the 61 th went into circulation commemorative any Soviet person bills that have prevailed until the end of the Soviet era.
How can we forget the red Ruddy that kind aunt gave her nephew's birthday?
In 1961 the Soviet Union was gaining strength campaign on the introduction of maize in the vast expanses of the country. Of course, to the promotion of "queen of fields" connected and photographers who have made similar images for the leading Soviet magazines such as "Ogonek»:
The idea of the introduction of maize Khrushchev brought from a trip to the United States in 1959. He does a lot of what it had seen enough. Khrushchev appeared, neither more nor less, the new version of Peter the Great, who was trying to borrow in the West, everything that is possible, in addition to ways of governing the country and its social system. In principle, under Stalin and under the Soviet brand of American and German manufactured goods, from cameras to cars (licensed or captured), but by the end of 1950 the old loans already completely outdated.
Therefore, from the late 50's - early 60's in the Soviet Union, a new wave of borrowing Western models of material culture, from "a" to "z". Engineering industry mastered the production of iconic Italian scooters and small cars, furniture designers and clothing were taken into service catalogs western most fashionable firms filmmakers intently studied Hollywood experience.
It was a very wise policy, as it enabled the rapid and massive Soviet people the best examples of Western material culture, consumer goods, concentrating the major creative forces of the nation in the development of the defense industry, aviation and space projects, as well as the nuclear power industry (where it was impossible to do just to borrow from the West).
As a result, the pictures below, it is in the Soviet early 1960s technology and design virtually indistinguishable from European models of the time.
Here in Moscow, Soviet motor Silver Forest, created in the image and likeness of the Italian "Vespa»:
But the Soviet bar magazine illustrations 1961 .:
Is not that America?
Frankly, I myself was and suddenly see such pictures in the magazine in 1961 to photograph an cafe "North" in Leningrad
In the field of cinema was the most open and "legitimized" the exchange of experiences and ideas with the West, through participation in various international festivals.
That young Tikhonov signing autographs on Mezhdunarodnomkinofestivale in Moscow in 1961. And they say that in the USSR there was no concept of "stardom"! Although, of course, the fee Tikhonov was not like a western movie stars. But people's love - well, nothing less.
In 1961, the Soviet Union, the premiere of the film, which could easily be made in Hollywood - "Amphibian Man". As stated in Wikipedia, the Americans learned about the shooting, in the newspaper "New York Times" appeared skeptical article, they say, "he Walt Disney abandoned the film adaptation Belaiev novel because of the complexity of underwater filming and Russian, which run on antiquated technology, We decided to challenge destiny. " Yes, in 1950 the Americans themselves would like to film this novel.
Of course, the Soviet cinema was itself a great and original, so some borrowing foreign experience does not exclude the independent creative development.
In 1961, the dawn lit up the "golden age" of Soviet comedies, they released their first film with the famous "Trinity" - 'Bootleggers »:
Start of 1960 is characterized by the rapid rise of the welfare of the Soviet workers. Khrushchev was determined to resettle millions of Soviet people from dilapidated barracks and the private sector in separate apartments panel five-story building, the construction of which was delivered literally on the conveyor.
It was a joy for the people and the death of architecture:
In addition to the flight of Gagarin, the main event of 1961 was the XXII Congress of the Soviet Communist Party, which was held from 17 to 31 October 1961 in Moscow.
It was on him, Khrushchev in his speech announced that by 1980 will be built in the USSR communism:
In honor of the new plant was issued a series of stamps:
Fanatically devoted to the ideas of communism and inspired by high rates of development of Soviet industry, Khrushchev did not hear about serious economic reforms. He believed that the existing system in the USSR is the best and has a distinct advantage over the western market economy mechanisms.
While encouraging ruble workers and engineers in the USSR had not been denied, the official propaganda of the time made emphasis on the ideological consciousness of the builders of communism.
In this photo from the magazine "Ogonyok" 1961 seen one example of "moral incentives»:
1990 Burlatskii told why Khrushchev believed in the building of communism in 1980 turns out that Soviet scientists in 1961 amounted to "consumer basket" full of material security of the Soviet man, corresponding to the ultimate goal of building communism. Then calculated taking into account the economic growth of the current Five-Year Plan (seven-year?), How much time it will take to the Soviet economy was able to provide every citizen of this set of benefits. The result was about 1980. The "consumer package" resident of building a communist society was part of a separate room for human well-defined number of pairs of trousers, skirts, caps, etc., according to the norms set food nutrition, as well as the required number of beds in hospitals, rest homes, nursery schools , schools, theaters.
Private cars in the set was not.
But he was at least in Soviet journals.
"Tomorrow Output" photo Nikolai Kozlovsky, 1961:
Source: visualhistory.livejournal.com
