Drawings secret flying saucer Bashny.Net

Canadian firm "Avro Erkraft" from 1955 initiated a study of jet taking off vertically with a circular disc-shaped apparatus shell and the formation of an air cushion during takeoff and just recently representatives of relevant US intelligence decided Declassification of the archive project.




It was assumed that such a scheme VTOL, with driven lift fan of the turbojet engine, proposed in 1947 by British designer John Frost, through the use of an air cushion will require less energy available during takeoff than for conventional jet VTOL.



Furthermore, cast by the fan air flow to be mixed with the gases and TRD used for forming the air cushion will have a significantly lower speed and temperature than TPD, which should simplify the operation of such VTOL. Therefore, the development of VTOL firm "Avro Erkraft" interested in the Air Force and the US Army who participated in the research funding should be noted that the scheme VTOL with disc-shaped support body and disposed therein fan was offered ac. BN Yuriev in 1921, the scheme, see "Russia. Studies screw VTOL ».



In 1959, the combined contract for the Army and the US Air Force has completed the construction of an experimental VTOL with a disc-shaped body which has received official designation VZ-9V name "Avrokar" and more known as the "Flying Soser" (flying saucer). The first tests on a leash VTOL VZ-9V began to pass the 5 December 1959, making a short flight, and soon was transferred to test them on the Air Force base. Edwards. First off with the transition to horizontal flight took place May 17, 1961



Frost decided to use the already familiar to the time reactive thrust in conjunction with the so-called Coanda effect. The essence of this phenomenon lies in the fact that the jet of liquid or gas, moving next to any object, tends to approach her or even "stick." As planned Frost, this behavior of air was easier to maneuver the machine. First, engineers Avro Canada made a small machine to demonstrate their ideas. Model with a diameter of 11 centimeters could rise into the air at low altitude, but there are no mechanisms to maneuver it did not fit. Nevertheless, the Canadian military department interested in the idea and has allocated about 400 thousand US dollars to continue the work. Shortly thereafter, the project received index Y2.



At this stage, the future Avrocar became the target of an espionage drama. Since 1952, the CIA was trying to find out whether some of the new aircraft designs. In the 53rd scouts learned about the existence of the project Y2 and reported it to his superiors. Shortly after the transfer of documents "up" gentlemen of the Pentagon contacted the Canadian military and asked them to continue creating Y2 together. Canada has adopted the proposal. Among other things, it was pleasant and financial implications. Chief of the US Air Force Research Lt. Gen. J. Patt knocked the funding of two million dollars a year. Very brave for a revolutionary new project. However, the money was allocated and Avro continued research. By mid-decade, the project was ready VZ-9, which, strictly speaking, was the "swan song" program Y2. Development VTOL VZ-9V led by John Frost and his tests were conducted in the greatest secrecy, so it was published on very limited information. Probably unusual form of VTOL and the lack of official data on the tests conducted in 1961 - 1962 years., Caused in this period of intense publication about flying unidentified flying objects (UFOs) in the form of "flying saucers».



Of fifteen disk with six turbojet engines, which emit gases through its own nozzle and drives the rotation of the turbine large theoretically could rise to any height and fly in any direction. The customer in the face of US and Canadian military approved the project, but asked first to try the new technology of manned spacecraft on the smaller size. Because of this "plate" uzhali to a diameter of about six meters. Appropriately modified and powerplant: now around the central turbine placed only three engines. Interesting flight control system. To raise or lower anticipated change cravings all engines at once, that affect the speed of the lifting of the turbine. To tilt in one direction or another Avrocar had a special system that changes the individual thrust engines so that housing unit due to its difference leaning in the right direction. With this system had pretty tricky: it was necessary to take into account the engine response, stability of the entire system and a host of other parameters.



In the middle of 1959 the first prototype "Avrokara" was ready. It is time for testing. The first week went to the training of interaction engines and their control systems. It was not easy, but Canadians and Americans to deal with it. By November of that year, VZ-9 unit was ready for the first flight. November 12 "flying saucer" off the ground and hovered at low altitude. Over time, began to gain traction and display apparatus for a little more height. At a distance of about one meter from the ground Avrocar hanging loosely, maneuvered and can move in any direction. But when it came to lift to a height of at least several meters, suddenly became clear one very unpleasant feature of the project. Relatively weak power plant prototype could provide a satisfactory stability and control only to a height of five feet. A further rise in "Avrokaru" had to rely solely on the Coanda effect. Ground effect, in turn, was lost and the aircraft to lose its stability. After a series of test flights engineers "Avro Canada" had to go back for Cullman. Meanwhile, disgruntled results Canadian military came to the conclusion about the futility of the project and refused to continue to give out money.



During the following months the team of designers under the J. Frost tried to find a solution for the detected problems and provide adequate stability. At this stage of the work has been collected several models that worked out new ideas. However, none of the models are not able to go up to a decent height and it does not turn over. Among the reasons for this behavior sets the number and the absence of additional air support (the same ground effect), and demanding designs to accurately and precisely balanced and the need to synchronize the operation of the engines. Fix all this was possible only with the help of a fundamental change in the structure. In late 1960, Frost began refining project in accordance with the collected experiences. Starting from 1959, the year the project financing Y2 carried only by the United States. Responsible for the management of the program, US officials eventually became too doubt its feasibility. So soon after the beginning of a radical modernization funding "Avrokara" stopped. Staff at the Pentagon were tough and terse. The document on the termination of studies indicates the futility of the project, as well as the absence of any satisfactory result at a cost of about twelve million dollars. In 1962, the development of VTOL VZ-9V was discontinued.



Recent tests carried out VTOL VZ-9V «Avrokar" showed that it is not sufficiently resistant, in addition, constantly emerging problems in its propulsion system and control system caused the termination of his trial, despite the touted prospects of its application.



The principal difference between the experimental VTOL VZ-9V «Avrokar" was that he could not only fly like an airplane at high altitude, but also move close to the ground on an air cushion. The unit had a round disc-shaped body, the center of which was a fan. They sucked air through the duct system heading for single-circuit ring nozzle that passes along the periphery of the device.



The lifting force in hover or VTOL movement VZ-9V created near the ground, firstly, because the air cushion formed during the flow of air from the annular nozzle, and secondly, as a result of so-called Coanda effect, which is usually manifested in the expiration air of over the profiled surface of the nozzle: a vacuum produced gives rise to the lifting force. In VTOL VZ-9V when the flow of air through the ejection nozzle due to suction of air performed from the upper surface of the housing unit, causing it to underpressure and creating additional lift. The air ejected through the annular gap on the upper surface of the housing unit. Central fan diameter of 1, 52 m was driven by a low-speed turbine driven in rotation by the flow of gases arising from the three nozzles TRD Continental J69-T9 with a thrust of 420 kg or equivalent power of 1,000 bhp To create a horizontal thrust ring air curtain may deviate from the rotary control surfaces in an annular nozzle.



VTOL transition from movement in the air above the land to the coast is as follows: VTOL accelerated above the ground on an air cushion to such a speed that it was creating a disc-shaped body lift sufficient to maintain in the air, and then for his recovery. The annular jet, rolling, turning into a flat veil and flowing out of the annular air nozzle creating horizontal thrust.



Built experimental VTOL VZ-9V «Avrokar" was intended to fly at subsonic speeds, so it had a rounded toe ring round the wing and the air intake on the perimeter of the wing to enter the ejected air flow. Round disc-shaped body with a diameter of 5 5 m was elliptical profile with a relative thickness of 20% and 2% of curvature. Features VTOL VZ-9V not been published, although indicated that he may have a maximum speed of 480 km / h.



Firm "Avro Erkarft" was designed as a supersonic VTOL variant of this type, in which the wing was to have a sharp edge and a modified intake system ejected air. This device differs constructive compact and could have a relatively small mass; it is configured with a circular wing advertised as optimal for low-level flights at high speeds, provided that the problem will be solved stability.





To have survived both prototyping Avrocar, which are stored in aviation museums in the US. Ten years ago, a number of Canadian historians made for the transfer of one of the "Avrokarov" in the hands of Canada. They explained this by the need of recognition of the country in the creation of the project. In this topic share of funding for some reason get round, although the US has spent on the program Y2 in more than ten times more money than their northern neighbor. In particular, and therefore the beginning of the two thousandth talk remained talk, and both built VZ-9 still live in American museums.