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History twelve Apple without Steve Jobs
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1985. Apple is losing sales because of the emergence of IBM PC, a better computer than what they could offer in Cupertino. Andy Hertzfeld left the company, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith - key figures project Macintosh, seriously thinking of finally leaving the company and Steve Wozniak.
Steve Jobs, founder of Apple Computer in 21 years, became a millionaire at 23, and 30 managed to fly out of his own company. We all remember John Scully and his growing confrontation with Jobs. After the last in the absence of the former head of "PepsiCo" tried to stage a coup in the board of directors, May 24, 1985 Steve Jobs was fired from his post as head of Macintosh.
After five months of total disregard for - he just stopped going to work, but no one noticed - Jobs declined the post of chairman of the board of directors of the company. Jobs not taken the "Shuttle" at some stage of his candidacy really considered for space flight. By the way, here he was lucky - the teacher Christa McAuliffe, which was chosen in his place, was killed at the start of the "Challenger". He threw away the idea of founding a computer company in the Soviet Union, having taken during a visit to Moscow TV technician for scout. In the same year, he spent $ 7 million to run NeXT.
It so happened that Steve Jobs is synonymous with Apple. We mention a chapter, and have in mind world's most expensive brand . And no wonder that any biography of Jobs - a biography of Apple.
But it also makes those years when he was suspended from her leadership falls outside of our field of vision. Almost all the works on the life of Jobs did not talk about what happened to Apple in the period from 1985 to 1997, they stay on his work at NeXT and Pixar, but life is not Apple. The best that can be learned from them - that's what the company quietly stagnated.
There will be a speech about ten of the many products that were issued in the twelve years without Jobs. Some of them were a failure and did not particularly memorable, as part of a successful, or in some other way affect the future of Apple.
Macintosh Portable
The first computer Macintosh, running on battery was released in 1989. The machine weighed 7 pounds 2 (a large portion of the lead-acid battery) and had 1 MB RAM, expandable up to 9, released in later models with backlit had 8 megabytes of RAM. The heart is clocked at 16 MHz processor Motorola 68000. External drives were presented trёmya configurations: one with a floppy disk drive with two or floppy disk and a special 40-megabyte hard drive Conner CP-3045 with low power consumption. The computer is running System 6 and System 7.
The cost of the device is $ 6,500.
In general, despite the praise of critics, the model proved unsuccessful. The computer could not work on the network because of the weakness of the power supply, and in some cases, the hard drive could not unwind.
PowerBook 100
The new laptop from Apple for the first time at the show COMDEX show in October 1991. He possessed a nine-inch black and white display with backlight 640 × 400 pixels, 20-40 MB hard disk, all the same, and work on the same frequency as the Motorola 68000 processor and 2-8 MB of RAM. This "halved" version of the Macintosh Portable was worth only $ 2,300. The computer weighs about 2 pounds and 2 worked with System 6.
Scully watched personally initiated the project in 1990. In its marketing was spent one million dollars, but revenue was a billion in the first year. People soon began to neglect the model 100, and more and more actively bought the model 140 and 170, as they had a floppy drive. The model was so successful that the marketing name PowerBook survived even after the return of Jobs permutations, and there, before the baton in 2006 adopted a brand MacBook.
PowerBook Duo
C 1992 to 1997, Apple released a more compact model of PowerBook. Computer weighed only 1.86 kilograms and had a thickness of 36 mm, it was marginally wider sheet of A4 paper (280 × 220 mm).
Different models have different characteristics: from 4 to 56 megabytes of RAM, Motorola 68040 processor options and 68040, and in the PowerBook Duo 2300c - PowerPC 603e.
His name shall the computer can connect to the station dokingovoy Duo via 156-pin , which gave full access to the CPU as a laptop, so and data buses. In the Duo-closed laptop dock like a cassette inserted in the video player The result is familiar to everyone fed from the mains full-sized computer with a monitor, keyboard, mouse and all standard ports. In the dock could be the drive, the extra processor cache memory of the second level, a math coprocessor, additional video memory and expansion slots NuBus, thanks to which you can connect up to 3 monitors.
Besides were available mini and micro dock whose popularity was caused by various third-party solutions. This docking station allows you to connect a variety of devices: Ehthernet, video output NTSC and PAL, external speakers, display and other.
Newton MessagePad
The first handheld Apple Newton came out in 1987, and in 1993 appeared MessagePad. This was a significant upgrade ruler Newton. Original MessagePad had on board common to all devices Newton RISC-610 ARM processor, clocked at 20 MHz, lacked all memory volume of 640 kilobytes, 4 megabytes of internal storage, modem, 9, 6 kb / s, black-and-white display resolution 336 × 240. The device weighs about 640 grams.
August 2, 1993 at the Boston Macworld Expo MessagePad was the most popular product, and easy care at $ 900 apiece. In broad sell PDA enrolled at a price of $ 700. In the first three months it sold 50 thousand units.
An interesting implementation of handwriting: in earlier versions of the operating system was a system of "Kalligrafer" from the Russian company "Paragraph." Recognition system learned to recognize the input of a particular person, but sometimes it was not accurate, it even ridiculed in "The Simpsons" in the episode "Lisa on Ice". What cartoons, she had a complete separation and criticism.
Another negative was the lack of quality opportunities to connect PDA to your desktop computer, although this was added in later models. Fix was and handwriting recognition. Because of this, even today, Apple Newton valued at the market of the old "iron" is higher than a similar model of the time period. In 2006, the publication CNET Apple MessagePad 2000 compared with the Samsung Q1, and preference was given to Newton.
Macintosh TV
This was the first attempt to integrate the Apple computer with a TV. In all there were 10 thousand. Devices. Macintosh TV began selling in October 1997 for US $ 2097.
Operating System - System 7 may update to Mac OS 9.1. In fact, it was the LC 520 in black case with a TV tuner, allowing you to watch TV on a 14-inch screen, not getting up from the workplace. It sounds tempting, but the implementation disappoint: you can either watch TV, or work - to move a window with a picture of television impossible. This test has helped in the future, the TV tuner was a popular option in the model number of Performa and LC.
The set went remote control, capable of working well with TVs Sony. Interestingly, it was the first Macintosh in black color coloring. Inside were 5 MB of RAM, Motorola 68030 processor with operating frequency of 32 MHz, 512 KB of video memory (the maximum resolution of 640 × 480), an optical drive and a hard drive with 160 megabytes.
Power Macintosh 9500
Model 1995 has a very strong "iron": the PowerPC 604 or 604e, operating at a frequency of 120 to 200 MHz, depending on the model, mezzanine boards allow quick replacement and configuration of two 180 MHz processors. It was the first Mac that had ports PCI, there have been six, one of which was always busy graphics.
The computer is running System 7.5, but with some modifications it is possible to put Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, making it the oldest Mac, which rises Mac OS X.
Powerful stuffing to make the model attractive for graphic designers and people involved in music.
PowerCD
Work on the project came together with Philips. PowerCD of 1993 was supposed to be a separate, self-contained and portable CD-player, who could read regular CD-ROMs and CD images (supported formats from Kodak) paired with the Mac via SCSI-port, audio system or TV.
This failed attempt to create the first Apple device no computer and non-computer periphery caused by the success of Newton, after which the Cupertino saw new markets for their electronics. Yes, all desktop Macs already had a CD-ROM drive, but in the PowerBook it was not. Division Mac Like Things to its transformation into New Media Group managed to create only PowerCD and speakers AppleDesign Powered Speakers.
Apple QuickTake
20 years ago, Kodak together with Apple launched the project of a digital camera, the resolution of which sounds ridiculous by today's standards - it's just 0, 3 mega pixel (640 × 480). Modern smart phones and front camera at times better, but it was one of the first consumer camera. Often it is called the very first, for example, so it described Time Magazine, although the first was the Logitech FotoMan.
Models was 3: 100 and 150 are compatible with both Windows, and Apple Macintosh, and 200 officially worked only with Macs. "Official" - that's because the two hundredth model was almost completely similar to Fuji DS-7 and Kenox SSC-350N from Samsung, so it can still be made to work with OSes from Microsoft.
The rest of her features were as modest as the resolution: Supported formats QuickTake, PICT, and models 150 and 200 still and BMP, JPEG, PCX, and TIFF. Inside was a megabyte of memory or EPROM 2-4 megabyte SmartMedia card in later models. The cost of the three models is 749, 700 and 600 dollars. Here for clarity picture with QuickTake 150.
Bandai Pippin
Yes, Apple released a video game console, and it's not even a joke. However, there is nothing much to wonder, today the company from Cupertino manages one of the largest mobile gaming market, and it does not shock anyone.
Console 1996 used a multimedia platform PiPP! N to create a low-cost device with the capabilities chetyrёhskorostnogo optical drive. Also Bandai Pippin was able to work with the network via a modem 14, 4 kb / s. System 7.5.2 ran the 66-MHz PowerPC processor 603 and 16-bit graphics. To console you can connect a variety of devices, including printer Apple.
Total has sold 42 thousand. Devices, and, in general, all ended in failure quiet. Mostly console lacked software: the Japanese market was available less than 80 games and applications in the US was available just 18 games.
Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh (TAM)
Apple was late: the twentieth anniversary of the case 1 April 1996, and the twentieth anniversary of the model was shown at MacWorld Expo next January 7, 1997. The price tag in 7499 dollars, stated clearly that it is a model for such a high leadership. Generally, the expected price in 9000 dollars, but later it dropped to $ 3,500. And this is not surprising: Power Macintosh 6500 with similar characteristics was worth $ 2999, which is clearly signaled overpriced TAM. As a rule, the new model of Apple computers sold exactly one year, and when the time came to an end, the price dropped even before 1995 dollars.
Design departed from bored in the lines of all manufacturers of plastic box. For this model was chosen futuristic design and color of metallic colors, which is why TAM lit in several films. Inside were processor PowerPC 603e 250 MHz and the second level cache to 1 megabyte, 2 slots of RAM, expandable to 128 MB, two-gigabyte hard drive, Apple SuperDrive and chetyrёhskorostnoy CD-ROM drive. Supports resolutions up to 800 × 600 and 16-bit color.
Total has sold 11601 computers on one piece got Wozniak and Jobs. Today TAM has a high collection value in certain circles loyal fans Apple.
In 1997, Steve Jobs as a result of the acquisition "by Apple» NeXT Software was again among the native environment. This was beneficial for him - NeXT no longer produces its perfect but too expensive for the consumer market and computers shrank to a small company of 240 people, the supplied software. After that, Apple launched a variety of personnel changes, everything moved, from something refused to listen to something, despite the fact that Jobs was listed as a consultant only. During the years at the helm of Apple, Jobs was able to change beyond recognition.
Whether it was for the better? Definitely, yes, this may indicate at least the end of the nineties, increasing fussiness and often disastrous exhibits cemetery art, we can see above.
This is also the financial performance: for twelve years without one of its creators Apple's share in the market fell from 16 percent to 4, and with Jobs Cupertino-based company was the most expensive in the history of mankind .
By materilov ABC News , книги The Apple Revolution , Wikipedia.org and Engadget .
Source: geektimes.ru/post/241178/
Steve Jobs, founder of Apple Computer in 21 years, became a millionaire at 23, and 30 managed to fly out of his own company. We all remember John Scully and his growing confrontation with Jobs. After the last in the absence of the former head of "PepsiCo" tried to stage a coup in the board of directors, May 24, 1985 Steve Jobs was fired from his post as head of Macintosh.
After five months of total disregard for - he just stopped going to work, but no one noticed - Jobs declined the post of chairman of the board of directors of the company. Jobs not taken the "Shuttle" at some stage of his candidacy really considered for space flight. By the way, here he was lucky - the teacher Christa McAuliffe, which was chosen in his place, was killed at the start of the "Challenger". He threw away the idea of founding a computer company in the Soviet Union, having taken during a visit to Moscow TV technician for scout. In the same year, he spent $ 7 million to run NeXT.
It so happened that Steve Jobs is synonymous with Apple. We mention a chapter, and have in mind world's most expensive brand . And no wonder that any biography of Jobs - a biography of Apple.
But it also makes those years when he was suspended from her leadership falls outside of our field of vision. Almost all the works on the life of Jobs did not talk about what happened to Apple in the period from 1985 to 1997, they stay on his work at NeXT and Pixar, but life is not Apple. The best that can be learned from them - that's what the company quietly stagnated.
There will be a speech about ten of the many products that were issued in the twelve years without Jobs. Some of them were a failure and did not particularly memorable, as part of a successful, or in some other way affect the future of Apple.
Macintosh Portable
The first computer Macintosh, running on battery was released in 1989. The machine weighed 7 pounds 2 (a large portion of the lead-acid battery) and had 1 MB RAM, expandable up to 9, released in later models with backlit had 8 megabytes of RAM. The heart is clocked at 16 MHz processor Motorola 68000. External drives were presented trёmya configurations: one with a floppy disk drive with two or floppy disk and a special 40-megabyte hard drive Conner CP-3045 with low power consumption. The computer is running System 6 and System 7.
The cost of the device is $ 6,500.
In general, despite the praise of critics, the model proved unsuccessful. The computer could not work on the network because of the weakness of the power supply, and in some cases, the hard drive could not unwind.
PowerBook 100
The new laptop from Apple for the first time at the show COMDEX show in October 1991. He possessed a nine-inch black and white display with backlight 640 × 400 pixels, 20-40 MB hard disk, all the same, and work on the same frequency as the Motorola 68000 processor and 2-8 MB of RAM. This "halved" version of the Macintosh Portable was worth only $ 2,300. The computer weighs about 2 pounds and 2 worked with System 6.
Scully watched personally initiated the project in 1990. In its marketing was spent one million dollars, but revenue was a billion in the first year. People soon began to neglect the model 100, and more and more actively bought the model 140 and 170, as they had a floppy drive. The model was so successful that the marketing name PowerBook survived even after the return of Jobs permutations, and there, before the baton in 2006 adopted a brand MacBook.
PowerBook Duo
C 1992 to 1997, Apple released a more compact model of PowerBook. Computer weighed only 1.86 kilograms and had a thickness of 36 mm, it was marginally wider sheet of A4 paper (280 × 220 mm).
Different models have different characteristics: from 4 to 56 megabytes of RAM, Motorola 68040 processor options and 68040, and in the PowerBook Duo 2300c - PowerPC 603e.
His name shall the computer can connect to the station dokingovoy Duo via 156-pin , which gave full access to the CPU as a laptop, so and data buses. In the Duo-closed laptop dock like a cassette inserted in the video player The result is familiar to everyone fed from the mains full-sized computer with a monitor, keyboard, mouse and all standard ports. In the dock could be the drive, the extra processor cache memory of the second level, a math coprocessor, additional video memory and expansion slots NuBus, thanks to which you can connect up to 3 monitors.
Besides were available mini and micro dock whose popularity was caused by various third-party solutions. This docking station allows you to connect a variety of devices: Ehthernet, video output NTSC and PAL, external speakers, display and other.
Newton MessagePad
The first handheld Apple Newton came out in 1987, and in 1993 appeared MessagePad. This was a significant upgrade ruler Newton. Original MessagePad had on board common to all devices Newton RISC-610 ARM processor, clocked at 20 MHz, lacked all memory volume of 640 kilobytes, 4 megabytes of internal storage, modem, 9, 6 kb / s, black-and-white display resolution 336 × 240. The device weighs about 640 grams.
August 2, 1993 at the Boston Macworld Expo MessagePad was the most popular product, and easy care at $ 900 apiece. In broad sell PDA enrolled at a price of $ 700. In the first three months it sold 50 thousand units.
An interesting implementation of handwriting: in earlier versions of the operating system was a system of "Kalligrafer" from the Russian company "Paragraph." Recognition system learned to recognize the input of a particular person, but sometimes it was not accurate, it even ridiculed in "The Simpsons" in the episode "Lisa on Ice". What cartoons, she had a complete separation and criticism.
Another negative was the lack of quality opportunities to connect PDA to your desktop computer, although this was added in later models. Fix was and handwriting recognition. Because of this, even today, Apple Newton valued at the market of the old "iron" is higher than a similar model of the time period. In 2006, the publication CNET Apple MessagePad 2000 compared with the Samsung Q1, and preference was given to Newton.
Macintosh TV
This was the first attempt to integrate the Apple computer with a TV. In all there were 10 thousand. Devices. Macintosh TV began selling in October 1997 for US $ 2097.
Operating System - System 7 may update to Mac OS 9.1. In fact, it was the LC 520 in black case with a TV tuner, allowing you to watch TV on a 14-inch screen, not getting up from the workplace. It sounds tempting, but the implementation disappoint: you can either watch TV, or work - to move a window with a picture of television impossible. This test has helped in the future, the TV tuner was a popular option in the model number of Performa and LC.
The set went remote control, capable of working well with TVs Sony. Interestingly, it was the first Macintosh in black color coloring. Inside were 5 MB of RAM, Motorola 68030 processor with operating frequency of 32 MHz, 512 KB of video memory (the maximum resolution of 640 × 480), an optical drive and a hard drive with 160 megabytes.
Power Macintosh 9500
Model 1995 has a very strong "iron": the PowerPC 604 or 604e, operating at a frequency of 120 to 200 MHz, depending on the model, mezzanine boards allow quick replacement and configuration of two 180 MHz processors. It was the first Mac that had ports PCI, there have been six, one of which was always busy graphics.
The computer is running System 7.5, but with some modifications it is possible to put Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, making it the oldest Mac, which rises Mac OS X.
Powerful stuffing to make the model attractive for graphic designers and people involved in music.
PowerCD
Work on the project came together with Philips. PowerCD of 1993 was supposed to be a separate, self-contained and portable CD-player, who could read regular CD-ROMs and CD images (supported formats from Kodak) paired with the Mac via SCSI-port, audio system or TV.
This failed attempt to create the first Apple device no computer and non-computer periphery caused by the success of Newton, after which the Cupertino saw new markets for their electronics. Yes, all desktop Macs already had a CD-ROM drive, but in the PowerBook it was not. Division Mac Like Things to its transformation into New Media Group managed to create only PowerCD and speakers AppleDesign Powered Speakers.
Apple QuickTake
20 years ago, Kodak together with Apple launched the project of a digital camera, the resolution of which sounds ridiculous by today's standards - it's just 0, 3 mega pixel (640 × 480). Modern smart phones and front camera at times better, but it was one of the first consumer camera. Often it is called the very first, for example, so it described Time Magazine, although the first was the Logitech FotoMan.
Models was 3: 100 and 150 are compatible with both Windows, and Apple Macintosh, and 200 officially worked only with Macs. "Official" - that's because the two hundredth model was almost completely similar to Fuji DS-7 and Kenox SSC-350N from Samsung, so it can still be made to work with OSes from Microsoft.
The rest of her features were as modest as the resolution: Supported formats QuickTake, PICT, and models 150 and 200 still and BMP, JPEG, PCX, and TIFF. Inside was a megabyte of memory or EPROM 2-4 megabyte SmartMedia card in later models. The cost of the three models is 749, 700 and 600 dollars. Here for clarity picture with QuickTake 150.
Bandai Pippin
Yes, Apple released a video game console, and it's not even a joke. However, there is nothing much to wonder, today the company from Cupertino manages one of the largest mobile gaming market, and it does not shock anyone.
Console 1996 used a multimedia platform PiPP! N to create a low-cost device with the capabilities chetyrёhskorostnogo optical drive. Also Bandai Pippin was able to work with the network via a modem 14, 4 kb / s. System 7.5.2 ran the 66-MHz PowerPC processor 603 and 16-bit graphics. To console you can connect a variety of devices, including printer Apple.
Total has sold 42 thousand. Devices, and, in general, all ended in failure quiet. Mostly console lacked software: the Japanese market was available less than 80 games and applications in the US was available just 18 games.
Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh (TAM)
Apple was late: the twentieth anniversary of the case 1 April 1996, and the twentieth anniversary of the model was shown at MacWorld Expo next January 7, 1997. The price tag in 7499 dollars, stated clearly that it is a model for such a high leadership. Generally, the expected price in 9000 dollars, but later it dropped to $ 3,500. And this is not surprising: Power Macintosh 6500 with similar characteristics was worth $ 2999, which is clearly signaled overpriced TAM. As a rule, the new model of Apple computers sold exactly one year, and when the time came to an end, the price dropped even before 1995 dollars.
Design departed from bored in the lines of all manufacturers of plastic box. For this model was chosen futuristic design and color of metallic colors, which is why TAM lit in several films. Inside were processor PowerPC 603e 250 MHz and the second level cache to 1 megabyte, 2 slots of RAM, expandable to 128 MB, two-gigabyte hard drive, Apple SuperDrive and chetyrёhskorostnoy CD-ROM drive. Supports resolutions up to 800 × 600 and 16-bit color.
Total has sold 11601 computers on one piece got Wozniak and Jobs. Today TAM has a high collection value in certain circles loyal fans Apple.
In 1997, Steve Jobs as a result of the acquisition "by Apple» NeXT Software was again among the native environment. This was beneficial for him - NeXT no longer produces its perfect but too expensive for the consumer market and computers shrank to a small company of 240 people, the supplied software. After that, Apple launched a variety of personnel changes, everything moved, from something refused to listen to something, despite the fact that Jobs was listed as a consultant only. During the years at the helm of Apple, Jobs was able to change beyond recognition.
Whether it was for the better? Definitely, yes, this may indicate at least the end of the nineties, increasing fussiness and often disastrous exhibits cemetery art, we can see above.
This is also the financial performance: for twelve years without one of its creators Apple's share in the market fell from 16 percent to 4, and with Jobs Cupertino-based company was the most expensive in the history of mankind .
By materilov ABC News , книги The Apple Revolution , Wikipedia.org and Engadget .
Source: geektimes.ru/post/241178/
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