Evolution of Communication

For me personally there is nothing more pleasant to be on a business trip in some other city, and after a busy day with a cup of tea beer with fish and colleagues to talk to different abstract themes. One of these nights we tried to restore the evolution of communication technologies and a list of names of people who gave impetus to his genius of our frenzied world information. What could remember - under the cut. But I got the impression that we have missed a lot. Therefore, forward comments and interesting stories from you, dear Habrovtsy.

Remembering began in ancient times ... The party was in full swing when we began to recall the development of communication technologies. The main idea - to remember everything that somehow was aimed at information transmission between people. The first thing to remember all (seeing into the room colleague, whom we sent for the next portion of the foam tea) - a messenger or herald.

From the Stone Age begins history exchange information messages. Then the information is transmitted to the smoke of fires, strikes a signal drum sounds of pipes through a developed network of signal towers. Later they began to send messengers oral news. Perhaps this is the first and most effective way to convey an urgent message between people. This messenger memorized "letter" from the words of the sender, and then retold it to the recipient. Egypt, Persia, Rome, the Incas - had developed, well-organized post. The dusty roads day and night cruised messengers. They were replaced or changed horses at the purpose-built stations. Actually, from the Latin expression «mansio pozita ...» - «Station in paragraph ..." and there was the word "mail". 2500 years ago, has already been used a relay method of transmitting messages from messenger to messenger. In the last quarter of the IX., Almost in the very early days of the Kievan Rus, the foundations Russian mail - one of the oldest in Europe. In one row with her time of occurrence can be put only communication service UK and Spain. Individual stands out фельдъегерская Service , whose history in Russia has more than two centuries. However, this is a special kind of communication that served only government officials and the military.

Vintage letters - a recognized pattern of communication culture of people. Produces specialty paper, perfumes for impregnation envelopes cliche, sealing wax and seals - it was all in the order of things and write a letter to another person is a whole ritual.

pigeon How fast would not be the messenger - he did not keep up with the bird. Huge contribution to the dialogue of people have pigeons. Kind of Short Message Service - for pigeon could carry a small load, a short letter or no letter. However, the pigeon was very effective information channel that used policies, brokers, military and even the common people.

Options devaysa Flight range - up to 1500 km. ( competition go with a maximum distance of 800 km.)
Speed ​​- up to 100 km / h
Terms trip - any (rain, snow, not how much)
Service life - up to 10-15 years (with good care)
Price - $ 100 (the most expensive pigeon Danish syubian named «Dolce Vita» was recently sold for 329 thousand dollars)
Passport most expensive pigeon (identification is the pupil bird) Almost any pigeon can be mail. These birds have an amazing ability to find their way to the nest, but on condition that he was born there and stood on the wing and spent about 1 year. After that, the pigeon can find the way to home from anywhere, but the maximum distance can not be 1500 km. So far it is not clear as pigeons oriented in space. There is opinion , they are sensitive to the magnetic field of the Earth and infrasound. They also help the sun and stars. However, there are drawbacks. Pigeon - simplex. Pigeons can not fly back and forth. They are able to return only the parent nest. Therefore pigeons for informational purposes only taken away in special cells or machines to another location, where it was necessary to establish a "news channel".
There are probably thousands of stories and legends about the role played by pigeons in a person's life. One of these about the Rothschild family. News of the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815 was obtained through Nathan Rothschild dove for two days before the official news that enabled him to successfully lead the campaign on the exchange with the French securities and receive 40 million dollars in profits from the transaction in the prices of 1815! Even in our day is not bad. A typical example of the importance of information, especially in the financial sector.

Naval and communication The most important place for communication is the theater of war. Before the advent of the telegraph and telephone stations wired active (which is amazing and still is) used semaphore system. Both signed and light.
Semaphore, or Flag, alphabet used in the Navy since 1895. It was developed by Vice Admiral Stepan Makarov . Russian Flag alphabet contains 29 letters and three special characters and do not include numbers and punctuation marks. Sending information in this form of communication is being spelled words, and the transmission rate can reach 60-80 characters per minute. Strange, but in the Russian Navy with 2011 abolished training sailors semaphore alphabet, although in most maritime nations of the world it is a compulsory subject.
Interesting is also the alarm system using специальных flags . Used ships. Total 29 pieces, which, as I understand it, it is necessary to know everyone who goes to sea. Here, for example, the first six flags. Some very funny.

Wired connection. Telegraph, telephone, teletype ... Let's talk about the electrical systems already. Of course, start with the telegraph. One of the first attempts to create a means of communication with the use of electricity in the second half of the XVIII century, when the Лесаж in 1774 built in Geneva electrostatic telegraph. In 1798, Spanish inventor Francisco de Salva created his own design electrostatic telegraph. Later, in 1809 the German scientist Samuel Thomas Semmering built and tested electrochemical telegraph. The first electromagnetic telegraph created a Russian scientist Pavel Schilling in 1832.


Of course, at this time began to develop rapidly wired communication infrastructure. The advent of Morse and nimble patenting phone Bell (disputes about who invented the still very principle of the phone still not extinguished < / a>) has led to the first wave of informatization of the planet. It was an amazing time for the development of new technologies, which gave tens of thousands of jobs. Telephone operators, technicians, engineers, telephone and telegraph companies.

Incidentally, the telephone operator. Requirement contenders were high. The girl should be smart, have an excellent memory and pretty. Probably, such a requirement was because the heads of telephone exchanges were in those days only men.
Of course, rapidly began to develop the company's production of various telegraph equipment. Unique technology startups of the 19th century).


Of course, important for the development of communication was to introduce them to the common people. Not rarely seen such promotions on the streets. Phone booth on wheels. Just like now.


And, of course, people interested in the task of transmitting graphical information. Since the invention of the telegraph, work began on transferring images. Mainly photographs. Developed the first prototypes of fax machines. However, to make a reasonable facsimile equipment was only after the Second World War. A transfer the image on the phone and did in the sixties. Anyway, these technologies have emerged and they are no longer a surprise.

As I understand it, in the upper right corner of the eyepiece of the camera and behind the screen image transmission equipment. Cumbersome, it is seen was a system)

The invention of radio The real breakthrough came in the technology since the invention of radio. Because of this managed to get rid of wires and to liaise almost the entire planet. Of course, first of all, this technology came to the military. Almost immediately, the radio began to replace the telegraph wire. But, of course, not right away. The first radio equipment was undependable and extremely expensive.

The transfer of the speech information was impossible. Used only telegraph Morse code, but it was a real miracle.
Of course, thanks to the invention of radio, we owe the emergence of voice radios and cordless phones, then paging and cellular communication. Apart is the invention of television and the emergence of information networks, which are crowned communication technology in our modern view.

Finally ... Here are my personal heroes dozen Evolution communication. Many of you know, and some you may not know. In any case - it is worthy of the people of his time, which mankind will never forget. Let a little pathetic, but it's really true!



Source: habrahabr.ru/post/234959/