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Victory of the Russian squadron at Cape Tendra (1790)
September 11 marked another Day of military glory of Russia - Victory Day of the Russian squadron Rear Admiral Fyodor Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra.
Victory at Cape Tendra in a military campaign in 1790 will provide a strong dominance of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia began a new Russian-Turkish war. Russian troops launched an offensive in the area of the Danube. To help them Galernaya Flotilla was formed. However, to make the transition from Kherson in the war zone, it could not because of the presence of the Black Sea in the west of the Turkish fleet. The aid flotilla left the squadron of Rear Admiral FF Ushakova.Imeya under his command 10 battleships, 6 frigates, 17 cruise ships, bombing ship, repetichnoe ship and two fire-ship on August 25, he left Sevastopol and headed to Ochakov to connect to the rowing fleet, and to give battle to the enemy.
The commander of the Turkish fleet, Hasan Pasha, gathered in a fist all his strength between Gadzhibeem (now Odessa) and Cape Tendra, craved revenge for the defeat in the battle of Kerch strait 8 (19) July 1790 its determination to fight the enemy, he was able to convince the Sultan Soon defeat Russian naval forces in the Black Sea and the deserved his favor. Selim III to give allegiance to the aid of his friends and relatives (Hasan Pasha was married to the sister of the Sultan) experienced admiral Said Bey, intending to turn the tide of the sea in favor of Turkey.
August 28
On the morning of August 28 the Turkish fleet of 14 battleships, 8 frigates and 23 other vessels continued to be anchored between Cape Tendra and Gadzhibeem. And suddenly from Sevastopol Hasan he discovered Russian ships sailing under full sail stowed in the order of three columns. The emergence of Russian Turks led to confusion. Despite the superiority of forces, they quickly began to cut the ropes and retreat in disorder to the Danube. Ushakov ordered to bear all the sails and while remaining in the stowed warrant, went down on the enemy. Leading Turkish ships filled the sails, removing a considerable distance. But, seeing the danger hovering over the rear guard, Hasan Pasha became connected with him and build a line of battle. Ushakov, continuing rapprochement with the enemy, and gave the order to rebuild in the battle line. As a result, the Russian ships "highly debatable" lined up in battle formation in the wind from the Turks.
Using justify himself in the Kerch battle a change in the order of battle, Fyodor brought out of the line of three frigates - "John Voinstvennik", "Jerome" and "Protection of the Virgin" for maneuvering reserve in case of change of wind and possible at the same time attack the enemy on both sides. At 15 o'clock, going to the enemy at a distance of canister shot, FF Ushakov urged him to fight. And soon under heavy Russian fire line the enemy began to shy away from the wind, and come to the disorder. Coming closer, Russian forcefully hit the front of the Turkish fleet. Flagship Ushakov "Christmas" was fighting with the three ships of the enemy, forcing them to leave the line.
By 17 hours, all the Turkish line was finally broken. Pressed Russian, advanced enemy ships turned their stern to get out of combat. Their example was followed by the rest of the court, which became the result of this maneuver advanced. During turning on them was made of powerful volleys, they have caused great destruction. Particularly affected two flagship Turkish ships that were against the "Nativity" and "Transfiguration of the Lord." On the Turkish flagship, were shot down by the main-topsail, killed yards, topmast and destroyed the aft part. The battle lasted. Three Turkish ships were cut off from the main force and aft Hasan Pashinsky ship blown to splinters Russian nuclei. The enemy fled in the direction of the Danube. Ushakov pursued him until darkness until the wind and the efforts to stop the chase and forced to anchor. August 29
At dawn the next day it was found that Turkish ships are in the vicinity of the Russian frigate that "Ambrose" and all was among the enemy fleet. But as the flags have not been raised, then the Turks took it for his own. Resourcefulness commander - Captain MN Neledinsky - helped him to get out of such a difficult situation. Starring anchor with other Turkish ships, he continued to follow them without raising the flag. Little by little behind, Neledinsky wait until the danger was over, he picked up the flag of St. Andrew and went to his fleet. Ushakov gave the command to raise the anchor and start the sail to a pursuit of the enemy, who, with the windward side, began to scatter in different directions. However, the Turkish fleet lagged badly damaged 74-gun ship "Kapudaniya", which was the flagship of Said Bey, and a 66-gun "Meleki Bahri." The latter, having lost their commander Kara-Ali, who was killed kernel, surrendered without a fight, and "Kapudaniya" trying to break away from persecution, directed his course to the shallow water, separated the fairway between Kinburn and Gadzhibeem. The chase was sent by the commander of the vanguard Captain brigadier rank GK Golenkin with two ships and two frigates. The ship "St. Andrew "first caught" Kapudaniyu "and opened fire. Soon he arrived, "St. George ", and after him -" Transfiguration of Christ "and a few vessels. Coming out of the wind and carrying a volley, they succeeded each other.
Ship Said Bey was practically surrounded, but continued to bravely defend. Ushakov, seeing useless stubbornness of the enemy, in the 14 hours up to him at a distance of 30 yards, knocked him to the mast and all gave way to follow him, "St. George ". Soon the "Christmas" again stood broadside against the nose of the Turkish flagship in preparation for the next volley. But then, seeing my despair, the flagship of the Turkish flag lowered. Russian sailors entered on board already in flames enemy ship in the first place trying to select for planting in the boat officers. With heavy wind and thick smoke last boat with a greater risk of re-approached the board and took Said Bey, after which the ship blew up with the rest of the crew and the treasury of the Turkish fleet. Explosion great admiral ship in front of the Turkish fleet made a strong impression on the Turks and set up a moral victory, extracted Ushakov at Tendra. Enhances wind damage and rigging were not allowed to continue the pursuit of the enemy Ushakov. Russian Commander gave the order to stop the chase and to connect with Liman squadron. Total
The two-day naval battle of the enemy suffered a crushing defeat, having lost two battleships, brigantine, Lanson and plavbatareyu. Warrants GA Potemkin Black Sea Admiralty Board was announced: "The famous victory won by the Black Sea Fleet Her Imperial Majesty, led by Rear Admiral Ushakov in 29 days last August over the Turkish fleet, which is completely broken, is especial to the honor and glory of the Black Sea Fleet. Yes, these things fit into a memorable event in the logs of the Black Sea Admiralty reign to the continual remembrance of the brave exploits of the Black Sea Fleet. " Rear Admiral Fyodor Ushakov was awarded the Order of St. George 2nd class.
I have everything.
Vicki
Source:
Victory at Cape Tendra in a military campaign in 1790 will provide a strong dominance of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia began a new Russian-Turkish war. Russian troops launched an offensive in the area of the Danube. To help them Galernaya Flotilla was formed. However, to make the transition from Kherson in the war zone, it could not because of the presence of the Black Sea in the west of the Turkish fleet. The aid flotilla left the squadron of Rear Admiral FF Ushakova.Imeya under his command 10 battleships, 6 frigates, 17 cruise ships, bombing ship, repetichnoe ship and two fire-ship on August 25, he left Sevastopol and headed to Ochakov to connect to the rowing fleet, and to give battle to the enemy.
The commander of the Turkish fleet, Hasan Pasha, gathered in a fist all his strength between Gadzhibeem (now Odessa) and Cape Tendra, craved revenge for the defeat in the battle of Kerch strait 8 (19) July 1790 its determination to fight the enemy, he was able to convince the Sultan Soon defeat Russian naval forces in the Black Sea and the deserved his favor. Selim III to give allegiance to the aid of his friends and relatives (Hasan Pasha was married to the sister of the Sultan) experienced admiral Said Bey, intending to turn the tide of the sea in favor of Turkey.
August 28
On the morning of August 28 the Turkish fleet of 14 battleships, 8 frigates and 23 other vessels continued to be anchored between Cape Tendra and Gadzhibeem. And suddenly from Sevastopol Hasan he discovered Russian ships sailing under full sail stowed in the order of three columns. The emergence of Russian Turks led to confusion. Despite the superiority of forces, they quickly began to cut the ropes and retreat in disorder to the Danube. Ushakov ordered to bear all the sails and while remaining in the stowed warrant, went down on the enemy. Leading Turkish ships filled the sails, removing a considerable distance. But, seeing the danger hovering over the rear guard, Hasan Pasha became connected with him and build a line of battle. Ushakov, continuing rapprochement with the enemy, and gave the order to rebuild in the battle line. As a result, the Russian ships "highly debatable" lined up in battle formation in the wind from the Turks.
Using justify himself in the Kerch battle a change in the order of battle, Fyodor brought out of the line of three frigates - "John Voinstvennik", "Jerome" and "Protection of the Virgin" for maneuvering reserve in case of change of wind and possible at the same time attack the enemy on both sides. At 15 o'clock, going to the enemy at a distance of canister shot, FF Ushakov urged him to fight. And soon under heavy Russian fire line the enemy began to shy away from the wind, and come to the disorder. Coming closer, Russian forcefully hit the front of the Turkish fleet. Flagship Ushakov "Christmas" was fighting with the three ships of the enemy, forcing them to leave the line.
By 17 hours, all the Turkish line was finally broken. Pressed Russian, advanced enemy ships turned their stern to get out of combat. Their example was followed by the rest of the court, which became the result of this maneuver advanced. During turning on them was made of powerful volleys, they have caused great destruction. Particularly affected two flagship Turkish ships that were against the "Nativity" and "Transfiguration of the Lord." On the Turkish flagship, were shot down by the main-topsail, killed yards, topmast and destroyed the aft part. The battle lasted. Three Turkish ships were cut off from the main force and aft Hasan Pashinsky ship blown to splinters Russian nuclei. The enemy fled in the direction of the Danube. Ushakov pursued him until darkness until the wind and the efforts to stop the chase and forced to anchor. August 29
At dawn the next day it was found that Turkish ships are in the vicinity of the Russian frigate that "Ambrose" and all was among the enemy fleet. But as the flags have not been raised, then the Turks took it for his own. Resourcefulness commander - Captain MN Neledinsky - helped him to get out of such a difficult situation. Starring anchor with other Turkish ships, he continued to follow them without raising the flag. Little by little behind, Neledinsky wait until the danger was over, he picked up the flag of St. Andrew and went to his fleet. Ushakov gave the command to raise the anchor and start the sail to a pursuit of the enemy, who, with the windward side, began to scatter in different directions. However, the Turkish fleet lagged badly damaged 74-gun ship "Kapudaniya", which was the flagship of Said Bey, and a 66-gun "Meleki Bahri." The latter, having lost their commander Kara-Ali, who was killed kernel, surrendered without a fight, and "Kapudaniya" trying to break away from persecution, directed his course to the shallow water, separated the fairway between Kinburn and Gadzhibeem. The chase was sent by the commander of the vanguard Captain brigadier rank GK Golenkin with two ships and two frigates. The ship "St. Andrew "first caught" Kapudaniyu "and opened fire. Soon he arrived, "St. George ", and after him -" Transfiguration of Christ "and a few vessels. Coming out of the wind and carrying a volley, they succeeded each other.
Ship Said Bey was practically surrounded, but continued to bravely defend. Ushakov, seeing useless stubbornness of the enemy, in the 14 hours up to him at a distance of 30 yards, knocked him to the mast and all gave way to follow him, "St. George ". Soon the "Christmas" again stood broadside against the nose of the Turkish flagship in preparation for the next volley. But then, seeing my despair, the flagship of the Turkish flag lowered. Russian sailors entered on board already in flames enemy ship in the first place trying to select for planting in the boat officers. With heavy wind and thick smoke last boat with a greater risk of re-approached the board and took Said Bey, after which the ship blew up with the rest of the crew and the treasury of the Turkish fleet. Explosion great admiral ship in front of the Turkish fleet made a strong impression on the Turks and set up a moral victory, extracted Ushakov at Tendra. Enhances wind damage and rigging were not allowed to continue the pursuit of the enemy Ushakov. Russian Commander gave the order to stop the chase and to connect with Liman squadron. Total
The two-day naval battle of the enemy suffered a crushing defeat, having lost two battleships, brigantine, Lanson and plavbatareyu. Warrants GA Potemkin Black Sea Admiralty Board was announced: "The famous victory won by the Black Sea Fleet Her Imperial Majesty, led by Rear Admiral Ushakov in 29 days last August over the Turkish fleet, which is completely broken, is especial to the honor and glory of the Black Sea Fleet. Yes, these things fit into a memorable event in the logs of the Black Sea Admiralty reign to the continual remembrance of the brave exploits of the Black Sea Fleet. " Rear Admiral Fyodor Ushakov was awarded the Order of St. George 2nd class.
I have everything.
Vicki
Source:
