Jungar Trap

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The fact that the experts of the Kazakhstan Ministry of Emergency Situations carried out in the mountains south of the Jungar Alatau unique geological engineering operation Kazakh media have already written. But the information was fragmented, in addition, there were no high-quality photographs of the place. Back in 1996, using images taken by orbiting satellites, scientists of the Kazakhstan Institute of Geography found in the upper reaches of the river Horgos border huge glacial lake. Last summer there landed research expedition, many experts were shocked: at any moment could occur a catastrophic mudslide. The lake is named Trap. Gregory Bedenko within two months studied in detail the topic, having been there, where no one had gone before TV journalist





1. Who is in the vicinity of the Kazakh-Chinese border crossing "Horgos" to build an international center of border cooperation (ICBC). And on this side and on the other side of the border erected settlements with all necessary infrastructure. The most important task - to maximize trade and border crossing to turn into a major transit and logistics center between China and the rest of Eurasia



Management of MES and "KazSeleZashshita" regularly flies here, using MI-171 "Kazaviaspas"



3. ICBC invested a lot of money today, we are talking about hundreds of millions of dollars. Center for the CBC building very quickly. But the design of its major buildings, in fact, at the mouth of the river, for some reason, no one has provided the probability of debris flows and floods that may occur in the basin of Khorgos



4. helicopter Spectacular picture of a giant construction site in the bare steppe



5. It is already stretched branch railway, road building bridges and roads



6. Major junctions



7. Horgos relocated people who will be working in ICBC



8. In Soviet times, these places are constantly inhabited only by border guards and the military. And natural disasters were not the most important threat



9. Today Horgos not know ...



10. The Chinese construction times bigger ...



11. Celestial came to our borders with all its power and comfort



12. We ask the crew to pass along the border. On the Chinese side has already built a city of 80 thousand inhabitants



13. Construction of new terminals



14 Chinese construction workers are working with enthusiasm ...



15. ... and always in a good mood ...



16. ... and it's all in the immediate vicinity of the border, which runs along the river Khorgos



17. Tohtarbek Askarovich Baymoldaev, Head of State "KazSeleZashshita":

 - Two years ago, at Horgos I have passed mudflow, which carried all available at the time defenses. After that, the government decided to develop and implement a project for the protection of ICBC from possible natural disasters of this kind



18. The cleaning and strengthening the river bed. They allocated 520 million tenge



19. The bed of Khorgos expand and strengthen over ten kilometers. Its width is now 100 meters and a depth of 6



20. But the main danger lurking in the mountains



21. In the upper reaches of Khorgos we were at the second attempt - the weather in the glacier area of ​​Jungar Alatau is very changeable. Mi-171 sits on a platform "KazSeleZashshita" near the village of Lesnovka. It Usek Valley, which is located about 20 kilometers from Zharkent. The crew unloads container, which must be drained almost half of the fuel tanks. This is 1300 liters



22. We have to climb almost 4500 meters. The lifting force of the rotor at such heights falls, so appreciate every kilogram of cargo on board



23. While there is a discharge of fuel, the helicopter approaches the truck. From this beginning to overload the helicopter bags of ammonium nitrate



24. A total of 20 bags of 50 kilograms. The charge per tonne. Bags neatly stacked on the right side of the helicopter



25. After some time, the helicopter off the ground hard. The crew guides the car in the river valley Usek



26. We tacked operator safety belt and take off through the open door. The landscape is rapidly changing bottom



27.



28. Jungar Alatau has very steep and deep gorges. There are many full-flowing rivers and a large number of lakes



30. The height of more than four thousand. It starts a little dizzy, hard to breathe. In the face spurts of icy air



31. Mountainous area of ​​permafrost, or as it is called - moraine. Glaciers do not last forever, they have a period of formation, melting and destruction. These periods last for thousands of years. The final phase - the formation of moraine lakes that now takes place in Zhetysu and Jungar Alatau. Total found in the basin of Khorgos 38 glacial lakes. 21 of them - on the Chinese side. The rest of our



32. Such lakes increase in volume at the beginning of July to mid-August. Then, the temperature in the mountains is reduced and the melting of glaciers slowing



34. We are approaching the Chinese border. At the bottom of the lake Beskol, mountains right behind it - this is China. Below - the valley of the river Khorgos



35. And finally, we come to our destination. I feel a light aesthetic shock. It turns out that trap - this is not one lake, and the system of five ponds, cascaded



36. The major danger is lake №2. Just below is a field camp "KazSeleZashshita" consisting of two tents and yurts. Height - 3450 meters above sea level



37. The name "trap" have come up with glaciologists from the Kazakhstan Institute of Geography. Right - China. On the left and front - impassable mountain passes. If we imagine that someone independently reached this point, then he will not be able to go - if the trap was. Riding up to the inhabited places here - from three to five days' journey. Jumper Lake consists of granite and ice pellets. If the ice melts, the entire moraine will slide down along the lake



38. When scientists first got to the lake, they have experienced a real shock. The lake stretched for almost a kilometer moraine. His initial depth was 42 meters, the volume of 3, 7 million cubic meters. Compared to this giant lake on the glacier Manshuk Mametova about which so much talk today, it looks like harmless puddle



39. If the trap will burst, the huge mass of water rush down the path of "collecting" other lakes cascade and Beskol and Kazankol. The mudflow - a mix of water, mud, ice, rocks, tree trunks, and all that comes in his way. Moreover, rushing down with great speed, rural inertia winds on the extra weight. According to specialists' KazSeleZashshita, "the inhabited places of Khorgos a mudslide can be reached with such volume that it could contain only the dam, like the one that is built on the Medeo



40. In places where there are no roads, not build a dam. The only way to reduce the risk - to reduce the volume of the lake and did not give it to overflow



41. The major danger is the jumper. It is very weak, as mentioned above, consists of granite and ice. The higher the level of the lake, the more likely that water will melt the ice. The crew makes a circle over the lake. The black rings - a plastic pipe section 200 millimeters. With their help, pumping water from the lake, using the siphon principle. The pipe is lowered into the lake bottom running pump, sucking the water. When the tube is filled, the pump is turned off and the water is gravity. A total of ten traps such pipes. The second through them pumped 60 liters of water. For two months the work of specialists "KazSeleZashshita" managed to even the first flow of water from the glacier with the volumes that went from the lake. Now 3, 7 million cubic meters of the original volume remained 2, 1 million cubic meters. But also poses a risk of the remaining amount. Therefore work will continue next year



42. Having made a circle over the lake, our helicopter lands on a platform near the camp



43. It is necessary to quickly unload the car



44. The lake is constantly employs 25 people. Working conditions are very harsh. Little oxygen, every movement is given with difficulty. Some workers hurts "gornyashka" - acute mountain sickness, the symptoms - headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness. People change every two weeks. The camp will be minimized only when the snow falls



45. At such altitudes much ultraviolet, so the guys have built themselves improvised balaclavas. It looks pretty funny



46. ​​The food group is preparing a girl named Toty



47. We are led to the edge of the lake



48. Here prepare the so-called "evacuation channel"



49. It works on the principle of "cracked glass". The water in the lake will not rise above the bottom edge of the channel



50. Channel deepened with directed blasts using. That's why we brought here ammonium nitrate



51. We waste at a minimum safe distance - about 500 meters from the blast site. Tohtarbek Baymoldaev instructs undermining charge



52. The explosion as from the crater of the volcano, rises into the air several tens of tons of stones. They drifted to the middle of the pond. Behind someone yells that if we observe flying in our direction a piece of granite, it is necessary to quickly lie down under the nearest boulder. Fortunately, everything worked out



53. In this picture you can see how it was possible to lower the lake level. Before it reached the ice tongue. It pumps out about 2 million tons of water. If work is not performed, the next two or three years, the volume of the lake could reach six million cubic meters of



54. In the meantime, experts examine the scene of the explosion



55. Another worker on the boat checks pipes - whether they are not damaged by falling stones. All right



56. Glacier "trap" - is 41 million cubic meters of the purest ice



57. Go down and about half an hour waiting for a helicopter



58. The vegetation is sparse on the moraine, but a very peculiar



59. Some species of mosses and lichens have a seasonal cycle of vegetation



60. yellowed moss looks aesthetically



61. Psychedelic stone with drawings of lichens, like the album of children's coloring books



62. Autumn in Dzhungaria gold!



63. Pass passes with beautiful lakes ...



64. ... and half-frozen rivers.



65. Through the golden valley leave the plain



66. Khorgos - corn is also the capital of Kazakhstan! Now there is a harvest



67. Corn mountains are in every yard!



68. People live their measured life without thinking about the dangers that lurk in the distant glaciers Dzhungaria.



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