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Wastewater treatment plants
Construction of the sewage system (local wastewater treatment plants ) in a country house is important as water and electricity. In homes that do not have access to the network and sewage treatment plants, the homeowner should decide the issue construction of wastewater treatment plants. In the world of the most important priority is to preserve the environment. Discharge of untreated wastewater containing organic and bacterial contamination, and nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, poses a threat to the ecological well-being of the environment. Therefore, the relevance in Russia acquire local treatment facilities. In France, more than 35% of homes use local wastewater treatment plants. The reason for that is unprofitable to connect to the network of treatment facilities distant cities, small villages far from major cities.
Local treatment facilities - equipment, cleaning waste water and allows you to reset them, according to all standards of the environment.
Under sewage, which are sent to local treatment facilities are meant:
storm sewage;
domestic sewage;
waste water drainage.
Domestic wastewater is divided into gray (water, after washing and laundry) and black (water after using the toilet), the share of this type of wastewater - 30% of the total wastewater.
Criteria for placement of the local wastewater treatment plant
An important criterion for the allocation of local wastewater treatment plant is a safe distance from the ground water and water intakes. Such a requirement is primarily due to the threat of the spread of pathogens. Distance to water intake should be at least 30 m and 1, 5 m to the groundwater level.
Another criterion of the location of local treatment facilities is the distance to the neighbor's territory, building, tree, which must be at least 3 m.
The composition of the local sewage treatment plants depends on many factors:
volume of wastewater
nature polluted wastewater
mode of living
soil type
features of the terrain
groundwater level
financial capacity
The principle of operation of local treatment facilities.
The principle of operation of local treatment facilities is phased wastewater treatment in several chambers, where the preliminary and final cleaning. In a first step the local wastewater treatment plants fed into the septic tank (specific capacity) where anaerobic conditions (without oxygen), organic contamination is decomposed, i.e. Fermentation is a process during which the part is removed dirt and is collected at the bottom of another container. The residence time of waste water in the first stage of local treatment facilities (septic tank) should be at least three days. To this volume is calculated from the septic tank wastewater volume three days. For example, in the house four residents each has 250 liters of water per day, the amount of waste water is 1 m3 per day. The fermentation process in the septic tank - anaerobic, so in the course of treatment at wastewater treatment plants is an allocation of biogas.
At the exit of the first stage of treatment facilities - septic tank wastewater is treated by an average of 65%.
Next, the wastewater sent to the next stage of treatment facilities (tertiary treatment). Additional cleaning can be carried out on the filter or in the natural soil.
Treatment facilities using filters
As the load of filters used in water treatment expanded clay, crushed coke and others. Pellet filter material formed biofilm oxidizing organic wastewater pollution. The advantage of this solution is the simplicity of the device and the independence of the local conditions, the disadvantage - a small degree of oxidation due to poor aeration load carried by natural means, the cleaning effect is low, not exceeding 90%, and the penetration of the release of treated wastewater (need to install pumping equipment). < br />
Sewage treatment plants using trench
Filtering wastewater treatment plants such carried out with the device filter settings trench at the top of which is laid in gravel sprinkled irrigation pipe, then you are downloading from the sand at the bottom of the drain pipe. The advantages of this construction before the filter is a great oxidizing power due to considerable length trench (20-25 m) and a correspondingly high degree of purification (95-98%).
Manufacturers wastewater treatment plant
Produced by Russian and foreign companies the local wastewater treatment plants can be divided according to the degree of wastewater treatment in the setting of incomplete treatment, complete biological cleaning and deep cleaning. Many technological processes complemented difference layout solutions treatment facilities (accommodation facilities in a single unit or separately in wells or tanks located relative to the ground level, etc., etc.).
In combination with a variety of materials of construction for local treatment facilities (plastic, metal, concrete), these features are responsible for a wide variety of water treatment plants, manufactured by different companies.
Local treatment facilities - equipment, cleaning waste water and allows you to reset them, according to all standards of the environment.
Under sewage, which are sent to local treatment facilities are meant:
storm sewage;
domestic sewage;
waste water drainage.
Domestic wastewater is divided into gray (water, after washing and laundry) and black (water after using the toilet), the share of this type of wastewater - 30% of the total wastewater.
Criteria for placement of the local wastewater treatment plant
An important criterion for the allocation of local wastewater treatment plant is a safe distance from the ground water and water intakes. Such a requirement is primarily due to the threat of the spread of pathogens. Distance to water intake should be at least 30 m and 1, 5 m to the groundwater level.
Another criterion of the location of local treatment facilities is the distance to the neighbor's territory, building, tree, which must be at least 3 m.
The composition of the local sewage treatment plants depends on many factors:
volume of wastewater
nature polluted wastewater
mode of living
soil type
features of the terrain
groundwater level
financial capacity
The principle of operation of local treatment facilities.
The principle of operation of local treatment facilities is phased wastewater treatment in several chambers, where the preliminary and final cleaning. In a first step the local wastewater treatment plants fed into the septic tank (specific capacity) where anaerobic conditions (without oxygen), organic contamination is decomposed, i.e. Fermentation is a process during which the part is removed dirt and is collected at the bottom of another container. The residence time of waste water in the first stage of local treatment facilities (septic tank) should be at least three days. To this volume is calculated from the septic tank wastewater volume three days. For example, in the house four residents each has 250 liters of water per day, the amount of waste water is 1 m3 per day. The fermentation process in the septic tank - anaerobic, so in the course of treatment at wastewater treatment plants is an allocation of biogas.
At the exit of the first stage of treatment facilities - septic tank wastewater is treated by an average of 65%.
Next, the wastewater sent to the next stage of treatment facilities (tertiary treatment). Additional cleaning can be carried out on the filter or in the natural soil.
Treatment facilities using filters
As the load of filters used in water treatment expanded clay, crushed coke and others. Pellet filter material formed biofilm oxidizing organic wastewater pollution. The advantage of this solution is the simplicity of the device and the independence of the local conditions, the disadvantage - a small degree of oxidation due to poor aeration load carried by natural means, the cleaning effect is low, not exceeding 90%, and the penetration of the release of treated wastewater (need to install pumping equipment). < br />
Sewage treatment plants using trench
Filtering wastewater treatment plants such carried out with the device filter settings trench at the top of which is laid in gravel sprinkled irrigation pipe, then you are downloading from the sand at the bottom of the drain pipe. The advantages of this construction before the filter is a great oxidizing power due to considerable length trench (20-25 m) and a correspondingly high degree of purification (95-98%).
Manufacturers wastewater treatment plant
Produced by Russian and foreign companies the local wastewater treatment plants can be divided according to the degree of wastewater treatment in the setting of incomplete treatment, complete biological cleaning and deep cleaning. Many technological processes complemented difference layout solutions treatment facilities (accommodation facilities in a single unit or separately in wells or tanks located relative to the ground level, etc., etc.).
In combination with a variety of materials of construction for local treatment facilities (plastic, metal, concrete), these features are responsible for a wide variety of water treatment plants, manufactured by different companies.
