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How to build a CELLAR with high groundwater level
Flooding of the cellar – a very urgent problem for sites with high groundwater level. If cellar was built a long time ago, probably without compliance with specific rules for waterproofing.
The construction of cellars under high groundwater level, it is possible, but you need to follow some rules and recommendations to ensure trouble-free operation of the storage facility for many years.
Do the drainage system
At high ground water level any work on the device of the cellar complicated by the fact that in these conditions the soil becomes very heavy and viscous. That is why the creation of drainage where you will be building is a must.
The principle of drainage.
How to make the circular drainage
To drain the water first, digging a trench in which perforated pipes are laid. Drains can be purchased at the store or make your own hands. Of course, it is recommended to select the store option (especially since the cost of such tubes is not too high). The holes in the pipes should have a checkerboard pattern.
Before putting the pipe in the trenches creates a bed of gravel (you can also use gravel) with a thickness of 10-15 cm, which is laid geosynthetics. Geosynthetics you can choose any. Today the market offers a wide variety of such materials, intended for different tasks.
Next, arranged the pipe and wrap the laid geotextile.
One of the most important elements of the engineering system can be called two wells: observation and cumulative. Well, if in your area you can get water in a nearby pond. If this is not possible, you have to mount the additional tank.
When perched, the pipes must be located completely in the water. When changing the groundwater level with the installation of the drainage system in the trench could be quite dry.
As soon as the water starts to go gradually, you can begin the next phase of work – digging a hole for the cellar.
Cellar iron box
The metal frame can be made in the form of a trough with sides, the height of which will depend on the specific operating conditions and level of flooding. On the sides you want to include mounting wings, for which the box can be removed from the repository.
In the corner of the box at the bottom it is necessary to weld a metal pipe to make it to the faucet. This mandatory element of the structure must be located at the end of the pipe with a height of not less than 50 cm.
After that, the box should be decontaminated and paint. The first thing you want to make the processing of phosphoric acid, then covered with red lead for iron.
After installing the boxes in the pit, the valve opens and water gets inside. Next, the valve closes and the water is pumped.
The outside needs to be made more waterproof, which will prevent rusting and the manifestation of corrosion. If at this stage everything is done correctly, the box will last for decades (and will never leakage).
Upon completion, the box is lowered into pre-dug pit. At high groundwater level and perched in the pit there will always be water. If the formwork for the walls of the pit did not, then the height of the box must exceed the depth of the pit. Otherwise, when high groundwater table, the wall of the pit will soon be destroyed by the water. In the pit down the box when you open the tap. He will gradually sink to the bottom, and the water will flow into the inner space.
Once the box is locked at the bottom, it must be strengthened with the help of the concreting of the outer wings. Then made the pumping of water and open the faucet. To do this, use any pump.
At the end of the run, some extra work is the cover of the cellar, mounted the stairs.
Similarly, you can arrange a viewing hole for the machine if, for example, a garage located in a zone of high groundwater levels.
Cellar monolithic concrete
As soon as water at the site will not be required to dig a hole under the cellar of the required depth. You need to keep in mind that with the deepening of more than 2 meters have to do the formwork to reinforce the walls of the pit. She will also be required in cases where the soil is clayey. In wet soil, very often there are landslides.
Make a base
Digging a trench to the desired depth, it is necessary to flatten the bottom. Before you can build a cellar on the ground with high groundwater level, it is necessary to think about the material for its floor.
The first thing you need to lay a waterproof material (will fit any modern), after which it is cover with several layers of roofing material or durable plastic.
The next stage is sand and gravel dumping. The first layer is 5-10 cm, the second a little more. Gravel and sand it is necessary properly compacted. If the compaction will be made of poor quality, in the future, this would adversely affect the operation of the cellar. Therefore, each construction phase should be given due attention.
The formwork must be made to the top of the pit. After its construction the walls must be covered with plastic or roofing material. To cover the best overlap of approximately 10-15 cm Roofing felt should be laid in a clockwise direction, because this approach will simplify the pouring of concrete.
Near the walls, which support the soil, it is necessary to mount an additional internal formwork. It is definitely the inside is lined with waterproof materials. No need to do from a high internal formwork, because at low altitude it is more convenient to pour the mortar and lay the reinforcing material.
Concreted walls
The next step is the concreting of the walls of the pit: the gap between the formwork and the wall is filled with pre-cooked concrete. The proportions of such a solution is quite standard: cement and sand in the ratio 1:3.
To increase the strength of concrete inside the formwork required to lay the reinforcing network. Enough of rebar with a diameter of 10-12 mm. If reinforcing mesh is not used, it can result in serious consequences: in a few years under the pressure of the cement will begin to break down, which can lead to flooding of cellars or destruction of the walls.
The fill should be carried out in a circle and in layers. With this approach, the concrete better squeeze the cloth material, thereby to a high level will increase waterproofing of the walls.
Once the first layer will seize, it will be possible to build formwork, to style the new elements of the reinforcing network and to continue concreting. The formwork can be removed one week after the completion of the work.
Fill the bottom
At the final stage concreted the bottom of the future cellar. The base is also reinforced with an iron mesh. Of course, this action is close and does not cause such difficulties as the device casing.
After the concrete has dried and acquire the operation view the bottom, it is recommended to smear a special waterproofing mastic that can be purchased at any hardware store.
If for some reason a system of drainage previously do not work, you should look at the next method which will help to divert water from the cellar: a few metres from the pit dug out by so-called drain well. Its depth should slightly exceed the depth of the cellar. Both of the pit it is necessary to connect the drain pipe.
Then mounted the pump, which must include as necessary.
This simple solution will allow for the entire operation to maintain a cellar, located in the ground with high groundwater level, keep in a dry and neat look.
Checking groundwater levels on the site
Check the water level before you build the cellar, is quite simple. This can be done independently, without the involvement of specialists and use of professional equipment.
First of all, you need to dig at the site 4-5 pits of different depths. In cases where the groundwater comes close to the surface, at the bottom of the meter pit is sure to be accumulating water.
It is typical for many regions of our country. In such circumstances, the construction of buildings necessarily involves certain difficulties and challenges.
Groundwater, speakers at the bottom of the pit.
The high level of the groundwater table complicates not only the construction, but also a successful crop. Most fruit trees in soil that is saturated with moisture, does not take root.
To make a cellar, which would periodically not podtoplentsy not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. And this does not necessarily refer to the professionals and use special tools.
At the same time, when determining the level of groundwater it is necessary to distinguish the Bank from the main veins.
What distinguishes the Bank from the main veins?
After days of rain or melting snow in pits dug probably will accumulate a lot of water. It's bleak, which often extends to a depth of 400-500 cm to ensure that it is not groundwater, it is enough to measure the depth of the wells, which are located nearby. If it exceeds the depth of excavated pits, it is definitely perched.
In front of the main living almost always there is a layer of waterproof primer. That is why the land, which must be removed when digging the excavation for the cellar will always be raw from perched. The issue of penetration of water in storage in this case can be solved by installing an annular drainage outlet from the cellar most of the moisture.
In cases where the main aquifer lies near the surface of the earth, homeowners are faced with certain difficulties. To build a cellar here only if you are using a special metal container that would effectively protect the interior of the vault from the water. Such containers are sold at many large warehouses and stores. Of course, it can be made from metal sheets with your hands, or to build a monolithic concrete vault.
The structure of the soil
For the most accurate determination of aquifer situation on your land, you must heed the following advice:
1. Perched typical of those areas where there are loam and clay. Of course, in areas with other soil types also may be bleak, but there it manifests itself not as bright and does not cause so many problems. To make a cellar in the area with other soils will be much easier.
2. In addition, the Bank appears in those places near which dig deep pits or are building. So it makes sense to wait until all the construction work next door must be fully completed.
3. In spring and autumn, when rains and rivers overflow their banks, will be perched almost anywhere. As already mentioned, the work is best done in the summer when perched not a concern and groundwater table drops to the minimum for the whole year level.
4. From groundwater there are certain boundaries, but the water level can seriously vary. It is therefore always possible to predict the behavior of groundwater, but the vadose in this case is more complicated.
Following these simple tips you will be able to equip great storage for their harvest even in a bad, located in the lowland area.published
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Join us in Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: vk.com/vselo?w=wall-21920914_8498
The construction of cellars under high groundwater level, it is possible, but you need to follow some rules and recommendations to ensure trouble-free operation of the storage facility for many years.
Do the drainage system
At high ground water level any work on the device of the cellar complicated by the fact that in these conditions the soil becomes very heavy and viscous. That is why the creation of drainage where you will be building is a must.
The principle of drainage.
How to make the circular drainage
To drain the water first, digging a trench in which perforated pipes are laid. Drains can be purchased at the store or make your own hands. Of course, it is recommended to select the store option (especially since the cost of such tubes is not too high). The holes in the pipes should have a checkerboard pattern.
Before putting the pipe in the trenches creates a bed of gravel (you can also use gravel) with a thickness of 10-15 cm, which is laid geosynthetics. Geosynthetics you can choose any. Today the market offers a wide variety of such materials, intended for different tasks.
Next, arranged the pipe and wrap the laid geotextile.
One of the most important elements of the engineering system can be called two wells: observation and cumulative. Well, if in your area you can get water in a nearby pond. If this is not possible, you have to mount the additional tank.
When perched, the pipes must be located completely in the water. When changing the groundwater level with the installation of the drainage system in the trench could be quite dry.
As soon as the water starts to go gradually, you can begin the next phase of work – digging a hole for the cellar.
Cellar iron box
The metal frame can be made in the form of a trough with sides, the height of which will depend on the specific operating conditions and level of flooding. On the sides you want to include mounting wings, for which the box can be removed from the repository.
In the corner of the box at the bottom it is necessary to weld a metal pipe to make it to the faucet. This mandatory element of the structure must be located at the end of the pipe with a height of not less than 50 cm.
After that, the box should be decontaminated and paint. The first thing you want to make the processing of phosphoric acid, then covered with red lead for iron.
After installing the boxes in the pit, the valve opens and water gets inside. Next, the valve closes and the water is pumped.
The outside needs to be made more waterproof, which will prevent rusting and the manifestation of corrosion. If at this stage everything is done correctly, the box will last for decades (and will never leakage).
Upon completion, the box is lowered into pre-dug pit. At high groundwater level and perched in the pit there will always be water. If the formwork for the walls of the pit did not, then the height of the box must exceed the depth of the pit. Otherwise, when high groundwater table, the wall of the pit will soon be destroyed by the water. In the pit down the box when you open the tap. He will gradually sink to the bottom, and the water will flow into the inner space.
Once the box is locked at the bottom, it must be strengthened with the help of the concreting of the outer wings. Then made the pumping of water and open the faucet. To do this, use any pump.
At the end of the run, some extra work is the cover of the cellar, mounted the stairs.
Similarly, you can arrange a viewing hole for the machine if, for example, a garage located in a zone of high groundwater levels.
Cellar monolithic concrete
As soon as water at the site will not be required to dig a hole under the cellar of the required depth. You need to keep in mind that with the deepening of more than 2 meters have to do the formwork to reinforce the walls of the pit. She will also be required in cases where the soil is clayey. In wet soil, very often there are landslides.
Make a base
Digging a trench to the desired depth, it is necessary to flatten the bottom. Before you can build a cellar on the ground with high groundwater level, it is necessary to think about the material for its floor.
The first thing you need to lay a waterproof material (will fit any modern), after which it is cover with several layers of roofing material or durable plastic.
The next stage is sand and gravel dumping. The first layer is 5-10 cm, the second a little more. Gravel and sand it is necessary properly compacted. If the compaction will be made of poor quality, in the future, this would adversely affect the operation of the cellar. Therefore, each construction phase should be given due attention.
The formwork must be made to the top of the pit. After its construction the walls must be covered with plastic or roofing material. To cover the best overlap of approximately 10-15 cm Roofing felt should be laid in a clockwise direction, because this approach will simplify the pouring of concrete.
Near the walls, which support the soil, it is necessary to mount an additional internal formwork. It is definitely the inside is lined with waterproof materials. No need to do from a high internal formwork, because at low altitude it is more convenient to pour the mortar and lay the reinforcing material.
Concreted walls
The next step is the concreting of the walls of the pit: the gap between the formwork and the wall is filled with pre-cooked concrete. The proportions of such a solution is quite standard: cement and sand in the ratio 1:3.
To increase the strength of concrete inside the formwork required to lay the reinforcing network. Enough of rebar with a diameter of 10-12 mm. If reinforcing mesh is not used, it can result in serious consequences: in a few years under the pressure of the cement will begin to break down, which can lead to flooding of cellars or destruction of the walls.
The fill should be carried out in a circle and in layers. With this approach, the concrete better squeeze the cloth material, thereby to a high level will increase waterproofing of the walls.
Once the first layer will seize, it will be possible to build formwork, to style the new elements of the reinforcing network and to continue concreting. The formwork can be removed one week after the completion of the work.
Fill the bottom
At the final stage concreted the bottom of the future cellar. The base is also reinforced with an iron mesh. Of course, this action is close and does not cause such difficulties as the device casing.
After the concrete has dried and acquire the operation view the bottom, it is recommended to smear a special waterproofing mastic that can be purchased at any hardware store.
If for some reason a system of drainage previously do not work, you should look at the next method which will help to divert water from the cellar: a few metres from the pit dug out by so-called drain well. Its depth should slightly exceed the depth of the cellar. Both of the pit it is necessary to connect the drain pipe.
Then mounted the pump, which must include as necessary.
This simple solution will allow for the entire operation to maintain a cellar, located in the ground with high groundwater level, keep in a dry and neat look.
Checking groundwater levels on the site
Check the water level before you build the cellar, is quite simple. This can be done independently, without the involvement of specialists and use of professional equipment.
First of all, you need to dig at the site 4-5 pits of different depths. In cases where the groundwater comes close to the surface, at the bottom of the meter pit is sure to be accumulating water.
It is typical for many regions of our country. In such circumstances, the construction of buildings necessarily involves certain difficulties and challenges.
Groundwater, speakers at the bottom of the pit.
The high level of the groundwater table complicates not only the construction, but also a successful crop. Most fruit trees in soil that is saturated with moisture, does not take root.
To make a cellar, which would periodically not podtoplentsy not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. And this does not necessarily refer to the professionals and use special tools.
At the same time, when determining the level of groundwater it is necessary to distinguish the Bank from the main veins.
What distinguishes the Bank from the main veins?
After days of rain or melting snow in pits dug probably will accumulate a lot of water. It's bleak, which often extends to a depth of 400-500 cm to ensure that it is not groundwater, it is enough to measure the depth of the wells, which are located nearby. If it exceeds the depth of excavated pits, it is definitely perched.
In front of the main living almost always there is a layer of waterproof primer. That is why the land, which must be removed when digging the excavation for the cellar will always be raw from perched. The issue of penetration of water in storage in this case can be solved by installing an annular drainage outlet from the cellar most of the moisture.
In cases where the main aquifer lies near the surface of the earth, homeowners are faced with certain difficulties. To build a cellar here only if you are using a special metal container that would effectively protect the interior of the vault from the water. Such containers are sold at many large warehouses and stores. Of course, it can be made from metal sheets with your hands, or to build a monolithic concrete vault.
The structure of the soil
For the most accurate determination of aquifer situation on your land, you must heed the following advice:
1. Perched typical of those areas where there are loam and clay. Of course, in areas with other soil types also may be bleak, but there it manifests itself not as bright and does not cause so many problems. To make a cellar in the area with other soils will be much easier.
2. In addition, the Bank appears in those places near which dig deep pits or are building. So it makes sense to wait until all the construction work next door must be fully completed.
3. In spring and autumn, when rains and rivers overflow their banks, will be perched almost anywhere. As already mentioned, the work is best done in the summer when perched not a concern and groundwater table drops to the minimum for the whole year level.
4. From groundwater there are certain boundaries, but the water level can seriously vary. It is therefore always possible to predict the behavior of groundwater, but the vadose in this case is more complicated.
Following these simple tips you will be able to equip great storage for their harvest even in a bad, located in the lowland area.published
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Join us in Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: vk.com/vselo?w=wall-21920914_8498
