The phenomena that put science into a dead end

1. The placebo effect

Saline numb better than morphine, if you enter it after long-term use of the drug to the patient without informing him of the substitution. But it is necessary to add a salt solution, naloxone, which blocks the action of morphine as anesthetics effect disappears. Why is that science does not know. There are many other examples of the changes in the physiological and psychological state of man after receiving a harmless drug, appointed under the guise of an effective medicine.

2. The problem of the horizon

It is believed that our universe 14 billion years old, and between the extreme points, which can be seen - 28 billion years. It was found that the temperature of the background radiation is everywhere the same. Its creation would require expansion of the universe to its current size for 10-33 seconds! But could this be? Uniform "heating" remains an anomaly for science.

3. ultrasilnoy cosmic radiation

Called cosmic rays traveling at nearly the speed of light, protons (or heavy atomic nuclei) .Odin from their sources - the emergence of a supernova. The maximum possible energy cosmic rays is equal to 5? 1019 electron volts (limit Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin), if they were not born in our galaxy. Ten years ago, the first recorded particle of higher energy which did not occur in our galaxy. Whether the measurement wrong, or Einstein's special theory of relativity, but ultrastrong cosmic radiation is, and explain to him - no.

4 Belfast homeopathy results

Pharmacologist Madeleine Ennis decided to prove the absolute failure of homeopathy, but instead received a stunning result: how much would have been diluted solution with a certain drug, he continues to have medicinal properties. Even if it is contrary to common sense, because the water had not been any drug molecules. Is that the invisible trace of him.

5. Dark Matter

What is gravity, detail and talk physics textbooks. But they are silent, that if scientific theories are correct, the universe must collapse. Because in rotating galaxies enough mass for gravitational attraction creates centripetal forces. Where is the mistake? Perhaps there is a "dark matter", which shall be 90% of the mass of the universe, but to discover it did not succeed.

6. Martian methane

If the soil on Mars produces methane, there must be life. But there CH4 and life - no. It found the devices sent back to Earth: any organic molecule has been found. Scientists have stayed another way to detect life: to find a "chiral" molecule (they are mirror images of each other) and to establish their relationship. If right-handed (left-handed) molecules larger than their left-side (right-handed), then life on the red planet still exists. Or was.

7. tetraneutron

Four years ago, during the experiment found tetraneutron: four neutrons that are connected to the system. This is contrary to the Pauli exclusion principle: for two proton or neutron in one system can not be characterized by similar quantum properties, and four - the more so. In addition, nuclear power can not keep even two single neutron. Neutron stars tetraneutron confirm the existence and the whole universe - no. Because she would have collapsed, unable to expand, if such particles existed for a long time.

8. Pioneer Anomaly

Two running in the 70-ies of the spacecraft Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 were supposed to fly out of the solar system and be safely forgotten. But the acceleration of unknown origin, less than a nanometer per second squared, rejected the Pioneer 10 400 000 kilometers from the course. The same happened with the Pioneer 11. Known causes (software errors, the solar wind, fuel leaks) have been excluded. Scientists continue to speculate what caused the observed acceleration.

9. Dark energy

In 1998, it became known that the universe is expanding with increasing speed. And according to the tenets of modern physics, the speed should be reduced. One possible explanation - the dark energy (a hypothetical form of energy with negative pressure and evenly filling the entire space of the universe), which really did not know.

10. Open Kuiper

For Pluto has an asteroid belt that suddenly gives way to an absolutely empty space. One of guesswork - the existence of the tenth planet, clean the area. But it did not manage to find out, because to explore the region of the solar system with the Earth's problematic. By 2015, the New Horizons probe, sent to this mysterious place, may help explain this phenomenon.

11. The signal from space

In 1977, American astronomer Eman gave an unusual signal from the constellation of Sagittarius duration of 37 seconds. Impulse radiation had a narrow frequency band around 1420 MHz. All transfers of such frequency banned by international agreement. Natural sources of radiation have a much broader range of frequencies. Mysterious source remains unknown.

12. Irregular permanent

The light from the quasar is on its way for billions of years-long passes through interstellar clouds of metals (iron, nickel, chromium). In 1997, when his research found that it absorbed some of the quasar light photons. But not those expected. The only reasonable explanation is untested in that the fine structure constant, or alpha, had a different meaning at the time when the light passes through the clouds. But the alpha determines how light interacts with matter, and should not be changed. Its value depends on the electron charge, the speed of light and Planck's constant. What kind of constant change?

13. Cold fusion

Experiments have shown that immersion palladium electrodes in heavy water (it is connected to the oxygen-hydrogen isotope deuterium) can generate a huge amount of energy. Perhaps deuterium nuclei under the action of the voltage at the electrodes are moved to the molecular lattice of palladium and allow substances alloys with significant emission energy. But science somehow claims that fusion at room temperature is impossible!
All attempts to explain these phenomena give rise to more questions than answers.