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Falsification of photos in the Stalin era
Many probably still remember the recent scandal with photographs of the Lebanese-Israeli conflict, which are posted on its website, Reuters and admitted that one of its photographers, Adnan Hajj, used computer programs in order to distort the reality. And recently I came across an interesting album, which tells about the falsification of photographs and works of art in the Stalin era. & quot; ... The author, David King, plays, whenever possible, the original picture and retouched version, and sometimes several. For example, people disappear from the photos one by one, as they disappeared from life or from the political arena. On one print, in 1920 Lenin and Krupskaya went to open the power in Kashin and photographed with a group of kulaks (in the background) and children (in the front). After 19 years the image was erased all the adults and some children. It is clear why. You look and think: this one is laughing, he is no more. This looks startled - and there ... And then - the collapse of the book: this is not, and those destroyed, and out of those, and those ... & quot;
Some photos with the comments from the album.
Walking along the banks of the Moscow-Volga Canal. Yezhov, who before his arrest was withdrawn and the second of his high office - Commissar of Water Transport - to retouch option next to Voroshilov, Molotov and Stalin no longer exists. Many years later, Khrushchev said that Yezhov was not only an alcoholic, but a drug addict and "got what he deserved».
Top photo: party and government leaders with the artists of the Moscow Art Theatre to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the troupe, October 27, 1938.
Yezhov in the second row, fifth from the right, next to Nikita Khrushchev.
Lower picture: published in 1949, due to Stalin's seventieth birthday. Retoucher removed Yezhov and Boyarsky, the former director of the Moscow Art Theatre, at that time, too, was shot.
December 8, 1938 Yezhov was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. His successor became Beria, which is April 10, 1939 Yezhov personally arrested. A 4 February 1940 Yezhov was shot.
Above: the soldiers who came to the demonstration in the first days of the February Revolution of 1917., Petrograd, Foundry Avenue. In 1917, there were thousands of such cards. In the background is a sign of a jewelry store, "Watch. Gold and silver. " What is written on the flag, it is impossible to read.
Below: appeared in the same year version of the same picture, but vyeske jewelry store is another inscription. "In the fight you will gain Prao her." The black flag is turned white, and on it - a clear sign. "Down with the monarchy! Long live the republic! »
Lenin speaks in Petrograd, Palace Square, July 19, 1920. The picture is made known photographer, Victor Bulla, on the opening day of the 2nd Congress of the Comintern. When the photographer decided to publish again - February 17, 1924. in commemoration of Lenin's issue of the journal "Krasnaya Niva" - the editors apparently found it necessary to emphasize more the popularity of Lenin. Despite the poor quality of printing technology, it is striking that Lenin listening to the crowd is much more impressive than in the original picture. The crowd was photographed on some other occasion.
In fact, Stalin was a profound contempt for the simple working people, as evidenced by at least two variants of this photograph, taken in 1930, when Congress passed XVI of the CPSU (b). On one of the original photos izsoprovozhdayuschih helpfully shows the way the "master" (so often called Stalin). When the picture a little later opulikovali in the magazine "Spotlight" was no longer working. There is nothing to show the way to the leader. Children from Kashino
Lenin and his wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, among the well-off peasants (kulaks) of Kashino at the opening station. Photograph taken by Phil Feofanova November 14, 1920. The bottom photo was published again after nineteen years, in the midst of "cleansing". By the time the Bolsheviks destroyed almost all adult residents of the village of Kashino, sparing and indeed children.
Dark background created retouchers, sinister tone gradation.
Chapaev: Living Legend
Commanders and Commissioners of the 25th Infantry Division of Ufa in the Urals. June 9, 1919. In the center - Vasily Chapayev (with a bandaged head), a legendary commander, who died in the same year. To his left - Dmitri A. Fkrmanov, a former anarchist, here - the political commissar and writer: in his novel "Chapaev" in the 30s it was shot hudozhetsvenny film. As such, the photo was published in the magazine "Spotlight" (March 1926)., Then in 1932. in the photo album "Chapaev».
This option was found photos in the Soviet archives recently. Thanks to retouching and cutting group of forty one person declined to thirty, but the faces of four of the eleven eliminated commanders moved to someone else's torso.
Such a significant reduction in the group is due to Stalin's "purge" of 1937, not bypassed and the Red Army: its victims are more 25,000 commanders and commissars.
The book is called "Missing commissioners." She became widely known and has been translated into many languages. Materials album formed the basis of a traveling exhibition in 1998 successfully travel from country to country.
David King for many years collecting documents, photographs and works of art related to the Soviet era. He is the author, the originator and designer of many illustrated albums, devoted this time, including fotobiografiyu Leon Trotsky.
From 1965 to 1975, King David was the art director of the London illustrated magazine "Sunday Times". Currently she continues rabtat as a freelance photographer and designer. He lives in London.
via billy-red
Some photos with the comments from the album.
Walking along the banks of the Moscow-Volga Canal. Yezhov, who before his arrest was withdrawn and the second of his high office - Commissar of Water Transport - to retouch option next to Voroshilov, Molotov and Stalin no longer exists. Many years later, Khrushchev said that Yezhov was not only an alcoholic, but a drug addict and "got what he deserved».
Top photo: party and government leaders with the artists of the Moscow Art Theatre to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the troupe, October 27, 1938.
Yezhov in the second row, fifth from the right, next to Nikita Khrushchev.
Lower picture: published in 1949, due to Stalin's seventieth birthday. Retoucher removed Yezhov and Boyarsky, the former director of the Moscow Art Theatre, at that time, too, was shot.
December 8, 1938 Yezhov was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. His successor became Beria, which is April 10, 1939 Yezhov personally arrested. A 4 February 1940 Yezhov was shot.
Above: the soldiers who came to the demonstration in the first days of the February Revolution of 1917., Petrograd, Foundry Avenue. In 1917, there were thousands of such cards. In the background is a sign of a jewelry store, "Watch. Gold and silver. " What is written on the flag, it is impossible to read.
Below: appeared in the same year version of the same picture, but vyeske jewelry store is another inscription. "In the fight you will gain Prao her." The black flag is turned white, and on it - a clear sign. "Down with the monarchy! Long live the republic! »
Lenin speaks in Petrograd, Palace Square, July 19, 1920. The picture is made known photographer, Victor Bulla, on the opening day of the 2nd Congress of the Comintern. When the photographer decided to publish again - February 17, 1924. in commemoration of Lenin's issue of the journal "Krasnaya Niva" - the editors apparently found it necessary to emphasize more the popularity of Lenin. Despite the poor quality of printing technology, it is striking that Lenin listening to the crowd is much more impressive than in the original picture. The crowd was photographed on some other occasion.
In fact, Stalin was a profound contempt for the simple working people, as evidenced by at least two variants of this photograph, taken in 1930, when Congress passed XVI of the CPSU (b). On one of the original photos izsoprovozhdayuschih helpfully shows the way the "master" (so often called Stalin). When the picture a little later opulikovali in the magazine "Spotlight" was no longer working. There is nothing to show the way to the leader. Children from Kashino
Lenin and his wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, among the well-off peasants (kulaks) of Kashino at the opening station. Photograph taken by Phil Feofanova November 14, 1920. The bottom photo was published again after nineteen years, in the midst of "cleansing". By the time the Bolsheviks destroyed almost all adult residents of the village of Kashino, sparing and indeed children.
Dark background created retouchers, sinister tone gradation.
Chapaev: Living Legend
Commanders and Commissioners of the 25th Infantry Division of Ufa in the Urals. June 9, 1919. In the center - Vasily Chapayev (with a bandaged head), a legendary commander, who died in the same year. To his left - Dmitri A. Fkrmanov, a former anarchist, here - the political commissar and writer: in his novel "Chapaev" in the 30s it was shot hudozhetsvenny film. As such, the photo was published in the magazine "Spotlight" (March 1926)., Then in 1932. in the photo album "Chapaev».
This option was found photos in the Soviet archives recently. Thanks to retouching and cutting group of forty one person declined to thirty, but the faces of four of the eleven eliminated commanders moved to someone else's torso.
Such a significant reduction in the group is due to Stalin's "purge" of 1937, not bypassed and the Red Army: its victims are more 25,000 commanders and commissars.
The book is called "Missing commissioners." She became widely known and has been translated into many languages. Materials album formed the basis of a traveling exhibition in 1998 successfully travel from country to country.
David King for many years collecting documents, photographs and works of art related to the Soviet era. He is the author, the originator and designer of many illustrated albums, devoted this time, including fotobiografiyu Leon Trotsky.
From 1965 to 1975, King David was the art director of the London illustrated magazine "Sunday Times". Currently she continues rabtat as a freelance photographer and designer. He lives in London.
via billy-red
