Strengthening the banks of the pond: how to build a pond in the garden

If you have been dreaming about creating in his summer cottage scenic compact pond or your site has access to the river or a small natural pond, sooner or later you will face the problem of preservation of its banks, due to the steady tendency to sloughing of the banks of the pond. This process is quite natural and promotes not only the loss of shape of the reservoir, but its sedimentation and transformation in a swamp.

The intensification of the construction works and, as a consequence, the various anthropogenic factors within the coastal zone also contributes to the natural destruction of the shoreline and in the worst case flooding of residential structures. To tame unruly waters and renew the joy of communication with her, you need to take care of timely beregoukreplenie events, the neglect of which will cause not only soil compaction but also its partial collapse.

These processes carry a danger not only to man and his habitation, but also for plants and other landscape elements, in this connection, you need time to implement preventive measures to strengthen the banks of the pond. What is the point of these events? Consider in this article.

Strengthening the banks of the pond: important detailsBefore answering the question: "How to strengthen the banks of the pond with their hands?", it is necessary to consider a number of moments to assess each landowner before the conduct of works on strengthening of shores. What are the features of the structures and what to look for in each case? Will be discussed further.





 

• First, you need to pay attention to the characteristics of the soil;
• Secondly, it is important to take into account particular pond, for example, its height, the steepness of its slope;
• Thirdly, it is important to consider how the shattering of the earth, only the surface of the shore or in the underwater part;
• In addition, it is important to consider, when was the arrangement of the reservoir and how long have you been shedding its shores;
• It is necessary to consider the location of the pond, as it depends on the choice of the preferred method of strengthening the banks of the reservoir, because in the process, it is important not to violate the General landscape of the area;
• It is important to consider the purpose of the coastal area, is near a residential house, or in a desert area;
• And finally, we must not forget about the peculiarities of the climate in each particular area, for example, the sharpness of the temperature differences and annual precipitation.

 

The main ways of strengthening the coastlineto achieve long term success beregoukreplenie activities need a comprehensive approach to solving this problem. Before you begin to search for the answer to the question: "How to strengthen the Bank of the pond?", consider the basic ways of strengthening the banks of the pond at the cottage, which can be divided into the following types:

Technical, involving the use of specialized technical structures, such as geogrids, special mattresses or gabion structures;

Biological providing for planting of plants, which help to reduce erosion, for example, larch, cane or other herbaceous species. However, the disadvantages of this method is the effect, delayed in time owing to what the experts recommend to give preference to technical methods.





 

If to consider in more detail the technical means of strengthening the coastline, among them are the following techniques most commonly used in the practice of landowners:

 

• Beregoukreplenie events with the use of erosion control mesh, characterized by a low weight, but at the same time high strength and flexibility. Based on his beregoukreplenie ability lies filling geomate particles, plant soil, after which the root system of plants to be fasten it with a layer of soil, turning it into a durable reinforced box;
• The use of geogrid – method almost similar to the previous one. Fill in the grid non-slip materials, such as river or sea pebbles and marble chips, it can help to build comfortable descent to the water;
• Strengthen the banks of the pond, you can use coconut Mat consisting of a plurality of twisted cords with a fibrous structure and uneven density. Lay it on the edge of a pond;
• The installation of gabions is another popular technical method of strengthening the reservoir. They constitute a box-like retaining walls and are used when other methods do not give effective results. In this case, they become essential elements for the strengthening of the settling banks, and at the same time fit harmoniously into the surrounding landscape.

The need for urgent measures: studying the situation

Before you make a decision on the strengthening of the banks of the pond, it is necessary to conduct engineering training area, which primarily involves the study of the environment:

• First, define the regions characterized by steep slopes;
• Next, make a thorough inspection of the entire shoreline;
• Produce the definition of the data regarding water levels and other hydrological parameters.
• Indicator of reliability of the coastline is its stability even in loose condition, if not, anyway it is necessary to change the steepness of the slopes, which will require the implementation of complex mathematical calculations.

 

Technical base for carrying out beregoukreplenie events:

 

In most cases, Bank protection measures are carried out using heavy equipment such as bulldozers, tractors, dredges, which will be required in order to complete the geogrid and are monofilament bottom sediments. If you need to strengthen the banks of the pond of small size, well you can handle using only hand dredges, the use of which will allow to achieve effective results. Since they have compact size and light weight, you can move them manually on the site.

The strengthening of the gently sloping shores: the main methods and their characteristicsIf your pond is characterized by sloping banks, to strengthen it you can use the following methods:

• The use of geogrids;
• The use of coconut mats;
• Strengthening the banks with Reno mattresses.
• Let's consider each method in more detail.

 

To strengthen the banks of the geogrid

This method is considered to be one of the most effective beregoukreplenie events. Geocell is a three-dimensional structure consisting of polymeric tapes bonded into separate cells, which are located primarily in a checkerboard pattern. In the process of stretching the geogrid over the slope and secured with anchors. Next, the cells are filled with soil or gravel and inoculated plants, whose roots provide an additional reinforcement of the coastal slope. So, consider the procedure in more detail.





 

To begin, prepare the necessary materials and tools:

 

• Nonwoven geotextile;
• Geocell;
• Crushed stone;
• Frost-resistant concrete;
• Shovel;
• Scraper;
• Pneumochair;
• L-shaped anchor.

The sequence of operations:

Work should begin with preparation of the working surface, which is to remove surface soil. Then, the treated surface is leveled and made of non-woven geotextile, which acts as a drainage layer. Next, spread on the surface of the geogrid, which is pre-tensioned and secured with anchors, which are arranged in a staggered manner. The geogrid in expanded form takes the form of a rectangle. The modules of the geogrid are fastened together using pneumocephaly and General anchors. Further, the cells of the geogrid is required to fill soil material such as soil, rubble, frost-resistant concrete. If you want to surprise your guests with custom design or just to please your eyes, you can fill the cells of the geogrid colored materials.





 

Coastal coconut mats

This material is most widely used for strengthening the banks of the pond with the film base. This is because it has a characteristic dark color and can successfully hide unsightly film base in the case of reducing the water level. Moreover, the polymer structure of the material is favorable for germination through her water-loving flora, which also acts as an additional strengthening of the soil and a decorative design shoreline. Technology of laying of coconut mats is simple. Let's consider it in more detail:





 

• The laying of the material starts from the shoreline. In the process, the material does not need tension;
• The lower part of the material of 0.5 meters is placed down close to the edge of the reservoir;
• The upper part is fixed on land to the armature;
• Coconut Mat is fixed on a PVC-film with structural waterproof adhesive;
• To bond the joint surfaces technology is used overlapping by 15-20 cm it is important to note that the overlap is from the side, not available for review;
• Mat that is on top, cover with vegetable substrate;
• The Mat is submerged in water, must be covered with sand or fine gravel.
• By beregoukreplenie event, it is necessary to strengthen the shoreline of natural or artificial stone, and if you have no such possibility, it is necessary to resort to the help of vegetation. Flora performing the function of a decorative element, effectively rimming the pond and looks maximum natural and elegant.

 

Advantages of coconut mats

• High resistance to UV radiation;
• Increased resilience and stability of the substances formed due to the decomposition of organic substances;
• High environmental friendliness;
• Fibrous structure, the distinctive feature of which is the ability of germination through plant;
• The availability of material and ease of installation.

Strengthening the banks of the pond with the help of the Reno mattressesDespite the fact that the Reno mattresses have a lot in common with traditional gabion, from the latter they are distinguished by a considerable width and small height (no more than 17-30 cm). Reno mattresses represent the mesh structures of planar type, which are made of metal mesh, characterized by a double torsion with a polymer or zinc coating. The design was characterized by sufficient rigidity, the design is divided into sections with internal diaphragms.

Strengthening the shore of the pond, the section of the Reno mattresses are filled with natural stones, creating a solid monolithic structure. The distinctive characteristics of Reno mattresses, such as strength, permeability and structural stability, with the years only grow due to the gradual germination of vegetation through the cells of the mattresses. Thanks to the lattice structure of the mattress through them freely passes water and air, which makes the design resistant to decay. Thanks to these advantages, the service life of the structure exceeds 25 years.

Reno mattresses are used mainly to cover large areas. Not only do they protect the shore from erosion, but also serve as the basis for a kind of retaining walls, presents a box-like gabions. Thanks to the flexibility of the mattresses, in the process of stacking you can give them any desired shape.





 

The strengthening of the steep slopes: what to prefer options?

To strengthen the banks of the pond, characterized by the presence of steep slopes, will suit you the following options:

• Strengthening of retaining walls;
• Strengthening the banks of the pond wooden piles;
• Finally, the use of gabions.

Consider each separately.





 

Strengthening the banks of the pond retaining walls

If you are dealing with the terrain with complex topography, ideal structures will be the use of retaining walls, construction of which can be made from brick, wood, stone, or finished blocks. Using this option, you can completely change the visual perception of the pond, as well as significantly expand its space. Retaining walls, characterized by high strength, successfully able to resist subsidence of the coastal soil, and blur.

The use of retaining walls is relevant in that case, if there is a need for vertical planning of the coastal zone and the shoreline. In most cases, the installation of retaining walls is carried out on the grounds, the role played by the lattice structure Reno or piles. At high mobility, and excessively loose ground, the height of the retaining wall should not be less than 1 meter.





Strengthening the banks of the pond wooden pilesDespite the fact that the greatest strength have reinforced concrete piles, in practice, strengthen the banks of the pond, the greatest use of found wooden piles.





Used to manufacture them such breeds as oak, larch and other species characterized by high strength, you can equip a solid design, operational life of which will be at least 50 years.

Specialists in this area give greater preference of the East Siberian larch, with unique properties that allow it to maintain its original properties for long years. In addition, the bluffs framed by processed tree trunks, selected by diameter, looks very impressive. As for concrete piles, despite their greater strength, they look grey and dull. However, the quality of shore protection structures may deteriorate in the case if the wood will darken.





Strengthening the banks of the pond using gabion structuresConstant human desire to live in harmony with nature and yourself and the simultaneous development of innovative technologies, has led to a gradual increase in demand for the strengthening of the banks of the pond with mesh structures, which are able to reduce the influence of the water and prevent erosion. From the point of view of construction, gabions represent massive blocks filled with stone material, such as pebbles or cobbles.





 

Thanks to its mesh structure, the gabions are resistant to groundwater and some of the mobility of the soil. Artists say that the service life of the gabions is at least 80 years, and their strength only increases at the expense of sprouted through the vegetation. The use of gabion blocks helps to create the perfect continuous coastline, which not only takes on a noble appearance. But in perfect harmony with the surrounding landscape. The use of gabions does not prevent the growth of coastal vegetation and shrubs and can successfully be combined with the consolidation of banks in other ways, such as larch or geogrid.

 





Biological methods – the coastal larchBiological ways of strengthening the coastline, despite the delayed result, considered one of the most reliable and durable. One of the most sustainable and reliable ways to prevent siltation and eutrophication of the pond with bulrush, as well as strengthening its shores is the planting of Siberian larch, superior in its characteristics other types of wood. Despite prolonged exposure in water, trunks of a larch is not prone to rotting and resistant to even the strongest frosts. Its strength and durability also make sense not to mention advanced. The trunks of larch are very environmentally friendly and their presence in water does not violate the pond ecosystem. Bank protection using larch does not require additional care throughout his very long (over 50 years) of life.

 

When to conduct shore protection activities?Many landowners decided to build a pond at its suburban area, you probably wondered: "When it is necessary to start the implementation of shore protection measures?" Experts believe that we must do it at the stage of excavating. If we are talking about natural water, preventive measures to strengthen its banks is carried out in a short time at the time of occurrence of threat of destruction of its shores. Timely action will prevent the destruction of the shoreline of the pond and saves on potential repair activities. published

 

P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©

Source: strport.ru/uchastok/ukreplenie-beregov-pruda-sposoby-ukrepleniya-vodoema-v-sadu