Women and education space or planet developmental delay

History h4>

The first woman cosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova, the world-known. Starting June 16, 1963 on the ship "Vostok-6", Valentina spent almost three days in space.



But success on the whole flight was not perfect - Tereshkova clearly keep in touch, to experience problems with the construction of the landing orientation of the spacecraft (repeated today a story about the wrong orientation program and the "reprogramming" of "Vostok-6" is not true), accidentally scratched window, broken pencil . When planting, in violation of instructions, she lifted her head up and earned a bruise on his nose struck the helmet on when the catapult. After landing, again in violation of the instructions handed out your space diet collective farmers might conceal the fact that in-flight ate almost nothing. Now it does not seem serious, we know that about half of astronauts suffer from vestibular disorders in the beginning of the flight. But then this imperfect flight superimposed on the political aspects of the selection of crews and reaction "to the spirit of the Indian was not here!" Sergei Korolev - the woman in the USSR ceased to fly in space for nearly 20 years.



Much less is known that around the same time the US Women have made great efforts to break into the space. It all started with a scientific curiosity - Dr. William Lovelace, who performed medical testing of male candidates for the first US astronaut, offered to pass the same tests known aviatrix Geraldine Cobb. Geraldine, which in 19 years has taught men to fly, and by the end of the 50s established several aviation records, successfully coped with severe and very uncomfortable medical tests. She also became the only woman who passed all three phases of medical testing (medical examination, isolation and mental evaluation, testing for advanced military equipment from the use of jet aircraft). Besides Cobb twelve women have successfully completed the first phase of testing. Women from the squad named «Mercury 13", whether it is able to be the astronauts, if not politics. The requirements NASA was established compulsory military experience as a test pilot, but these women were not. The US president, just set these requirements would not change them for the sake of women. None of the detachment «Mercury 13" did not fly into space.



The second woman in space was Svetlana Savitskaya. She went in flight to the orbital station "Salyut-7" in 1982. And in 1984 she became the first woman, made two space flights, and the first woman to walk in space. Before the start of the space career Svetlana flew the jet planes set several records on the MiG-25. After leaving the cosmonaut corps he worked at the Moscow Aviation Institute and then became a deputy.



Svetlana Savitskaya working in space i>

American female astronauts were only the beginning of the Space Shuttle program. In the eighth astronaut who scored in 1978, it was the first of six women:



From left to right: Shannon Lucid, Margaret Seddon, Kathryn Sullivan, Judith Resnik, Anna Fisher, Sally Ride i>

Lucky ticket to become the first female US astronaut Sally Ride dropped - she flew in 1983. The five remaining women put their records. The first American woman committed a spacewalk, Kathryn Sullivan became. Margaret Seddon was the mother of three children at the time of passing the selection, but the first of the mothers visited the space Anna Fisher, who gave birth to a daughter when he was in the astronaut. At the time of the flight's daughter was only half years. Shannon Lucid was the first woman, made five space flights, and became the first American, to visit the station "Mir". Judith Resnik became the first American of Jewish descent in space.



The first woman astronaut Russia was Elena Kondakov. She also became the first woman to fly on two different types of spacecraft - "Union" (1994-1995) and the Space Shuttle (1997).



The first female pilot and commander of the Space Shuttle became Eileen Collins. She piloted the shuttle for the first time in 1995 with the mission of the docking station "Mir", and became the first commander of mission STS-93, when he was successfully launched X-ray telescope "Chandra" working until now.



Women were the main and the ISS - Peggy Whitson commanded the ISS from October 2007 to April 2008.



From left to right: Judith Resnik, Christa McAuliffe, Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla, i>
Working together with men in space, women were separated and more sad fate - of the 14 killed in the shuttle astronauts four - women. Judith Resnik and Christa McAuliffe died in the "Challenger" and Laurel Clark and Kalpana Chawla - to "Colombia».



Today, women continue to work in space. In 2014, the first Russian woman to the ISS was Elena Serova.





11 June 2015 ISS returned Samantha Cristoforetti, due to an accident "Progress" has become a champion of women in duration of continuous space flight.



In 2016, the ISS should go Kathleen Rubens

Education Planet Delayed Development h4> Astronaut Mike Malleyn very well described how he has changed, working with women in NASA. I offer you excerpts from his мемуаров "Riding the rocket: the outrageous stories Astronaut Space Shuttle" (my translation).

In his first-time candidate for the astronauts, I was faced with two things which have not yet ever encountered in my life: to choose what to wear to work and to work with women. & lt; ... & gt; And if the question is, what to wear, cause I'm just puzzled that female colleagues for me were like from another galaxy. I saw women only as sex objects - unintended consequence of the twelve years of education in Catholic schools. Priests and nuns hammered into me the idea that women are identical sex, and sex is meant eternal torment in hell. The girls have never been discussed in a different context. About they never said how about the people who can dream. I do not talk about women doctors, women scientists, female astronaut. On the women spoke only as "the cause of sin." The only thing I knew about women teenager - is that a straight road to hell is between their legs. Their breasts will acquaint you with Beelzebub. Even the imagination of their breasts and other parts of the body (a mortal sin "impurity of thought") will send you straight to hell. Only in marriage rules changed. There's sex becomes the norm - for procreation. Married women reach their highest life status - to conceive and bear children. "The main purpose of marriage - the birth of children" - this was a dogma in the textbook "marriage course" in 1963 my wife graduated from St. Mary's School.
The same textbook contains a lesson, "male and female psychology" with the table of characteristics. "Men are more realists, women - idealists. Men are more emotionally stable woman emotionally weaker. The man loves his job, the woman loves her man. " And, my favorite, "Men are more often right, women are more often wrong».
I am so full of these took perverse sexist statement that in high school wrote an essay, that women should not be allowed to go to college. I got "excellent". I was a good pupil.
& lt; ... & gt;
The officer corps of the US Air Force, where I was in 1967, has been completely male organization. I have not seen a single woman-pilot. Friday evening we were entertained in the club strippers. Military pilots saw women only as "receptacles". Anyone who says otherwise must have been going to run for Congress. Women are from Venus, men are from Mars normal, but military pilots come from the planet developmental delay. Blockquote> At first, the choice of words Malleyna in dealing with women was no different from what he would have used in the men's team. But among the six women of the eighth astronaut were feminists. Careless joke with the mention of the word "boobs" in the presence of Sally Ride has meant that it has not talked to him more than was necessary for the work of ten years. Malleyn was not alone in its backwardness - the other astronauts, former military pilots, staged stupid jokes and come up with jokes that do not want to translate. But working together with civil and women were instructive - these people might not know how to drink hot drink, but they were not the faint of heart, and do a good job. At the end of the book, Mike writes directly:

Without a doubt, the experience of working at NASA the most changed my personality in relation to women. I realized that they - are people with dreams and ambitions, and they only needed an opportunity to prove what they can do. And the women of the eighth set of astronauts coped. See how pregnant in the ninth month, Margaret Seddon piloted the shuttle simulator, executing one of a flawless landing, was for me a lesson of their competence. View broadcast from space, where it performs an unscheduled and dangerous operation of the shuttle arm to enable the faulty satellite, was a lesson. I know that this is Judy might include breathing apparatus Mike Smith in hell, which became "Challenger" was a lesson. Always showing their professionalism, skill and courage, a woman astronaut Mike took eighth set Malleyna back to school and change it. Blockquote>

Conclusion h4> There are people who can be astronauts. Their gender is relevant to the specific issues or physiological level specialists IBMP RAS. There are people who can not be astronauts, because of poor health, mental or bad character. And sex is not important.

Source: geektimes.ru/post/265066/