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Meganeboskrёby: incredible characters present and future
three-kilometer citadel of the game Half-Life 2 no longer seems to be something unreachable ... i>
The desire to look to the future has always been inherent in the people. Nostradamus prophesied a thousand years or more ahead. At the beginning of the XX century, a surge of scientific and technological progress especially kindled the curiosity of man and put the question: what will happen in 100 years? Nowadays, the trend becomes narrow horizon - there are concepts of the near future, distant from us 15-35 years.
In fact, in 2015, it's time to talk about the future (the very thing which is pleasant to dream, full of fantastic elements) is much closer to us, at a distance of not more than 5 years. Check out this statement can be the most banal way - to learn how to change the face of the world on different continents.
A person who travels a little less inclined to think of all the fantastic beauty of urban civilization. Even in such a large metropolis like Moscow, it is difficult to get used to the idea that the world can change rapidly, expanding the boundaries of human imagination. The appearance of the Russian capital has changed little over the past decade. Of course, the construction of new interchanges, streets and entire neighborhoods, but many buildings in the city can really surprise, shock, inspire you?
Right now in the world are built building, saying one of its kind, "this is it - the future - be surprised." A 2020 futuristic places on the planet will be more. And among all created by human hands, most of us will impress meganeboskrёby high hundreds and hundreds of meters. Since the days of the Tower of Babel skyscrapers appear powerful human symbol of a genius who just materiel determined to storm the sky itself.
In 1931 he opened the tallest building in the world - Empire State Building (381 meters), which was the first building, with more than 100 floors. It seemed that the battle for the height of the start, and was about to climb higher and higher and higher towers. But it took 70 more years before the race really began.
In the movie "Mission Impossible 4" Tom Cruise, in the form of special agent Ethan Hunt, with special gloves, climbs the steep wall of the tower Бурдж-Халифа - The highest, at the moment, in the building world. Well, if the popular franchise will last more 5-7 years, the actor the chance to win some more skyscrapers that reach a staggering height.
In the coming years we will witness the emergence of the world's first kilometer of the building. In addition, in different corners of the Earth to be built a few buildings higher than 600 meters - twice the Eiffel Tower. By 2020, there will be at least eight of the same buildings as the Burj Khalifa.
At the beginning of the XXI century Башни Petronas bore the title of "the highest in the world," and in fact they were slightly higher Эмпайр State Building - just 452 meters. Tower Taipei 101 (508 meters) won the title of the tallest building in 2004. Then, at the end of the decade, the skyscraper Burj Khalifa set new standards megazdany, reaching 828 meters. Now in Jeddah built "Royal Tower" - more than 1,000 meters high. For two decades (2000-2020) Height "the tallest building in the world" will change more than doubled.
Let's look at the most grandiose symbols of technological progress, which is still before the creation of just a few years.
Needless to say, that in the future horizons of megacities will look quite different. I>
In just 20 years, Petronas Twin Towers fell in the ranking of high-rise buildings (excluding installed antennas) on the 27th place. Enormous changes have taken place in the construction industry, is clearly traced by comparing the graphs' 20 tallest buildings "in 2010 and 2020.
In 2011, it proposed a new category for skyscrapers - meganeboskrёby. This designation is intended to reflect the explosive growth of high-rise buildings; the height of the so-called megavysotok is at least 600 meters. So far only two such buildings: the Burj Khalifa in the Дубае and the hotel "Royal Clock Tower" complex Abraj Al Bait in the Мекке, Saudi Arabia. Incidentally, the high-rise buildings of Mecca are the heaviest building in the world.
The average height of the top 20 skyscrapers in 2020, is projected to reach 598 meters. Number megavysotok built in the next decade will be equal to the number of 300-meter high building, designed in the 1990s.
In the novel by Dmitry Glukhov "Future" all progressive (and immortal) humanity will live many kilometers of skyscrapers. In general, the idea of cities, very often consisting only of high-rise buildings, alive and well in science fiction for decades. I>
Growth is not only high, and increasing the number of countries involved in such large-scale projects. By 2020, the 20 tallest buildings are located in 15 cities and 7 countries. 10 of the 20 projects will be located in China, 3 in South Korea, two in Saudi Arabia and two in the UAE. Thus, 70% of the tallest buildings in the world in 2020 will be located in Asia, and 25% - in the Middle East. If we consider the Middle East part of continental Asia, then it will be located 19 of the 20 projects. Against this background, it would be difficult to represent "capital skyscrapers» Нью-Йорк or Чикаго. A major European skyscrapers (including the "tallest building in Europe" - an office complex "Federation", Moscow-City) will be altogether lost in the back of the ratings.
Ten Chinese projects scattered across seven cities. At present, China has built the world's largest office and business multifunctional complexes. Most of South and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, India, Vietnam, have great potential for development and could become a new center neboskrёbostroeniya until 2030. To Мумбаи drafted the 720-meter ultra-high skyscraper "Tower of India", and for Джакарты - Project Signature Tower, the 111-storey building height of 638 meters.
Let us look at the concepts of skyscrapers, the design of which has already begun.
Skyscraper Zhongguo Zun, height 528 meters, will be the tallest in the Пекине. Construction of the skyscraper began in 2011, and the end is planned for 2018.
Construction of a new financial center in the Chinese city Гуанчжоу - Guangzhou CTF Financial Centre - to be completed in 2016. 530-meter building will be stuffed lifts: all of them will be 95, two of which are high-speed and 28 - bunk.
Nordstrom Tower skyscraper will be the tallest building Нью-Йорка and the entire Western Hemisphere. The height of the tower with a spire will be 547 meters. Construction will be completed in 2018.
Construction of 123-storey 555-meter skyscraper in the ultra-high Seoul (South Korea) is scheduled for completion next year.
Skyscraper Pearl of the North (Шеньчжень, China) will complete in three years. Its height will be 567 meters, and the cost of the project will exceed half a billion dollars.
Goldin Finance 117 (Тяньцзинь, China) - 597 meters. Will visitors next year. The building got its name because of the number of floors, of which there are 117.
Wuhan Greenland Centre (Ухань, China). Meganeboskrёb, equipped with all the advanced energy saving system, the height of 636 meters. Construction will be completed in 2017. The project is estimated at $ 4 billion.
Ping An Finance Center (Шеньчжень, China). At the time of its completion (2016) the building will be the second tallest in the world - 659 meters.
Suzhou Zhongnan Center (Сучжоу, China). The most ambitious project at the moment of a skyscraper in China - 729-meter-long giant. At the time of completion in 2020, the tower will play at an altitude of only two buildings in the world.
Dizzy project! Saudi Arabia has decided to plunge from high-rise to the throne "Khalifa Tower" and build meganeboskrёb highest in the world. The tower will surpass the current leader in the 167 meters - and will reach a height of kilometer. It is planned to spend only 1, $ 2 billion. Construction will be completed in 2018.
This short review of the tallest towers supports the view that the future (near future) belongs to skyscrapers. An increasing number of skyscrapers, they become higher, more diverse and multi-functional. Not so long ago the height of buildings was determined, first of all, structural constraints, but advances in building materials, architecture and engineering have resulted in sustained growth the buildings.
Construction of huge skyscrapers around the world shows that we were able to overcome many technical difficulties. Thus, the main question for humanity, the answer to which will determine the shape of the horizons of the future, not now reads "how high can we build?" And "how high should we build?" With every meter we have additional problems with the efficiency and use of space building maintenance.
At some point, significant benefits increase building density exhausted. At what altitude? Nobody knows. Half a century ago megavysotki could be presented only in works of fiction, and now they are a reality today. Soon it will be possible to assert that we can build a building height of one kilometer. Then - the height of two kilometers.
There are projects chetyrёhkilometrovyh skyscrapers ... Who knows how far humanity can go. Skyscrapers continue to develop, and their impact on our cities - visual, urban and environmental - continues to grow exponentially.
Source: geektimes.ru/company/airbnb/blog/259988/
