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The family of "Buran"
In the Soviet Union, in addition to the famous shuttle "Buran", there were also other projects of a similar orientation. Due to the fact that some of them have been implemented on paper, the sketches below. "Buran" was supplied to the domestic (and in abroad) of the press as an absolute success. However, having made only 6ecpilotny flight on 15 November 1988, the ship has sunk into oblivion. It is fair to say that the "Buran" was no less perfect than the Space Shuttle. And with regard to safety and versatility even surpassed overseas competitor. Unlike the Americans, Soviet specialists had no illusions about the efficiency of reusable system - Calculations show that disposable rocket efficiently. But when you create a "Buran" was a major aspect - the Soviet shuttle was developed as a military space systems. With the end of "cold war" this aspect of went by the wayside, which is not true about the economic feasibility. And with it the "Buran" was bad, his start-treated as simultaneous start a couple of hundred "Soyuz". The fate of the "Buran" has been resolved.
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The history of Russian cosmonautics still keeps many more white spots - but only to a narrow circle of "dedicated" professionals were aware of the secret space mission in our history.
February 4, 1992 Orbiter (OK) "Baikal" successfully completed its mission.
"Baikal", as well as his older brother, a brilliant fly in space 15 November 1988, was built under the program "Energy-Buran" on the creation of reusable space transportation system, and is the second (and last) OK head series .
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In accordance with the five-year thematic plan for the Air Force orbital hypersonic aircraft and practical work on winged space in our country in 1965 were committed by OKB-155 Mikoyan, where they led a 55-year-old chief designer of OKB GLEB LOZINO-LOZINSKIY. Subject to create a two-stage air-orbital plane (in modern terminology - Aerospace Systems - ACS) received index "Spiral". The Soviet Union is seriously preparing for a large-scale war in space and from space ... Work on the shuttle "Dawn" has been deployed in accordance with the Decree of January 27, 1985. December 22, 1986 the Military-Industrial Commission of the Council of Ministers decided to release preliminary design reusable multipurpose ship "Dawn." The ship had to be created in two phases: the first phase was to develop generic reusable manned transport ship, the second - its modifications for special tasks in independent and collaborative with other spacecraft flying in a wide range of altitudes and inclinations (up to 97º) orbits. Draft design of the base of the ship was released in the I quarter of 1987 and is being protected by the STC Minobschemasha. According to the comments received and the project was amended in May 1988 submitted a joint meeting of the NTS GUKOS IOM and decide on the conduct of future work. MAX is a complex two-stage air-launched, consisting of an aircraft carrier An-225 "Mriya" ANPK im.O.K.Antonova development, which is set in a manned orbital plane or unmanned or freight container with an external fuel tank, filled with cryogenic components fuel.
The system is based on conventional airfields class 1, needed to equip MAX agents refueling propellants, ground maintenance and landing complex and blends, mainly in existing facilities ground control space systems.
Before starting OK "Buran" space for the ground-based field tests and working out in the real world the most critical sections of the flight - approach and the very fit, including automatic mode, built a full-sized analogue OK "Buran": BTS-02 OK-GLI N002
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"Clipper" is a multi-purpose reusable spacecraft that can be used in manned and unmanned (automatic) mode. It is developed as an element of the transport system servicing the orbital complexes (stations) in Earth orbit altitude of 500 km
From 1 June 2006, RKK "Energy" is completely stopped all work on the manned space shuttle "Clipper". The piquancy of the situation is that the closed competition of the Federal Space Agency of the selection of a new image of the Russian manned spacecraft ("topic" Clipper "), which should be completed in June, followed by the signing of the state contract with the winning organizations, not yet officially over! And against the backdrop of a full-size layout "Clipper" had "light" is not only the prime minister, Mikhail Fradkov, and Russian President Vladimir Putin
Nevertheless, the "Clipper", as a new reusable spacecraft will not ...
Source:
...
The history of Russian cosmonautics still keeps many more white spots - but only to a narrow circle of "dedicated" professionals were aware of the secret space mission in our history.
February 4, 1992 Orbiter (OK) "Baikal" successfully completed its mission.
"Baikal", as well as his older brother, a brilliant fly in space 15 November 1988, was built under the program "Energy-Buran" on the creation of reusable space transportation system, and is the second (and last) OK head series .
...
In accordance with the five-year thematic plan for the Air Force orbital hypersonic aircraft and practical work on winged space in our country in 1965 were committed by OKB-155 Mikoyan, where they led a 55-year-old chief designer of OKB GLEB LOZINO-LOZINSKIY. Subject to create a two-stage air-orbital plane (in modern terminology - Aerospace Systems - ACS) received index "Spiral". The Soviet Union is seriously preparing for a large-scale war in space and from space ... Work on the shuttle "Dawn" has been deployed in accordance with the Decree of January 27, 1985. December 22, 1986 the Military-Industrial Commission of the Council of Ministers decided to release preliminary design reusable multipurpose ship "Dawn." The ship had to be created in two phases: the first phase was to develop generic reusable manned transport ship, the second - its modifications for special tasks in independent and collaborative with other spacecraft flying in a wide range of altitudes and inclinations (up to 97º) orbits. Draft design of the base of the ship was released in the I quarter of 1987 and is being protected by the STC Minobschemasha. According to the comments received and the project was amended in May 1988 submitted a joint meeting of the NTS GUKOS IOM and decide on the conduct of future work. MAX is a complex two-stage air-launched, consisting of an aircraft carrier An-225 "Mriya" ANPK im.O.K.Antonova development, which is set in a manned orbital plane or unmanned or freight container with an external fuel tank, filled with cryogenic components fuel.
The system is based on conventional airfields class 1, needed to equip MAX agents refueling propellants, ground maintenance and landing complex and blends, mainly in existing facilities ground control space systems.
Before starting OK "Buran" space for the ground-based field tests and working out in the real world the most critical sections of the flight - approach and the very fit, including automatic mode, built a full-sized analogue OK "Buran": BTS-02 OK-GLI N002
...
"Clipper" is a multi-purpose reusable spacecraft that can be used in manned and unmanned (automatic) mode. It is developed as an element of the transport system servicing the orbital complexes (stations) in Earth orbit altitude of 500 km
From 1 June 2006, RKK "Energy" is completely stopped all work on the manned space shuttle "Clipper". The piquancy of the situation is that the closed competition of the Federal Space Agency of the selection of a new image of the Russian manned spacecraft ("topic" Clipper "), which should be completed in June, followed by the signing of the state contract with the winning organizations, not yet officially over! And against the backdrop of a full-size layout "Clipper" had "light" is not only the prime minister, Mikhail Fradkov, and Russian President Vladimir Putin
Nevertheless, the "Clipper", as a new reusable spacecraft will not ...
Source:
