Amoxicillin - action, properties, indications, dosage of amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the group of penicillins, beta-lactam antibiotics. It is an alpha-amino derivative of penicillin, the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Beta-lactam antibiotics make up about 70% of the antibiotics currently used in medicine.

The antibiotic amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin. Has a bactericidal effect: leads to the death of a bacterial cell, blocking the biosynthesis of its cell wall. Since the bacterial wall cannot form properly, autolytic enzymes are activated, after which the bacterial cell dies.

The bactericidal effect depends on the duration of the antibiotic. Therefore, it is important for the patient to monitor the intake of drugs at a certain time of the day in accordance with the scheme indicated by the doctor when prescribing antibacterial therapy.
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Amoxicillin is not effective:

1. against bacteria that lack a cell wall,
2. in the fight against intracellular parasites, such as chlamydia or mycoplasma.

Some bacteria have developed a mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, for example: they produce enzymes (beta-lactamases) that destroy the beta-lactam bond in the antibiotic, causing it to inactivate. To increase the spectrum of action of penicillins, they are often used together with another antibiotic, such as clavulanic acid. This compound inactivates some beta-lactamases (bacterial enzymes), thereby depriving the bacteria of a defense mechanism against the action of amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics by dentists. They recommend the use of a single dose of amoxicillin for antibiotic prevention of infections in the surgical area in the oral cavity and maxillofacial area. Amoxicillin is also recommended in the treatment of odontogenic infections, periodontitis and periimplantitis.



Amoxicillin - dosage
The decision on the dosage is always taken by the doctor when prescribing an antibiotic. The dose is determined based on the type of pathogen that affected the body, its resistance to the antibiotic, the severity of the infection, age, body weight and kidney function of the patient.

• The duration of treatment is also determined by the type of infection and the patient's response to amoxicillin. The duration of therapy should be as short as possible while maintaining the effectiveness of therapy.
• Dose adjustment in elderly patients is not required.
• Caution should be exercised in people with kidney failure, and dose adjustment may be required, so the patient should tell the doctor if he or she has impaired kidney function.

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