An alternative view of evolution

As a result, thousands of years of evolution, man was unusually developed (compared to others, even the most intelligent animals) intelligence. But what made us unique?
What is the evolutionary path we have done? Of course, to get a definite answer to these questions, we are unlikely to succeed, but some of the assumptions we may do, even if they sound pretty weird.
1. The mutation that spread from a single ancient human

Evolutionary changes can occur in two ways:

First - microevolution, that is, small, incremental changes for a long time.

Second - macroevolution, ie a sharp jump in the development of an organism.

On the interaction of these two processes, there are several theories, one of which is known as the "macromutation" - a genetic disorder, in which one individual is obtained quite "special", unlike their relatives. In fact, it is a new species (remember even mutants of «X-Men»).

Oxford University neuroscientist Colin Blakemore believes that man was the same. Someone from our ancestors had been grown with severe genetic defect that made him or her a little smarter than the rest of the ancient people. It was an absolute accident, which turned out to be quite useful in terms of survival, and the man gave this a "defect" is inherited.

2. Features of DNA

During the project, the Human Genome researchers have found in our DNA something quite unique: double gene SRGAP2, which is known to be responsible for the development of the brain.

No other primate (and indeed none of the animal, for that matter), there is nothing of the sort. That is likely at some point in human history occurred "glitch».

In fact, we have a few copies SRGAP2, which basically represent the "genetic garbage" and called SRGAP2B and SRGAP2D.

But SRGAP2C - it really is a fully functional copy of SRGAP2, which can actually replace the original gene.

When mice were implanted SRGAP2C, then the original gene is switched off. If you imagine this system in the form of software, you will SRGAP2C brain development version 2.0, which should remove version 1.0 to work correctly.

3. Development of the brain associated with bipedal locomotion

One of the unique features of a person - a soft fontanelles turtles babies. These are not protected by the bones of newborn zone facilitate the passage of the birth canal and harden only to two years.

Other primates such features are not needed - simply because they do not bipedal, and the birth canal have much wider.

By studying well-preserved skull of Australopithecus child, scientists recently discovered that our ancestors who had just learned to walk on two legs, too, was a bigger brain than previously thought, and the skull of the ancient children were also soft.

Previously, scientists believed that this feature we have developed much later, and that our bipedalism - only a consequence of brain development. And now, it turns out, it was the exact opposite - we first learned to walk on two legs, so that there is a need to change the birth canal. This resulted in a soft skull of infants for what, in turn, was followed by the increased development of the brain, and now our brains can grow up to two years.

4. Hallucinogenic mushrooms made from monkey man

One of the most controversial theories about the development of the human brain has put forward in the early 1990s, the American philosopher, environmentalist and lawyer Terence McKenna,.

According to this theory, the old man came somewhere in North Africa to unusual mushrooms and decided to try them. Mushrooms were hallucinogenic. They called in the central nervous system of ancient man striking, bizarre visual images, requiring understanding and analysis. This prompted a primitive brain to intensive development, and gradually it formed a new structure. It turns out that due to fungi man became a thinking creature images. Then images of any characters, and characters from - a stone's throw to the related question.

That is, McKenna, hallucinogenic mushroom is the very "missing link" that allowed a monkey to become a man.

McKenna theory in the scientific world no one has ever seriously tried, her checking nobody was engaged, so that the actual data that could support it, at the moment there.

5. The most important role in the development of the human brain played meat and fire

According to the theory, Harvard University anthropologist Richard Ranghama a huge role in the development of the human brain has played cooked meat on the fire.

According to the evidence that we have, we can assume that the man began to build a fire and learned to use it for cooking at about the same time when he increased the size of the brain, reducing the size of the intestine, jaws and teeth.

Cooking allowed to spend on food less time and effort, and receive from it more calories. A human brain is known to consume about a quarter of the total energy of the body, and it getting any extra calories. Hence, the processing of products for brain development was extremely important factor.

Man no longer had to spend half a day on chewing hard meat. And the resulting free time could have been spent for the benefit - the creation of tools, for example, or the cultivation of the land. Or to communicate with their own kind.

6. Our ancestors were all schizophrenics

In the 1970s, psychologist Julian Jaynes proposed the theory of so-called "bicameral mind».

Drawing on ancient literature, Jaynes argued that the ancients did not have the familiar to us consciousness - not planned their actions do not take decisions. All their actions were subject to the instructions of the "gods" or "voices».

Janes concluded mind of our ancestors was a "bicameral", which was due dvuhpolusharnym device brain. In usual situations, people guided by the habits and instincts, and when there was a problem that requires a non-standard resolution, it connects the same "second chamber", which is located in the right hemisphere.

On notions of Jaynes, the human brain - it is generally two separate bodies. The left hemisphere is responsible for performing daily tasks, right - for memory and decision "special" problems.

Ancient - believes Janes - unlike us, hemisphere were not directly linked. Consequently, the self was not available to them.

But the right and left hemispheres were associated with the language center in the brain, which explains the occurrence of hallucinations. That is, one half of the brain "evangelize", and the second takes this information as "voice over».

Jane believes that the kind of vestiges of this consciousness can be regarded as a phenomenon of "imaginary friend" in children, mental disorders due to "multiple personality". In addition, the theory Jaynes work and numerous stories about some unexplained psychic phenomena that occur in stressful situations.
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