Sewage in Paris

Under Paris there is a second Paris - Paris sewers, with the streets, intersections, squares, blind alleys, highways and even their street traffic - flows of mud instead of the flow of people.
Victor Hugo, "Les Miserables" (1862)

In 1832, the Paris cesspool was very different from the present. Bryunzo gave the first impetus to the cause, but it was necessary to appear cholera to the city authorities have taken a radical reorganization of drains, and which is carried out from that time until the present day. Surprisingly, but in 1821, for example, part of the drainage district, the so-called Grand Canal, full of rotting manure, still lay on the street Gourde under the open sky, as if in Venice. And only in 1823 the city of Paris to fork out 266,080 francs 6 centimes to cover the nakedness under every street there is a corresponding tunnel

This system allows you to inspect and repair the pipe without opening the bridge. In addition to the sewage system, here are two laid water pipe (potable and non-potable), telecoms cables and piping for the cooling of buildings. Laying of gas pipes, electrical power networks, heating is not allowed