Gothic

Style was born in France in the middle of the XII century, contemporaries he was called - French. Italian architects three centuries later, comparing it to the classical Roman architecture, dubbed the style "Gothic" (ital. gotico - cruel, rude).

Impression of the Gothic structures - aspiration of all builds up. Pointed arches reach for the sky, to the very top of the building to become slimmer, like the slender stems of the plant. Romanesque arch of heavy slabs was replaced by a lighter frame. Gothic vault rests on arches with protruding ribs frame - ribs, which distributes the load on the columns and pillars. Born new gothic shaped support post, or "beam" of six, eight or more columns. He reduced the load on the walls and ceilings easier, thus increasing the internal volume of the building. Windows have increased in size, which allowed to decorate their beautiful stained glass windows; strict style perfectly in tune with the bright and glowing in the background colored sandstone windows. These innovations have allowed to do Gothic churches more air and light.

Numerous arches frame the entrance doors. This is called perspective portal. Its top pierces spearheaded the middle of the round window, which is like a flower of the rose is called. With a plethora of petals and filigree carved from stone, this item is a real decoration of the entire ensemble. Sermon in stone sculpture called in Gothic cathedrals - carved in stone images of the saints have great power to influence. Sculpture adorned the side of the facade and the roof edge. Stands for rainwater completed gargoyles (fr. Gargouille - downspout), they represent a figure of animals, of which the open mouth pours water, while all the sculptures are linked plot.

Sculptural Stone carving - a feature of Gothic architecture. Strange stone spiers plants are completed, vimpergov (it. Windberg - protection from the wind), buttresses (fr. Contre force - opposing force). Their edges sprout leaves unknown - Krabbe (German. Krabbe). Exterior architectural decoration of the Gothic cathedral of stone resembles woven lace - weave flowers and leaves. The light penetrating through the stained glass windows of the huge and is divided into hundreds of colored lights, gives the whole room a festive character, organ sounds entrain and enhance the visual effect, and everyday world dissolves behind the walls.