10 curious and unexpected space discoveries Bashny.Net

 



Almost infinite space never stops to amaze us, ordinary people, its beautiful lights and hypnotizing patterns. However, even scientists and astronomers are often surprised by some discoveries.

 

A massive ring of debris

The recently discovered star IRAS 13481-6124 has already contributed to an understanding of how to make a giant star. There are different classifications of stars, but they usually boil down to "small" and "large". And our Sun is small. It is among a small subset of stars and even do not have sufficient mass to die in a glorious explosion, as most of the stars in the Universe. Our Sun simply dies with a weak cough and not with a glorious cry. Some theories suggest that larger stars could form when smaller ones join together, but the process of formation IRAS discreditied the idea of stellar mergers.

And while IRAS is still a newborn child, is he fit enough and gained fat. The star is 10 000 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus and is surrounded by a disk of stellar debris — stars in their infancy. For the first time astronomers were able to observe such an event. In addition, the heavy star (20 times heavier than the Sun), rich in metal, like IRAS, contains the necessary elements for the formation of planets — perhaps even life.

A Grand emptiness

Looking into space is like looking into a kaleidoscope: polychromatic nebulae and bright galaxies look extremely impressive. And one of the things we know about space — it's full of all I like. However, the universe throws us incredible pieces of "nothing" — like the Bootes Void, which is enormous in its emptiness.

Named for its proximity to the constellation of Bootes, this emptiness is also known as the Great Void. It was discovered in 1981 by Robert Kirchner and his colleagues, who were shocked to find a seemingly ball of emptiness in space. After careful analysis Kirchner and his team were able to detect only 60 void galaxies in this region, encompassing a whopping 250-300 million light years.

By all rights, this place should be not less than 10 000 galaxies. For comparison, the milky Way has 24 neighbor within 3 million years, that is, to reach them you can almost walk on the space boots.

Technically, this emptiness should not exist, since the modern theory admits the existence of only a much smaller "empty" spaces. Only the scale of this void monster require new theories, including the most interesting, until the intervention of aliens.

An ancient collision with dark matter

There is one problem with our galaxy. It "rings" like a bell, and astronomers don't know why. According to one of the latest theories, this anomaly is the result of massive disturbance, which happened 100 years ago. This outrage came in the form of a collision — something with something with a small galaxy or dark matter racing.

If this theory Podgoritsa, it will solve a galactic mystery. And this is the one. The Northern and southern hemispheres of our galaxy do not coincide, the structure clearly changes when we pass through the center of the milky Way. This imbalance is assumed to be caused by vertical waves, which are the result of invisible "dark matter satellites" (like the invisible galaxies that have passed through the galactic plane. Computer modeling has shown that this disorder will calm down pretty soon — maybe in 100 million years.

The small and old galaxies

The history of our Universe is hidden from us not only unimaginable intervals of time and distance, but also the seemingly infinite amount of matter. The gas and dust is distorting the light rays, which are our only evidence of the early universe. But sometimes the immensity of her works in our favor, and astronomers can effectively observe areas of space that are massive objects, since we see that photons are distorted and enlarged. This is a natural consequence of gravitational lensing that allows scientists to observe the dull, small and old galaxies.

Using the galaxy cluster Abell 2744, astronomers recently discovered thousands of galaxies that are 12 billion years, almost as much as the Universe itself. Although Abell 2744 is only 3.5 billion light years away, the magnifying effect is so great that supplying us with the deep the Universe in General: "the first edge of the shield. Since the lens increases the apparent size of remote objects up to 20 times, we are able to observe the tiny and faint objects that are almost at the end of the observable cosmos.

A giant stream of hydrogen

A giant stream of pure hydrogen was detected in the group of galaxies NGC 7448. Scientists scratching their heads. Located 500 million light-years away, the hydrogen bridge stretches a length of 2.6 million light-years (about 20 times bigger than the milky Way in size) and connects several galaxies with its ghostly green appendages.

Astronomers never expected to find such a gas monster, and what was their surprise when it became known that, firstly, such large gatherings of hydrogen is never found outside of galaxies. Secondly, some only the size of this thing are just staggering: it has more hydrogen than galaxies of the milky Way and Andromeda together. There are several possible explanations, the most interesting of which implies that we see the remnants of a galactic collision. The gravitational influence of the participating galaxies pulled and stretched the gas flow like giant noodles.

Planet, which was not to be

Kepler 78b is an anomaly: it should not exist. As Jupiter's moon IO, Kepler 78b is a hellish planet of lava and fire. However, her odd size, combined with an unusually close orbit around stars caused a little stir in the scientific community.

Astronomers don't know how a planet of this size was so close to its parent star, as there are no theories of planetamazon that could explain it. And when we say "close", we mean the range of fluctuation — Kepler 78b is only 1.6 million miles from the sun and completes a year in just 9 hours.

The planet is just 1.2 times bigger than Earth and nearly twice as massive, so very similar to our planet. Its location ensures a thorough roasting, and temperatures on surface up to 2400 degrees Celsius. The data also show that in his youth the star was much bigger, so now the planet is more or less comfortable feel. Because the planet obviously could not have formed where they are today, there should be a new theory about how it got there. However, most likely, 78b will soon be destroyed by their star, as the spiral nears its end.

Massive star cluster in the milky Way

Just 25 000 light years from us lies the Quintuplet cluster — one of the most impressive sights of the milky Way. Accumulation is a kind of cosmic kindergarten-full of young and bright stars. This area of space is also very tight, the stars are almost in orderly rows.

With such short distances between them, they form a hot gaseous cocktail that reaches temperatures of 50 million degrees Celsius. The cluster is also located extremely close to the center of the galaxy, where supergiant black hole Sagittarius A, swallowing up matter with alarming voracity.

Despite the fact that the Quintuplet cluster is the most massive, dense and bright cluster in our galaxy, it is practically invisible because of the huge amount of garbage in front of him. The center of the milky Way is closed clusters of white hot gas and dust. Therefore, the accumulation of Quintuplet remained hidden from astronomers until 1990 until they were able to look through the infrared light.

Again, the accumulation of Quintuplet will be available for us for a limited time. Because it is just a short walk from the centre of the galaxy, it will soon break gravity. On the other hand, within the next million years you can enjoy it.

Giant ecosolvent system

As growing our stellar encyclopedia, we find many stars there are several planetary systems. 466 account for such examples, although almost half of them there are only two planets. Young systems are easier to detect because they retain residual heat remaining after the formation, and one such example is the HR 8799 dot. Big young star has sheltered four gas giants, next to which Jupiter will be just a toy. Fortunately, the distance from the planets to the star ensures that their light signature, visible in the infrared, very bright and the light of the stars it does not interfere.

And in that time, as the youngest member of this alien solar system makes Jupiter blush, the largest of Jupiter 35 times. Its size, age and the fact that the system is only 130 light years from Earth, makes it possible to easily detect HR 8799 dot. And the fact that we see these gas giants at such a distance from the solar center, opens the way to new theories about how the planets formed.

The Blanket Of The Milky Way

Our milky Way is involved in a massive cosmic puzzle: it lacks of baryons. Some of the expected subatomic particles just disappeared. In principle, it is unlikely that in the galaxy there are many more things that have yet to find, not to mention dark matter, so the question of missing baryons remains open.

However, the recent discovery may finally put an end to this puzzle, because our galaxy seems to be shrouded in a huge cloud of hot gas. It forms something like a halo around the milky Way and burning at a temperature of 1-2. 5 million degrees Celsius. The Chandra Observatory in cooperation with the European XMM Newton and the Japanese satellite Suzaku was able to see some strange things happening with the neighborhood of our Solar system. It turned out that the galaxy is crowned by an incredibly large cloud of hot gas saturated.

This halo gas of indeterminate size may exceed the size of the galaxy, and even more.

The largest radio galaxy

For the radio galaxies are incredibly nice to watch. Call them, because they emit large amounts of energy in radio wave length. The jets, who beat out the centers of galaxies are accelerated by massive black holes and this activity makes them a Prime target for our telescopes.

The largest of galaxies called J1420-0545 and reaches 15 million light-years in space. In diameter it is about 4.5 megaparsecs. Radio galaxies live fast and die young, spraying jets of only 10,000 years or so — not even 1% of the average life expectancy of galaxies does not reach.

Because these galaxies give out on-mountain is a crazy amount of matter and radiation, they exhaust themselves very quickly. A moment later (in cosmological scales) they just disappear and become inconspicuous relics.

 

Source: hi-news.ru

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