488
The observable universe is not found Type III civilizations
Sensitive new generation of telescopes allow astronomers to measure the level of background infrared radiation, which should be an indicator of type III civilization on шкале Nikolai Kardashev . The power consumption of such a civilization comparable to the capacity of the galaxy, about 4 x 10 37 sup> watts. The idea is that it must shine brightly in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum, emitting a large amount of waste heat.
Earlier, a group of astronomers led by Dr. Jason Wright (Jason Wright) from the University of Pennsylvania (USA) has processed a list of 100 000 objects and compiled a list of several hundred galaxies with unusually high levels of radiation in the middle infrared spectrum.
It was assumed that these galaxies may still be home to advanced civilizations. The only problem is that the same spectrum is also inherent in the natural astrophysical processes, namely thermal radiation from the "warm" space dust.
Professor Michael Garrett (Michael Garrett) from Leiden University (Netherlands) decided to test this theory and studied 50 galaxies from the list, not only in the infrared spectrum, but also in other radio bands. The results were disappointing: according to him, in the vast majority of them high levels of infrared radiation is best explained by natural astrophysical processes. In particular, they correspond to the well-known rule of the average correlation of radio waves and infrared (mid-infrared radio correlation). The observed radio emission corresponds to what should be in the presence of a given level of the mid-IR, based on the known correlation.
"Research by our colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania have found that these galaxies are very rare, however Our analysis has shown that the situation is actually much worse, - объясняет Professor Garrett. - Apparently, the developed civilization kardashёvskie third type do not exist in the observable universe. This means that we can sleep peacefully - the alien invasion does not seem possible! »
If we discard the jokes, the professor paid special attention to several galaxies that are still not fit into the known correlation. According to scientists, they should be investigated further to prove certain natural causes "anomalies».
However, the absence of radiation in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum does not guarantee the absence of a highly developed civilization. It is still possible, though difficult feasible, said Professor Garrett: "In fact, it is extremely unusual and disturbing to see what type III civilization, apparently, does not exist. This is not what we would have predicted, based on the current picture of the physical structure of the world so well explained by the behavior of the universe. Apparently, something we lack. Maybe such a civilization so energy efficient that almost do not emit waste heat. But it is difficult to implement in terms of modern physics ».
The technique that the professor used in his work, is applicable to research Type II civilizations. They have not learned to use the energy of the entire galaxy, but have mastered the central star of a planetary system (power consumption of about 4 x 10 26 sup> W), for example, by Dyson sphere. These civilizations much more advanced than human civilization has not grown to the type I Kardashev scale. We are now at about the level of technological development 0, 72 .
The Earth. Level 0, 72 for Kardashev scale i>
The scientific article by Michael Garrett опубликована September 15, 2015 in the journal «Astronomy and Astrophysics» ( pdf ) .
Source: geektimes.ru/post/262620/
