6, the most outrageous of scientific experiments on children

What if for the sake of humanity, let's say, cancer need to briefly leave several frightened children in the wild? And just to satisfy scientific curiosity? Do you think the answer is obvious? Alas, not all. Some scientists do not see anything wrong in that, for the sake of science ...

1. Take him children in the wild forest and set on each drugana 1954 Turkish psychologist Muzaffer Sheriff wondered what would happen if you throw two groups of children in the distant and lonely place to make quarrel with each other?



Another way to satisfy scientific curiosity, but to experiment, Sheriff did not know why scored two groups of eleven ordinary 11-year-olds in each. The children were sure that he was going on a summer camp and three weeks relaxing anticipating climbing in the mountains, fishing and swimming.

None of them could not imagine that the parents have signed consent for their participation in the experiment, the Sheriff, and that there is another about anything unsuspecting peer group specifically typed to relieve them.

The first week, everything went well because the two groups were kept apart from each other. This is the time allotted to it to build relationships within each group. And here and there formed a certain hierarchy, there were leaders and came up with the name - one group wished to be called "Eagles", another - "rattlesnakes».

And when each group formed a "real team" Snakes and Eagles have allowed "by chance" to find out about each other. The second stage of the experiment, which researchers have made every effort to adjust the conflicts, and then watched as the feud will go far.

It began with innocent games like basketball and tug of war, and in the form of prizes for the winners of a penknife, and resentment for the losers. Then the researchers cleverly broadened and deepened the conflict and, eventually, to organize a party on which the Eagles brought a little earlier.

First come gladly ate all very tasty, leaving rivals pitiful scraps. Snakes were offended and went to call Orlov. Then followed by throwing a plate of food, which in the end resulted in a full-scale battle. After that, children from different groups came into a rage every time you saw each other, and each time tried to arrange rivals some nasty.

In general, the sheriff and his team succeeded in record time (less than three weeks) to transform ordinary 11-year-olds with no behavioral problems in aggressive crowd of savages. Long live science!

By the way, Sheriff was doing similar experiments three times, and each time they ended in serious clashes.

2. Program the children in the violence, and then slip them klounaV early 60s psychologist Albert Bandura decided to find out whether children tend to imitate the aggressive behavior of adults. He took a huge inflatable doll clown, which he called Bobo, and directed the film, as an adult aunt scolds him, pounding, kicking, and even beats hammer. Then he showed it as a group of 24 preschoolers. The second group showed a video without violence, and the third showed nothing.



Then all three groups alternately ran into the room, where he was a clown Bobo, a few hammers and even toy guns, although no one video no firearm was not mentioned.

Children who watched violent video without losing time proceeded to torment poor Bobo. One boy put a gun to the head clown and began to whisper something about how happy knock out his brains.

In the other two groups did not have even a hint of violence.



After the Pandora presented his findings to the scientific community, there was a lot of skeptics who say that all this proves nothing, since a rubber doll in order and come to kick it.

Then Pandora made a film with a mockery of the living adult man wearing a clown, then he gathered even more children showed them their netlenku again ran into the room to the (already living!) Bobo. As many of you may have guessed, and without any experiment, the children began to insult, beat and kick the living clown with the same zeal as the first time.

At this time, the assertion of Pandora that children imitate the behavior of adults, no one dared to challenge not.

3. Experiment with a broken kukloyPsihologi University of Iowa decided to figure out how to have kids there is a feeling of guilt. To do this, they conducted an experiment, which was named "Broken Doll».



Adult showed the child a toy and tells a moving story about what she was special, as much connected with it and he loved it when I was very young. Then he gave the child a toy, punishing be very, very careful.

Once the toy is provided in the children's hands, she "broke" the most terrible and hopeless way - it was set up a special mechanism. Adult, according to the instructions, should take a deep breath and sit silently staring at the kid for a minute.

Imagine a child who is sitting in the sepulchral silence under your reproachful look, shrinks, hiding his eyes, covers his head with his hands. A moment that stretched to infinity.

It is interesting that children who appeared to have been injured with a broken doll experiment, the most, the next five years behaved much about. Maybe the experiment really taught them a healthy sense of guilt. Perhaps these children at an early age learned that adults can expect all the bases.

4. Trick mladentsaKak only small children begin to crawl, they immediately understand that it is not necessary to climb down the steep surfaces, because you can fall off and hit hard. But how do they know that the fall, if you do not fall even once in his life?

The study of this phenomenon, according to scientists at Cornell University Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, was unthinkable without having to push the baby to the edge of the "terrible abyss" and convince crawl forward.



They contrived so-called "open eye" - an ingenious design of the boards laid on top of the thick glass. Then all this was disguised with a cloth with a corresponding pattern. The result was a complete illusion that the glass in place - an empty space to the floor. It would seem - that's okay, no real danger to the crumbs there.

Of course, physical harm to a child, this experiment is not represented. But ...

Children one pushed to the edge "cliff" and the mother from the other side trying to persuade them to crawl through the window. In other words, they are somewhere scored mothers who tried to persuade her crumbs to do what they believed (and rightly so) certain death. And the babies had to choose between obedience and a sense of self-preservation.

Thus, it was tested 36 children aged 6 to 14 months. Only three of them crawling on the glass. Most turned around and crawled backwards from mothers side. The remaining burst into tears.

Despite the fact that most children do not fall for the bait of experimenters, they still proved to be too close to the edge of the "cliff" and the real situation could easily fall. What helped Gibson and Walk to make a "sensational" concluded that "children should not be left at the edge, regardless of how well they can determine the depth».

Who would have thought!

5. Use the orphans to train future mamEto was in those days when the girls gave to schools only for them to learn to cook, and to please her husband and keep house.



Someone came up with the "brilliant" idea - to prepare adolescent girls to be mothers with the help of the living benefits. That is true of children orphaned.

Beginning around 1920, these institutions have started to "borrow" from orphanages hundreds of children who could practice their young pupils. Children are kept in special classrooms where the classes to run a group of 8-12 "mothers».

These children's names were kept secret, so they came up with the girls nicknames, sometimes quite humiliating. After a year or two of work "visual aids" joined up in foster homes.

The program lasted until the 1960s.

6. Turn the mutilated penis length of an entire experiment zhiznDevid Reimer, like his twin brother, born in 1965 in Winnipeg (Canada). When he was eight months old, his parents brought him to the doctor to get circumcised. Instead of a scalpel doctor for some reason decided to take electrocauter (cautery device for electric current; approx. Mixstuff.ru). And during the procedure accidentally burned to David's penis.



Heartbroken parents went to a psychologist for advice Dr. John Money, who specialized in the study of sexual identity. Recommended by Dr. Mani was radical - to carry out sex-change operation and raise David as a girl.

Parents who were willing to do everything possible just to see their children happy, and followed the advice of a reputable doctor. But, as it turned out much later, the quality of life of the child care Mani at the last turn. The doctor did not want to miss the perfect chance for a scientific experiment, which was to "prove that education, and not determine the nature of gender identity and sexual orientation." And the fact that David had a twin brother, let, according to Mani, the opportunity to confirm this hypothesis.



The problem was that David in any did not agree to become a brand. Brenda refused to wear dresses and prefers to play cars and pistol brother, paying no attention to their own dolls. The school is constantly teasing her, because she spoke and acted like a boy.

Desperate parents Brands / David went back to Dr. Mani, but he convinced them that the child simply "difficult age" and soon all will be adjusted. All this time, Mani published scientific article about his experiment, which is considered as the complete and absolute scientific triumph.

And when David grew up and learned the truth, Dr. Mani suddenly veered and stopped the work published. A couple of decades of him nothing could be heard. And only in the 1997th from the archives of documents surfaced showing the catastrophic damage that he has caused poor David.

via factroom.ru