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April 5, 1242, Battle of the Ice
On Saturday, April 5,
Crude dawn sometimes
Advanced considered
Going dark Germans build Battle 5 April 1242 on the ice of Lake Chud - one of the glorious episodes in Russian history. Naturally, it has attracted the attention of scholars and popularizers of science. But the evaluation of this event frequently affected ideological tendencies. Description Battle overgrown speculation and myths. It is said that in this battle with each of the parties involved from 10 to 17 thousand people. This equates to battle extremely crowded.
For objectivity's sake it should be noted that in the study of the Battle on the Ice, and achieved positive results. They are associated with the specification of the place of battle, bringing in all the surviving Russian and foreign sources.
Summary of reliable information about the battle in 1242 is contained in the Novgorod First Chronicle Senior recension. Her recording of contemporary events. Chronicler said general data about the war with the Livonian Order of Novgorod in 1242 a few brief remarks, he left and about the battle itself. Next Russian source - "The Life of Alexander Nevsky", founded in 1280 nd was largely based on the stories of witnesses who knew and watched Prince Alexander Yaroslavich as a military leader, adds little chronicle. Powered only evidence "Samovydets allegedly who had seen a favorable sign in the heavens - a regiment of God."
Alexander Nevsky arranged the Russian army in the south-eastern shore of Lake Peipsi, opposite the island of Crow's stone. On the order of battle forces unknown. It is believed that it was "polchny number" with the guard in front of the regiment. Judging by the chronicles miniatures, the order of battle facing the rear of the steep steep eastern shore of the lake, and the best squad to ambush Alexander hid behind one of the wings. The selected position has been beneficial in that the Germans were advancing on the open ice, were unable to determine the location, size and composition of Russian ratification.
Crusader army lined up "wedge" ("pig", in Russian chronicles). The chain mail and helmets, with long swords, they seemed invulnerable. The plan consisted of the Livonian Knights to a powerful blow to crush large regiment of Alexander Nevsky, and then - flanking shelves. But Alexander solved the plan of the enemy. At the center of his system he put shelves weaker and from the flanks - the strongest. On one side was covered ambush regiment.
At sunrise, noticing a small detachment of Russian shooters knight "pig" rushed at him.
Details of the battle known bad - and many can only guess. German colonies, chase retreating Russian troops, apparently received some information from the exiled forward patrols, and on the ice of Lake Peipus is already out in order of battle, ahead of going bollards, behind them stretched a discordant string "Chudinov," which from the rear pursed a row of knights and sergeants of the bishop of Dorpat. Apparently, even before the clash with Russian troops between the head of the column and the Chud formed a small gap.
The moment of the fight, "rhymed chronicle" describes: "The Russian had a lot of shooters who bravely stepped forward and took the first onslaught of the warriors before the prince." Probably the archers did not inflict serious losses. Shelled the Germans, the archers had no other option but to move to the flanks of a large regiment. Arrows took the brunt of the "Iron Regiment" and the courageous resistance visibly upset its progress.
Putting long spears, the Germans attacked the center ("forehead") order of battle Russian. That is what is written in the "Chronicle": "Banners brothers infiltrated shot could be heard ringing swords were cut hats as both sides fell on the grass fallen" most likely it was written from the words of an eyewitness who was in the back of the troops, and it is possible that the warrior took for advanced archers, some other Russian division.
Selected tactic paid off. About breakout enemy Novgorod regiments Russian chronicler wrote: "The Germans and chyud probishasya pigs through the shelf." Knights broke through the Russian defense orders "Chela". However, stumbled on the steep bank of the lake, slow-moving, encased in armor knights could not build on their success. Knight cavalry boring, as the rear ranks pushed the front ranks of the Knights, who had nowhere to turn for combat. Bitter melee. And in the midst of her best, when the "pig" is fully drawn into the fight, Alexander Nevsky on a signal from its wings at full power hit the shelves left and right hands.
German "wedge" was trapped in a pincer movement. At this time, the squad Alexander struck from behind and completed the encirclement of the enemy. "The army was surrounded by brothers».
The enemy was surrounded and because he had only 2 options: to die or surrender. Apparently, someone still managed to break out of the encirclement. Some fled the Germans got on thin ice, and as it says in the first book of the chronicles of the Sofia "Flood water a little." Turning to another document, the First Novgorod Chronicle, you can see that the number of prisoners amounted to 50 people, and on the battlefield fell 400. However, the question of the loss of the parties is still controversial.
The immediate result of the Battle of Lake Peipus was the conclusion of the agreement between the Germans and Novgorod, according to which the Crusaders went from all Russian lands seized by them.
The history of the struggle against the German invaders Battle on the Ice is an important date. The Germans have not stopped their trips to Russia, but they could not cause a significant impact on the northern lands.
Monument of volunteers at Mount Alexander Nevsky in Pskov
Sokoliha
Konstantin Simonov wrote wonderful poetry of this battle. Here is an excerpt entirely:
mmedia.nsu.ru/culture/DATA/obj1953/FILE_PDF.pdf
It was the first onslaught of the Germans feared
The Russian infantry angle.
Two rows of mounted towers
They kerf ahead.
Like a storm of white sheep,
Among the German Shishakov
He caught glimpses of white shirts,
Lamb hats men.
They open the eyes
The Germans were bare-chested,
Cutting his fingers to the bone,
Leaning spear to the ground.
Gauntlet German were cut
Shoulder to shoulder, back to back,
Already mixed people, horses,
Swords, axes, hatchets,
But the prince still quietly
I am watching the battle with the mountain
And just wait until the Livonians,
Mixed series, were drawn into the fight,
He polyhnuv sword in the sun,
He led a squad for.
Raising the swords of the Russian steel,
Bent spear shafts,
From the forest to cry flew
Novogorodskie shelves.
They flew across the ice with a clang, with thunder,
By bending a shaggy mane,
And the first horse on the vast
The German system kerf Prince.
And retreated to the prince,
Throwing spears and shields,
With horses the Germans toppled to the ground,
Raising his iron fingers.
It was a severe disorder
Iron, blood and water.
In place of the knightly orders
We went to the bloody footprints.
Under these horses were drowned,
Underneath the ice rose on end,
Their stirrups pulled to the bottom,
They did not give shell swim ...
And the prince, hardly cooled down from landfills,
From under the hand of the next,
Like the rest of the fugitives pathetic
By leaving the Livonian lands.
Source:
Crude dawn sometimes
Advanced considered
Going dark Germans build Battle 5 April 1242 on the ice of Lake Chud - one of the glorious episodes in Russian history. Naturally, it has attracted the attention of scholars and popularizers of science. But the evaluation of this event frequently affected ideological tendencies. Description Battle overgrown speculation and myths. It is said that in this battle with each of the parties involved from 10 to 17 thousand people. This equates to battle extremely crowded.
For objectivity's sake it should be noted that in the study of the Battle on the Ice, and achieved positive results. They are associated with the specification of the place of battle, bringing in all the surviving Russian and foreign sources.
Summary of reliable information about the battle in 1242 is contained in the Novgorod First Chronicle Senior recension. Her recording of contemporary events. Chronicler said general data about the war with the Livonian Order of Novgorod in 1242 a few brief remarks, he left and about the battle itself. Next Russian source - "The Life of Alexander Nevsky", founded in 1280 nd was largely based on the stories of witnesses who knew and watched Prince Alexander Yaroslavich as a military leader, adds little chronicle. Powered only evidence "Samovydets allegedly who had seen a favorable sign in the heavens - a regiment of God."
Alexander Nevsky arranged the Russian army in the south-eastern shore of Lake Peipsi, opposite the island of Crow's stone. On the order of battle forces unknown. It is believed that it was "polchny number" with the guard in front of the regiment. Judging by the chronicles miniatures, the order of battle facing the rear of the steep steep eastern shore of the lake, and the best squad to ambush Alexander hid behind one of the wings. The selected position has been beneficial in that the Germans were advancing on the open ice, were unable to determine the location, size and composition of Russian ratification.
Crusader army lined up "wedge" ("pig", in Russian chronicles). The chain mail and helmets, with long swords, they seemed invulnerable. The plan consisted of the Livonian Knights to a powerful blow to crush large regiment of Alexander Nevsky, and then - flanking shelves. But Alexander solved the plan of the enemy. At the center of his system he put shelves weaker and from the flanks - the strongest. On one side was covered ambush regiment.
At sunrise, noticing a small detachment of Russian shooters knight "pig" rushed at him.
Details of the battle known bad - and many can only guess. German colonies, chase retreating Russian troops, apparently received some information from the exiled forward patrols, and on the ice of Lake Peipus is already out in order of battle, ahead of going bollards, behind them stretched a discordant string "Chudinov," which from the rear pursed a row of knights and sergeants of the bishop of Dorpat. Apparently, even before the clash with Russian troops between the head of the column and the Chud formed a small gap.
The moment of the fight, "rhymed chronicle" describes: "The Russian had a lot of shooters who bravely stepped forward and took the first onslaught of the warriors before the prince." Probably the archers did not inflict serious losses. Shelled the Germans, the archers had no other option but to move to the flanks of a large regiment. Arrows took the brunt of the "Iron Regiment" and the courageous resistance visibly upset its progress.
Putting long spears, the Germans attacked the center ("forehead") order of battle Russian. That is what is written in the "Chronicle": "Banners brothers infiltrated shot could be heard ringing swords were cut hats as both sides fell on the grass fallen" most likely it was written from the words of an eyewitness who was in the back of the troops, and it is possible that the warrior took for advanced archers, some other Russian division.
Selected tactic paid off. About breakout enemy Novgorod regiments Russian chronicler wrote: "The Germans and chyud probishasya pigs through the shelf." Knights broke through the Russian defense orders "Chela". However, stumbled on the steep bank of the lake, slow-moving, encased in armor knights could not build on their success. Knight cavalry boring, as the rear ranks pushed the front ranks of the Knights, who had nowhere to turn for combat. Bitter melee. And in the midst of her best, when the "pig" is fully drawn into the fight, Alexander Nevsky on a signal from its wings at full power hit the shelves left and right hands.
German "wedge" was trapped in a pincer movement. At this time, the squad Alexander struck from behind and completed the encirclement of the enemy. "The army was surrounded by brothers».
The enemy was surrounded and because he had only 2 options: to die or surrender. Apparently, someone still managed to break out of the encirclement. Some fled the Germans got on thin ice, and as it says in the first book of the chronicles of the Sofia "Flood water a little." Turning to another document, the First Novgorod Chronicle, you can see that the number of prisoners amounted to 50 people, and on the battlefield fell 400. However, the question of the loss of the parties is still controversial.
The immediate result of the Battle of Lake Peipus was the conclusion of the agreement between the Germans and Novgorod, according to which the Crusaders went from all Russian lands seized by them.
The history of the struggle against the German invaders Battle on the Ice is an important date. The Germans have not stopped their trips to Russia, but they could not cause a significant impact on the northern lands.
Monument of volunteers at Mount Alexander Nevsky in Pskov
Sokoliha
Konstantin Simonov wrote wonderful poetry of this battle. Here is an excerpt entirely:
mmedia.nsu.ru/culture/DATA/obj1953/FILE_PDF.pdf
It was the first onslaught of the Germans feared
The Russian infantry angle.
Two rows of mounted towers
They kerf ahead.
Like a storm of white sheep,
Among the German Shishakov
He caught glimpses of white shirts,
Lamb hats men.
They open the eyes
The Germans were bare-chested,
Cutting his fingers to the bone,
Leaning spear to the ground.
Gauntlet German were cut
Shoulder to shoulder, back to back,
Already mixed people, horses,
Swords, axes, hatchets,
But the prince still quietly
I am watching the battle with the mountain
And just wait until the Livonians,
Mixed series, were drawn into the fight,
He polyhnuv sword in the sun,
He led a squad for.
Raising the swords of the Russian steel,
Bent spear shafts,
From the forest to cry flew
Novogorodskie shelves.
They flew across the ice with a clang, with thunder,
By bending a shaggy mane,
And the first horse on the vast
The German system kerf Prince.
And retreated to the prince,
Throwing spears and shields,
With horses the Germans toppled to the ground,
Raising his iron fingers.
It was a severe disorder
Iron, blood and water.
In place of the knightly orders
We went to the bloody footprints.
Under these horses were drowned,
Underneath the ice rose on end,
Their stirrups pulled to the bottom,
They did not give shell swim ...
And the prince, hardly cooled down from landfills,
From under the hand of the next,
Like the rest of the fugitives pathetic
By leaving the Livonian lands.
Source:
