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12 ways to destroy the Solar system by the people
Forty nine million four hundred twenty five thousand seven hundred thirty six
We, the people, with great pleasure and skill are trashing our own planet. But who said we can't continue to do it elsewhere? In this list, io9 has collected for you 12 random ways to kill or cause serious harm to our Solar system. Oh, and why.
The accident at the accelerator частиц
Accidentally releasing exotic forms of matter in a particle accelerator, we run the risk of destroying the entire Solar system.
Before the construction of the Large hadron Collider from CERN, some scientists were worried that the collision of particles created by high-energy accelerator that can generate such nasty things as vacuum bubbles, magnetic monopoles, microscopic black holes or straplike (droplets of strange matter — a hypothetical form of matter that is similar to normal, but consists of heavy strange quarks). These concerns were defeated by the scientific community in the dust and became nothing more than a rumor spread by incompetent people, or trying to stir up a sensation out of nowhere. In addition, the 2011 report published by the LHC Safety Assesment Group, showed that particle collisions do not pose any danger.
Anders Sandberg, research fellow at Oxford University, believes that a particle accelerator is unlikely to lead to disaster, but notes that if in any way appear straplike, "it will be bad»:
"The transformation of a planet like Mars, strange matter will release part of the rest mass in the form of radiation (and rasplachivayutsya of straplex). If we assume that conversion will take an hour and release a 0.1% as radiation, the luminosity will reach 1.59*10^34 watts, or 42 million more than the luminosity of the Sun. Most of it will be submitted to heavy gamma rays".Oops. Obviously, the TANK is not able to produce strange matter, but perhaps some future experiment on Earth or in space. Authors suggest that strange matter exists under high pressure inside neutron stars. If we can create such conditions by artificial means, the end may come soon enough.
Project star engineering will be used for Planum could destroy the Solar system, severely damaging or changing the Sun is in the process of implementation of project star engineering, or breaking of planetary dynamics in the process.
Some futurists suggest that the future people (or our Posthuman descendants) may decide to run any number of projects with star engineering, including maintaining a stellar economy. David Criswell from the University of Houston star has described agriculture as an attempt to control the evolution and properties of stars, including increasing the term of her life, the recovery of materials or the creation of new stars. To slow down the burning stars, thus increasing the period of her life, the star engineers of the future could get rid of excess weight (large stars burn faster).
But the potential disaster is prohibitive. As plans for the implementation of geoengineering projects on Earth, the star engineering projects can lead to a huge number of unintended consequences or lead to uncontrolled cascading effects. For example, attempts to remove the mass of the Sun can lead to strange and dangerous outbreaks or life-threatening decrease in luminosity. They can also have a significant effect on planetary orbits.
A failed attempt to turn Jupiter in звезду
Some believe that it would be nice to turn Jupiter into a kind of artificial star. But in order to do this, we could destroy Jupiter himself, and with it life on Earth.
The article in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society astrophysicist Martin Fogg suggested that we turn Jupiter into a star within the first step to terraforming the Galilean moons. With this goal in the future people will sow in the primary Jupiter tiny black hole. The black hole must be perfectly designed not to go beyond the boundaries of the Eddington limit (the point of equilibrium between the external radiation force and the internal force of gravity). According to Fogg, this will create "enough energy to create effective temperatures on Europa and Ganymede, to become like Earth and Mars, respectively."
Great, unless something goes wrong. As told Sandberg, at first, everything is good — but the black hole could grow and engulf Jupiter in a flash of radiation that will sterilize the entire Solar system. Without life and with Jupiter in a black hole in our surroundings will reign in a complete mess.
Violation of the orbital dynamics planetcode we start to mess with the location and mass of the planets and other celestial bodies, we risk to upset the delicate orbital balance in our Solar system.
In fact, the orbital dynamics of our Solar system is extremely fragile. It has been calculated that even the slightest disturbance can lead to chaotic and even potentially dangerous orbital movements. The reason is that the planets are in resonance, when any two periods are in a simple numerical ratio (for example, Neptune and Pluto have an orbital resonance of 3:1, as Pluto completes two full orbits for every three orbits of Neptune).
As a result, two of the rotating body can influence each other even if you are too far away. Frequent close convergence can lead to the fact that smaller objects will be destabilized and will descend from their orbits and start a chain reaction throughout the Solar system.
Such chaotic resonances, however, can occur naturally, or we provoke them, moving Sun and planets. As we have noted, there is a potential star engineering. The prospect of moving to Mars in a potentially habitable zone, which would involve a violation of the orbits with asteroids, can also disrupt the orbital balance. On the other hand, if we build a Dyson sphere from materials of mercury and Venus, the orbital dynamics can change in unpredictable ways. Mercury (or what remains of it) can be ejected from the Solar system and the Earth would be dangerously close to big objects like Mars.
Bad maneuver warp двигателя
Spaceship with warp drive — that would be cool, certainly, but also incredibly dangerous. Any object like the planet at the point of destination will be subject to a massive energy expenditure.
Also known as the engine Alcubierre warp drive is one can earn by generating bubbles of negative energy around you. Expanding the space and time for ship and jamming in front of him, this engine can accelerate the ship to speeds not limited by the speed of light.
Unfortunately, this energy bubble has the potential to cause serious damage. In 2012 a group of scientists decided to calculate how much damage can bring that type of power. Jason major from Universe Today explains:
"Space isn't empty between point a and point B... no, it's full of particles that have mass (and who do not have). Scientists came to the conclusion that these particles may be "rolled" on the bubble deformation and to concentrate in the regions in front and behind the ship, as well as in the bladder.When the ship with the Alcubierre engine is slowing down from superluminal speed, the particles collected by the bubble emitted in the form of energy bursts. The burst can be very energetic — enough to destroy something at the destination in the course of the ship."Any people at the destination, wrote the scientists, will sink into Oblivion by the explosion of gamma-rays and high-energy particles due to the extreme blue bias of the particle front in the region."Scientists also add that even with short trips, will emit so much energy that "you are totally going to destroy all that is before you." And by "all" may be a planet. In addition, since the amount of this energy will depend on the path length, potentially at the intensity of this energy there is no limit. Arriving a warp ship could bring far more damage than just destroying the planet.
Problems with artificial червоточиной
The use of a wormhole to bypass the limitations of interstellar travel — it's great in theory, but we have to be very careful tearing the space-time continuum.
Back in 2005, Iranian nuclear physicist Muhammad Masurier outlined the scheme of creating traversable wormholes. Having a sufficient number of effective exotic matter, we could theoretically punch a hole in the cosmological fabric of space-time and creates a short path for the spacecraft.
Document Mensurare does not indicate negative effects, but they says Anders Sandberg:
"First, the neck of the wormhole require mass-energy (possibly negative) in the scale of the black hole of the same size. Second, create loops of time can cause the virtual particles become real and destroy the wormhole in the energy cascade. Probably it will be bad for the environment. In addition, placing one end of the wormhole in the Sun, and the other somewhere else, you can move it, or to irradiate the entire Solar system.
The destruction of the Sun is bad for us all. And radiation, again, sterilize our entire system.
Navigation error engine scadova and катастрофа
If we want to move our Solar system in the distant future, we risk completely destroy it.
In 1987, the Russian physicist Leonid Shkadov proposed the concept of the mega structure, the "engine scadova", which literally can take our Solar system together with all its stuffing to a neighboring star system. In the future it can allow us to abandon the old dying star in favor of younger.
Engine scadova in theory is very simple: it's just a huge curved mirror with the concave side facing the Sun. Builders need to place the mirror at an arbitrary distance, where the gravitational pull of the Sun will be balanced by an outgoing pressure of its radiation. The mirror thus becomes stable static satellite in equilibrium between the tug of gravity and solar light pressure.
Solar radiation will be reflected from the inner curved surface of the mirror back towards the Sun, pushing our star with its own light reflected energy will produce a tiny thrust. The way the engine scadova, and mankind will go to conquer the galaxy together with the star.
What can go wrong? Yes, everything. We can miscalculate and to dissipate the Solar system through space or even collide with another star.
Hence comes an interesting question: if we develop the ability to travel between stars, we need to understand how to manipulate multiple small objects located far beyond our Solar system. We have to be careful. Says Sandberg, "destabilizirovat the Kuiper belt or the Oort cloud, we get a lot of comets that fall upon us."
The attraction of evil инопланетян
If the proponents of searches for extraterrestrial life will achieve what they are looking for, we will successfully pass messages into space, from which it will be clear where we are and capable of. Of course, all aliens must be good.
Return the mutated probes background Неймана
For example, we will send a fleet of probes to exponentially self-replicating von Neumann to colonize our galaxy. If we assume that they will be very poorly programmed, or someone deliberately create evolving probes, in the case of long mutations, they can turn into something completely evil and ill will towards its creators.
In the end, our smart boats will come back to rip our Solar system to suck all the resources or "kill all humans", putting an end to our interesting life.
The incident with gray sysusermessages interplanetary space probes can also exist in much smaller sizes and can be dangerous: exponentially reproducing nanobots. The so-called "grey goo", when an uncontrolled swarm of nanorobots or macrobots will consume all planetary resources to create more copies will not be limited to planet Earth. This mucus can slip on Board leaving the dying star system of the vehicle or even to appear in space as part of megastructure project. Once in the Solar system, it can turn everything into mush.
Rampage faux сверхинтеллекта
One of the dangers of artificial superintelligence is not only the potential to destroy life on Earth but to spread into the Solar system and beyond.
Often cited as an example the scenario of paperclips, when poorly programmed, ISI converts the entire planet into a paper clip. Out-of-control ISI will not necessarily do the clip — it is possible to achieve best effect you will also need the production of an infinite number of computer processors and transformation of all matter on earth into a useful computer. ISI may even develop a meta-ethical imperative to spread their actions across the galaxy.
To make the Solar system бесполезной
What we can achieve if the will die out.published
Source: hi-news.ru
We, the people, with great pleasure and skill are trashing our own planet. But who said we can't continue to do it elsewhere? In this list, io9 has collected for you 12 random ways to kill or cause serious harm to our Solar system. Oh, and why.
The accident at the accelerator частиц
Accidentally releasing exotic forms of matter in a particle accelerator, we run the risk of destroying the entire Solar system.
Before the construction of the Large hadron Collider from CERN, some scientists were worried that the collision of particles created by high-energy accelerator that can generate such nasty things as vacuum bubbles, magnetic monopoles, microscopic black holes or straplike (droplets of strange matter — a hypothetical form of matter that is similar to normal, but consists of heavy strange quarks). These concerns were defeated by the scientific community in the dust and became nothing more than a rumor spread by incompetent people, or trying to stir up a sensation out of nowhere. In addition, the 2011 report published by the LHC Safety Assesment Group, showed that particle collisions do not pose any danger.
Anders Sandberg, research fellow at Oxford University, believes that a particle accelerator is unlikely to lead to disaster, but notes that if in any way appear straplike, "it will be bad»:
"The transformation of a planet like Mars, strange matter will release part of the rest mass in the form of radiation (and rasplachivayutsya of straplex). If we assume that conversion will take an hour and release a 0.1% as radiation, the luminosity will reach 1.59*10^34 watts, or 42 million more than the luminosity of the Sun. Most of it will be submitted to heavy gamma rays".Oops. Obviously, the TANK is not able to produce strange matter, but perhaps some future experiment on Earth or in space. Authors suggest that strange matter exists under high pressure inside neutron stars. If we can create such conditions by artificial means, the end may come soon enough.
Project star engineering will be used for Planum could destroy the Solar system, severely damaging or changing the Sun is in the process of implementation of project star engineering, or breaking of planetary dynamics in the process.
Some futurists suggest that the future people (or our Posthuman descendants) may decide to run any number of projects with star engineering, including maintaining a stellar economy. David Criswell from the University of Houston star has described agriculture as an attempt to control the evolution and properties of stars, including increasing the term of her life, the recovery of materials or the creation of new stars. To slow down the burning stars, thus increasing the period of her life, the star engineers of the future could get rid of excess weight (large stars burn faster).
But the potential disaster is prohibitive. As plans for the implementation of geoengineering projects on Earth, the star engineering projects can lead to a huge number of unintended consequences or lead to uncontrolled cascading effects. For example, attempts to remove the mass of the Sun can lead to strange and dangerous outbreaks or life-threatening decrease in luminosity. They can also have a significant effect on planetary orbits.
A failed attempt to turn Jupiter in звезду
Some believe that it would be nice to turn Jupiter into a kind of artificial star. But in order to do this, we could destroy Jupiter himself, and with it life on Earth.
The article in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society astrophysicist Martin Fogg suggested that we turn Jupiter into a star within the first step to terraforming the Galilean moons. With this goal in the future people will sow in the primary Jupiter tiny black hole. The black hole must be perfectly designed not to go beyond the boundaries of the Eddington limit (the point of equilibrium between the external radiation force and the internal force of gravity). According to Fogg, this will create "enough energy to create effective temperatures on Europa and Ganymede, to become like Earth and Mars, respectively."
Great, unless something goes wrong. As told Sandberg, at first, everything is good — but the black hole could grow and engulf Jupiter in a flash of radiation that will sterilize the entire Solar system. Without life and with Jupiter in a black hole in our surroundings will reign in a complete mess.
Violation of the orbital dynamics planetcode we start to mess with the location and mass of the planets and other celestial bodies, we risk to upset the delicate orbital balance in our Solar system.
In fact, the orbital dynamics of our Solar system is extremely fragile. It has been calculated that even the slightest disturbance can lead to chaotic and even potentially dangerous orbital movements. The reason is that the planets are in resonance, when any two periods are in a simple numerical ratio (for example, Neptune and Pluto have an orbital resonance of 3:1, as Pluto completes two full orbits for every three orbits of Neptune).
As a result, two of the rotating body can influence each other even if you are too far away. Frequent close convergence can lead to the fact that smaller objects will be destabilized and will descend from their orbits and start a chain reaction throughout the Solar system.
Such chaotic resonances, however, can occur naturally, or we provoke them, moving Sun and planets. As we have noted, there is a potential star engineering. The prospect of moving to Mars in a potentially habitable zone, which would involve a violation of the orbits with asteroids, can also disrupt the orbital balance. On the other hand, if we build a Dyson sphere from materials of mercury and Venus, the orbital dynamics can change in unpredictable ways. Mercury (or what remains of it) can be ejected from the Solar system and the Earth would be dangerously close to big objects like Mars.
Bad maneuver warp двигателя
Spaceship with warp drive — that would be cool, certainly, but also incredibly dangerous. Any object like the planet at the point of destination will be subject to a massive energy expenditure.
Also known as the engine Alcubierre warp drive is one can earn by generating bubbles of negative energy around you. Expanding the space and time for ship and jamming in front of him, this engine can accelerate the ship to speeds not limited by the speed of light.
Unfortunately, this energy bubble has the potential to cause serious damage. In 2012 a group of scientists decided to calculate how much damage can bring that type of power. Jason major from Universe Today explains:
"Space isn't empty between point a and point B... no, it's full of particles that have mass (and who do not have). Scientists came to the conclusion that these particles may be "rolled" on the bubble deformation and to concentrate in the regions in front and behind the ship, as well as in the bladder.When the ship with the Alcubierre engine is slowing down from superluminal speed, the particles collected by the bubble emitted in the form of energy bursts. The burst can be very energetic — enough to destroy something at the destination in the course of the ship."Any people at the destination, wrote the scientists, will sink into Oblivion by the explosion of gamma-rays and high-energy particles due to the extreme blue bias of the particle front in the region."Scientists also add that even with short trips, will emit so much energy that "you are totally going to destroy all that is before you." And by "all" may be a planet. In addition, since the amount of this energy will depend on the path length, potentially at the intensity of this energy there is no limit. Arriving a warp ship could bring far more damage than just destroying the planet.
Problems with artificial червоточиной
The use of a wormhole to bypass the limitations of interstellar travel — it's great in theory, but we have to be very careful tearing the space-time continuum.
Back in 2005, Iranian nuclear physicist Muhammad Masurier outlined the scheme of creating traversable wormholes. Having a sufficient number of effective exotic matter, we could theoretically punch a hole in the cosmological fabric of space-time and creates a short path for the spacecraft.
Document Mensurare does not indicate negative effects, but they says Anders Sandberg:
"First, the neck of the wormhole require mass-energy (possibly negative) in the scale of the black hole of the same size. Second, create loops of time can cause the virtual particles become real and destroy the wormhole in the energy cascade. Probably it will be bad for the environment. In addition, placing one end of the wormhole in the Sun, and the other somewhere else, you can move it, or to irradiate the entire Solar system.
The destruction of the Sun is bad for us all. And radiation, again, sterilize our entire system.
Navigation error engine scadova and катастрофа
If we want to move our Solar system in the distant future, we risk completely destroy it.
In 1987, the Russian physicist Leonid Shkadov proposed the concept of the mega structure, the "engine scadova", which literally can take our Solar system together with all its stuffing to a neighboring star system. In the future it can allow us to abandon the old dying star in favor of younger.
Engine scadova in theory is very simple: it's just a huge curved mirror with the concave side facing the Sun. Builders need to place the mirror at an arbitrary distance, where the gravitational pull of the Sun will be balanced by an outgoing pressure of its radiation. The mirror thus becomes stable static satellite in equilibrium between the tug of gravity and solar light pressure.
Solar radiation will be reflected from the inner curved surface of the mirror back towards the Sun, pushing our star with its own light reflected energy will produce a tiny thrust. The way the engine scadova, and mankind will go to conquer the galaxy together with the star.
What can go wrong? Yes, everything. We can miscalculate and to dissipate the Solar system through space or even collide with another star.
Hence comes an interesting question: if we develop the ability to travel between stars, we need to understand how to manipulate multiple small objects located far beyond our Solar system. We have to be careful. Says Sandberg, "destabilizirovat the Kuiper belt or the Oort cloud, we get a lot of comets that fall upon us."
The attraction of evil инопланетян
If the proponents of searches for extraterrestrial life will achieve what they are looking for, we will successfully pass messages into space, from which it will be clear where we are and capable of. Of course, all aliens must be good.
Return the mutated probes background Неймана
For example, we will send a fleet of probes to exponentially self-replicating von Neumann to colonize our galaxy. If we assume that they will be very poorly programmed, or someone deliberately create evolving probes, in the case of long mutations, they can turn into something completely evil and ill will towards its creators.
In the end, our smart boats will come back to rip our Solar system to suck all the resources or "kill all humans", putting an end to our interesting life.
The incident with gray sysusermessages interplanetary space probes can also exist in much smaller sizes and can be dangerous: exponentially reproducing nanobots. The so-called "grey goo", when an uncontrolled swarm of nanorobots or macrobots will consume all planetary resources to create more copies will not be limited to planet Earth. This mucus can slip on Board leaving the dying star system of the vehicle or even to appear in space as part of megastructure project. Once in the Solar system, it can turn everything into mush.
Rampage faux сверхинтеллекта
One of the dangers of artificial superintelligence is not only the potential to destroy life on Earth but to spread into the Solar system and beyond.
Often cited as an example the scenario of paperclips, when poorly programmed, ISI converts the entire planet into a paper clip. Out-of-control ISI will not necessarily do the clip — it is possible to achieve best effect you will also need the production of an infinite number of computer processors and transformation of all matter on earth into a useful computer. ISI may even develop a meta-ethical imperative to spread their actions across the galaxy.
To make the Solar system бесполезной
What we can achieve if the will die out.published
Source: hi-news.ru
