Crimea. Karadag - the oldest extinct volcano in the world (32 photos) Bashny.Net

Kara Dag is one of the most unique and memorable places in the Crimea. This ancient volcanic massif steeped in ancient times by various legends and all sorts of rumors. Familiar to many holidaymakers in Crimea view - an outstanding array of far out to sea on the horizon Karadag. Looking at it from this point, not immediately say that once there erupted volcano, completely changing the landscape of the vast surrounding areas ... Kiev volcanologist Stepan Romchishin says that the volcano Karadag died 150 million years ago, and has the potential to wake up and Now - "If explode Karadag, Crimea will not be until the end of the day. A cloud of volcanic ash will destroy every living thing to Dnepropetrovsk. The column of ash rises to 50 kilometers, and the magma will follow a few days. During the eruption of a volcano under a cavity, so he falls into the abyss, and then explodes. The force of the volcano can be equated to a hundred atomic bombs. " Scientists suggest that the explosion incandescent to 200 ° C ash smashed a huge area- up to the Russian city of Smolensk in the north and part of the territory of Turkey and other Black Sea countries to the south, west and east. Aqua speed will reach 400 km / h. For example, recently the most powerful volcanic eruption, on the assumptions of scientists, there were 74 thousand years ago in New Zealand. It almost became fatal to mankind. The air is thrown millions of tons of ash and sulfur. Worldwide temperature fell to 15 degrees. The ash floating in the atmosphere and do not miss the sun's rays. Sulphur rains destroyed nearly all the forests in Asia. Then, on the restoration of nature it took more than 300 years.





Karadag is very different from all other mountain ranges in the Crimea. The chaotic jumble of sinister black rocks, aimed in different directions, inaccessible gorge and dips, stone walls, which snap into the sea and forming inaccessible from the shore of the bay, the harsh stone figures meter Cities. All this is a consequence of acting here 150 million years ago, volcanic



Diverse and unusual forms of relief volcanic massif with a complex geological structure emerged in the later periods, by weathering and erosion. The gently sloping and flat continental slope of the Coastal Range is protected, like armor, from the destruction of a powerful broad lava flow ...



And the opposite slope, facing the sea, completely different. It is strongly dissected and difficult to pass, rugged canyons and surrounded with sloping ridges of lava flows, bolt upright along the slope.



Modern bowl Karadag (as viewed in the height on Karadag, today it is just a bowl whose walls consist of ridges and peaks) is very diverse, and the relief and the landscape. Standing at one point, looking in one direction, you will see overgrown with grass and shrubs quite familiar mountain peaks forming the Crimean landscape is quite familiar, and looking the other way ...



see the rock of the Dead Cities in which many thousands of years, barely able to catch at least some vegetation. And it is not everywhere.



It is therefore dead, the fact that many of the cliff towering black dead idols, like in the famous fantasy Mordor



Diverse in appearance and mineral composition of volcanic rocks Karadag formed during the solidification of lava. Very often there are pillow lavas flows. It is a chaotic jumble of isolations lava cushion, and ballonoobraznoy ellipsoidal shape with smooth contours, and each of them with a solid cooling surface hardening crust. Pillow flows particularly spectacular on the southern slope of the ridge Magnetic, in which they extend obliquely in the form of powerful sloping stone walls. There are seven flow capacity of 15 - 25 m each.



The most varied compositions of lava on the slopes of Karagach. There are five kinds of rocks, linked by gradual transitions. The change of rock from the bottom up in the following order: keratophyres - partly albitized porphyrite - porphyrite - dvupirooksenovy andesite - andesite vitreous. It is because they are made up are the most famous Rock-Kings



But rebounding from the names and types of rocks, not to make a hole in your and your brain, I can only say that they are some incredible set. Each breed is somehow in their own forms rocks and stones in a variety of forms



We should also tell about the various places where the craters and lava to the surface. Remnants of craters on Karadag few. The most famous of them - the Devil's Chimney.



Perfectly preserved, spectacular, beautiful classical concentric shapes - a perfect example of subvolcanic bodies.



The second crater is the brightest representative of the rock Ivan Rogue, which I told separately. Remember, cork, shutting up the mouth of a volcano?



Needless to muzzle closeup



In addition to the main craters, volcanoes often do have a few, or even a lot of parasitic craters, which also flows through the lava. They can be defined to a particular form (part or even the whole circle and the fan-shaped arrangement of columnar jointings)



Here is another part of the giant circle - Sail Rock



And all that has been preserved, a parasitic crater



At the base of Devil's Thumb, at the border of land and water, we can see another small parasitic crater



We should also be said about the numerous dykes. Dyke - a frozen magma plate-like shape, the prepared weathering from others less resistant rocks. The most famous Karadag dike - Dyke Lion. Located under the Devil's Fireplace crater, it is surrounded by a few small and one large dike. In addition, the structure of the Coastal Range in relation to the ridge Hoba-Tepe allows scientists to suggest that it is here that housed the main crater of the volcano.



22. Sometimes there is a "stone forest" of giant teeth, teeth and stone peaks, which are formed in the thick layers of volcanic tuff, dissected by vertical cracks. It's all dykes surrounding Dyke Leo



Beginning at an altitude of several hundred meters, the giant ridges down to the sea



Some of them literally cut through mountain ranges. A weathered over many thousands of years on either side of the crest of the gorge formed.



Under some "after" the mountain ridges formed caves, including underwater. One of them - Gremyashchy grotto. It sounds from this grotto formed the famous legend of the snake Karadag, which seems to be someone once saw, and many often heard its roar in the fog. This legend even formed the basis for the story "The Fatal Eggs" by Mikhail Bulgakov.



. Famous Golden Gate - a rock-outlier, towering over the failure of the sea and the volcano is also generated



The figures, remnants of the entrance to the Dead City



The yields of different species are found almost everywhere



As if frozen foam



In addition to the geological structures and a variety of different forms, hit the rocks and its color schemes



Columnar separately everywhere. I imagine how much lava poured out here 150 million years ago



Sagging lava



Autumn unusual structure rock Levinson-Lessing.



But as for the possibility of an explosion of the volcano Karadag in our time, according to scientists, it is only the probability of 0, 00000, and how much interest there. He would sleep for a long time because is not located at the junction of tectonic plates, namely by their collision split the earth ... So you can sleep soundly)



Source: aquatek-filips.livejournal.com