17 major scientific discoveries of 2013.

Over the past year much of humanity has reached 2013, there was a lot of important scientific discoveries - from the intergalactic neutrinos and invisible brain to create a tiny "organelles". Before you - the 17 most important scientific discoveries of the outgoing year.



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In November, the astronomers said that 22% of stars similar to our Sun, the Milky Way has a potentially habitable planets around their orbits. Dimensions distant planets comparable to the Earth. This remarkable finding suggests that our galaxy may be more than two billion habitable planets, and the nearest such a planet may be just 12 light years from Earth. Perhaps there - a twin of the Earth? It is still unknown, but thanks to the telescope, "Kepler" we have all the data to find out, it remains only to analyze them. Perhaps his second home, we have already found.



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In March, NASA scientists have published perhaps the most compelling evidence to date that the Red Planet could be home to life. Earlier this year, «Curiosity» drilled several samples of sedimentary rocks near the old riverbed in the crater Gale. In this area there are a series of lines, similar to the dry river bed that can testify to the fact that the planet once had water. Using the on-board computers of the rover, NASA scientists have analyzed these samples for some of the critical elements necessary for life, including sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and carbon. Currently, the rover moves to its main scientific objective - Mount Eolida (aka Mount Sharp), five kilometers high, located in the center of the crater Gale. There he will try to find other proofs of the existence of life.



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DNA extracted from the well-preserved 400,000-year-old femur complicates our understanding of human evolution. First, anatomists thought that the bone belonged to the Neanderthal, but further study led to the assumption that the bone belonged to even his predecessor, and the representative of a separate branch of the hominid, known under the name denisovan. Conclusions leading anthropologists are redefining the past several hundred thousand years of human evolution. It is possible that there are many extinct human populations that may interbreed and thus exchanging DNA.



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In May, the researchers got stem cells from cloned human embryos. This controversial new technology may lead to new treatments for diseases such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes - as well as a step to bring us closer to human reproductive cloning.

via factroom.ru