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100 years of earthquakes (20 photos)
Earthquake in Japan shook the whole world. We talked about it here. Photos consequences from the ground and from the air.
Summary of the Geological Society of London on the most powerful earthquakes in the past 100 years. In order to understand the power of aftershocks - a little help.
What is the magnitude of 1. If it is very rude - imagine that you jumped on the floor apartment from the cabinet. Your neighbors will experience virtually no vibration. Earthquake in 2 points almost tangible. Increasing the magnitude of 1, 0 corresponds to an increase in the oscillation amplitude by 10 times and an increase in power of about 32 times. In Japan, there were 9, 1.
1. April 18, 1906, in San Francisco.
At 5:12 am in San Francisco, there was a strong earthquake, the magnitude of which was 7, 8 on the Richter scale. Tremors were felt even in the middle of Nevada, located in the interior of the continent. As a result of this disaster is almost 80% of the buildings in the city of San Francisco was destroyed homeless were 300,000 people, 3000 - died. 2. December 28, 1908, Messina, Italy.
The epicenter of the earthquake of magnitude 7, 5 points located in the strait between Sicily and the Italian peninsula. As a result of this earthquake, which is considered the most powerful European earthquake, were almost completely destroyed the city of Messina and Reggio Calabria. In Messina lost almost half of the population. The total number of deaths is estimated at 70 -100 000 people (some sources put the figure to 200 thousand).
3. On 1 September 1923, the Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan.
This earthquake of magnitude 8, 3 points is called the Great Kanto earthquake, as the Japanese Kanto province hardest hit by the disaster. Over the two days was 356 aftershocks, and the height of the tsunami in Sagami Bay reached 12 meters. The death toll of the disaster is estimated at 142,800 people.
4. Quetta, Pakistan, 1936.
The earthquake completely destroyed the city's infrastructure, the death toll was almost 40 000 people, with damage estimated at US $ 25 million.
5. Concepcion, Chile, 1939.
Magnitude quake was 8, 3 points. Killed 28 000 people, the damage amounted to almost $ 100 million.
6. December 26, 1939 Erzincan, Turkey.
This city regularly have experienced strong earthquakes. In 1939, the element has claimed the lives of 36 to 39 thousand people.
7. 29 February 1960, Agadir, Morocco.
An earthquake measuring 5, 9 points lasted only 15 seconds, but the death toll was 15,000 people, injured 12,000, 35,000 were left homeless.
8. Chimbote, Peru, 1970.
An earthquake of magnitude 7, 7 points seriously damaged fishing enterprises, which caused unemployment and impoverishment of the population for several years. At the time of the earthquake killed 67,000 people, with damage estimated at $ 550 million.
9. July 27, 1976, Tien Shan, China.
This earthquake of magnitude 8, 2 points is considered one of the largest number of victims in the history of observations. Then the element has claimed more than 650,000 lives.
10. Feb. 4, 1976, Guatemala.
The earthquake of magnitude 7, 5 points, killing more than 22 thousand people, and 70,000 were injured. The damage amounted to 1, 1 billion dollars.
11. September 19, 1985 Mexico City, Mexico.
This earthquake of magnitude 8, 1 point is considered one of the most devastating earthquakes of America. The number of dead was then 9000 people injured was 30,000 and 100,000 were left homeless.
12. On 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia.
The magnitude of the catastrophic Spitak earthquake was 7, 2 points. The city of Spitak and another 58 villages were completely destroyed. The number of dead was 25 thousand people and 514 thousand homeless. Damage was estimated at $ 14 billion.
13. On 17 October 1989, San Francisco, California, USA.
The earthquake, magnitude of which was 7, 1 point occurred just before a baseball game "World Series", so in the US this earthquake is also called the "earthquake World Series." Compared to other earthquakes killed was not so much: 68 people. Tremors completely destroyed the entire network of roads, and the total property damage amounted to $ 6 billion.
14. On 17 January 1995 earthquake in Kobe - one of the largest in Japan.
Magnitude quake was 7, 3 points. Died 6434 human losses amounted to $ 200 million.
15. On 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Turkey.
Magnitude 7, 6 points, the number of victims amounted to 17,217 people, more than 43 thousand were injured. The earthquake triggered a fire at the refinery, which is required to put out a few days. The total damage amounted to $ 25 billion.
16. On 26 December 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean.
Magnitude was 9, 1 point. The earthquake occurred most lethal in the modern history of the tsunami that killed nearly 300 000 people. Monstrous earthquake changed the Earth's rotation rate, because of what knocks became shorter by 2, 68 microseconds.
17. On 12 May 2008 Sichuan earthquake, China.
Magnitude was 8 points. Echoes of this earthquake were felt even in Russia. The number of dead was 68 thousand people, the damage - 20 billion dollars.
18. On 27 February 2010, Maule Region, Chile.
The magnitude of the massive earthquake in Chile was 8, 8 points, the total number of deaths reached nearly 800 people. The earthquake occurred tsunami, which reached even to Australia.
19. On 11 March 2011, an earthquake off the island of Honshu, Japan.
Magnitude to 9, 1 point - is the strongest earthquake in Japan's recorded history. March 14, official sources reported nearly 5,000 dead, but this figure is not final.
20. The biggest tsunami.
The highest tsunami scientists recorded in the Gulf of Lita fordoobraznom, located in the southeast Alaska.
Natural disaster occurred in the evening July 9, 1958, beginning with an earthquake and landslide on Mount Fairweather fault. That was the cause of the landslide, triggering a wave of record-high (524m above sea level). A huge rock mass has fallen into the water from the rocks on the northeast coast of the Gulf. With a height of 910 meters to 300 million cubic meters of rock, ice and land torn down.
Powerful wave moved across the bay at a rate of 160 km / h. The main blow fell on the south-west coast of the Bay of Hilbert. Wave was of such magnitude that it is easy perehlestnula completely through the shallows at the mouth of the bay. Kos La Gauss, separating the bay from the Gulf of Hilbert, was almost destroyed by the raging elements. A huge number of trees wave uprooted and carried into the ocean. As a result of the disaster in the ground cracks, Coast slipped, and numerous buildings were destroyed.
Lita Bay was a favorite place for fishing the local population. During a disaster in the epicenter of events were three ships. Fishermen felt very strong push to reset them with beds, and witnessed a giant wave vigorously attacked the foot of the mountain.
Eyewitnesses at first it seemed that they face glacier Lita: huge boulders that seemed solid, moving toward them. In the space that used to grow thick forests, wave left only bare rock at an altitude of 600m. Wave lifted one of the barges and dumped it in the ocean, moving effortlessly through the shallows. The ship was blown to splinters, but luckily his fishermen survived and were safely found two hours after the accident. More one longboat also managed to escape, and the third drowned - bodies of fishermen and have not found.
Summary of the Geological Society of London on the most powerful earthquakes in the past 100 years. In order to understand the power of aftershocks - a little help.
What is the magnitude of 1. If it is very rude - imagine that you jumped on the floor apartment from the cabinet. Your neighbors will experience virtually no vibration. Earthquake in 2 points almost tangible. Increasing the magnitude of 1, 0 corresponds to an increase in the oscillation amplitude by 10 times and an increase in power of about 32 times. In Japan, there were 9, 1.
1. April 18, 1906, in San Francisco.
At 5:12 am in San Francisco, there was a strong earthquake, the magnitude of which was 7, 8 on the Richter scale. Tremors were felt even in the middle of Nevada, located in the interior of the continent. As a result of this disaster is almost 80% of the buildings in the city of San Francisco was destroyed homeless were 300,000 people, 3000 - died. 2. December 28, 1908, Messina, Italy.
The epicenter of the earthquake of magnitude 7, 5 points located in the strait between Sicily and the Italian peninsula. As a result of this earthquake, which is considered the most powerful European earthquake, were almost completely destroyed the city of Messina and Reggio Calabria. In Messina lost almost half of the population. The total number of deaths is estimated at 70 -100 000 people (some sources put the figure to 200 thousand).
3. On 1 September 1923, the Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan.
This earthquake of magnitude 8, 3 points is called the Great Kanto earthquake, as the Japanese Kanto province hardest hit by the disaster. Over the two days was 356 aftershocks, and the height of the tsunami in Sagami Bay reached 12 meters. The death toll of the disaster is estimated at 142,800 people.
4. Quetta, Pakistan, 1936.
The earthquake completely destroyed the city's infrastructure, the death toll was almost 40 000 people, with damage estimated at US $ 25 million.
5. Concepcion, Chile, 1939.
Magnitude quake was 8, 3 points. Killed 28 000 people, the damage amounted to almost $ 100 million.
6. December 26, 1939 Erzincan, Turkey.
This city regularly have experienced strong earthquakes. In 1939, the element has claimed the lives of 36 to 39 thousand people.
7. 29 February 1960, Agadir, Morocco.
An earthquake measuring 5, 9 points lasted only 15 seconds, but the death toll was 15,000 people, injured 12,000, 35,000 were left homeless.
8. Chimbote, Peru, 1970.
An earthquake of magnitude 7, 7 points seriously damaged fishing enterprises, which caused unemployment and impoverishment of the population for several years. At the time of the earthquake killed 67,000 people, with damage estimated at $ 550 million.
9. July 27, 1976, Tien Shan, China.
This earthquake of magnitude 8, 2 points is considered one of the largest number of victims in the history of observations. Then the element has claimed more than 650,000 lives.
10. Feb. 4, 1976, Guatemala.
The earthquake of magnitude 7, 5 points, killing more than 22 thousand people, and 70,000 were injured. The damage amounted to 1, 1 billion dollars.
11. September 19, 1985 Mexico City, Mexico.
This earthquake of magnitude 8, 1 point is considered one of the most devastating earthquakes of America. The number of dead was then 9000 people injured was 30,000 and 100,000 were left homeless.
12. On 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia.
The magnitude of the catastrophic Spitak earthquake was 7, 2 points. The city of Spitak and another 58 villages were completely destroyed. The number of dead was 25 thousand people and 514 thousand homeless. Damage was estimated at $ 14 billion.
13. On 17 October 1989, San Francisco, California, USA.
The earthquake, magnitude of which was 7, 1 point occurred just before a baseball game "World Series", so in the US this earthquake is also called the "earthquake World Series." Compared to other earthquakes killed was not so much: 68 people. Tremors completely destroyed the entire network of roads, and the total property damage amounted to $ 6 billion.
14. On 17 January 1995 earthquake in Kobe - one of the largest in Japan.
Magnitude quake was 7, 3 points. Died 6434 human losses amounted to $ 200 million.
15. On 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Turkey.
Magnitude 7, 6 points, the number of victims amounted to 17,217 people, more than 43 thousand were injured. The earthquake triggered a fire at the refinery, which is required to put out a few days. The total damage amounted to $ 25 billion.
16. On 26 December 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean.
Magnitude was 9, 1 point. The earthquake occurred most lethal in the modern history of the tsunami that killed nearly 300 000 people. Monstrous earthquake changed the Earth's rotation rate, because of what knocks became shorter by 2, 68 microseconds.
17. On 12 May 2008 Sichuan earthquake, China.
Magnitude was 8 points. Echoes of this earthquake were felt even in Russia. The number of dead was 68 thousand people, the damage - 20 billion dollars.
18. On 27 February 2010, Maule Region, Chile.
The magnitude of the massive earthquake in Chile was 8, 8 points, the total number of deaths reached nearly 800 people. The earthquake occurred tsunami, which reached even to Australia.
19. On 11 March 2011, an earthquake off the island of Honshu, Japan.
Magnitude to 9, 1 point - is the strongest earthquake in Japan's recorded history. March 14, official sources reported nearly 5,000 dead, but this figure is not final.
20. The biggest tsunami.
The highest tsunami scientists recorded in the Gulf of Lita fordoobraznom, located in the southeast Alaska.
Natural disaster occurred in the evening July 9, 1958, beginning with an earthquake and landslide on Mount Fairweather fault. That was the cause of the landslide, triggering a wave of record-high (524m above sea level). A huge rock mass has fallen into the water from the rocks on the northeast coast of the Gulf. With a height of 910 meters to 300 million cubic meters of rock, ice and land torn down.
Powerful wave moved across the bay at a rate of 160 km / h. The main blow fell on the south-west coast of the Bay of Hilbert. Wave was of such magnitude that it is easy perehlestnula completely through the shallows at the mouth of the bay. Kos La Gauss, separating the bay from the Gulf of Hilbert, was almost destroyed by the raging elements. A huge number of trees wave uprooted and carried into the ocean. As a result of the disaster in the ground cracks, Coast slipped, and numerous buildings were destroyed.
Lita Bay was a favorite place for fishing the local population. During a disaster in the epicenter of events were three ships. Fishermen felt very strong push to reset them with beds, and witnessed a giant wave vigorously attacked the foot of the mountain.
Eyewitnesses at first it seemed that they face glacier Lita: huge boulders that seemed solid, moving toward them. In the space that used to grow thick forests, wave left only bare rock at an altitude of 600m. Wave lifted one of the barges and dumped it in the ocean, moving effortlessly through the shallows. The ship was blown to splinters, but luckily his fishermen survived and were safely found two hours after the accident. More one longboat also managed to escape, and the third drowned - bodies of fishermen and have not found.
