Proof of supersymmetry will completely change our understanding of the Universe

The large hadron Collider up and running again very soon with twice the speed. Physicists believe that the collision of particles at near-light speeds will help to reveal a whole set of new particles, revealing the underside physics: supersymmetry. The last time we touched upon this subject, it's time to discuss what is supersymmetry and why is it us.

At the moment, the dominant theory of particle physics is the Standard model. She perfectly explains how to interact with the basic building blocks of matter, creating the Universe that we see around us.

The standard model is the best description that we have, but it's far from perfect.

Incomplete theory of the Standard model was formed in the 1970-ies. This is a set of equations that describes how all known elementary particles interact by four fundamental forces: strong and weak interaction, electromagnetism and gravity.

"There are some things the Standard model cannot explain, says physicist George Redlinger of the Brookhaven laboratory, which works on the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. — Because we know that it is an incomplete theory". The standard model is connects the first three of these four fundamental forces but not for gravity. Gravity force is so weak that even a toy magnet can overcome it. The other three forces are much stronger. Gravity is extremely important for physics, and its behavior describes the General theory of relativity.

The standard model also cannot explain the presence of a mysterious substance called dark matter that holds galaxies together. And cannot explain why the Universe is much more matter than antimatter, although it should be an equal number.

Supersymmetry is an extension of the Standard model, which could help fill some of these shortcomings. It predicts that every particle in the Standard model may have not yet discovered a partner. This is true even of familiar particles like electrons. Supersymmetry predicts that electrons have partners, "selectany", photons — "photino," and so on.

Here all spaces in physics which can fix supersymmetry.

Supersymmetry could explain why the Higgs boson is so light

Despite the fact that the Standard model predicted the existence of Higgs boson, its discovery has done another crack at the theory. Higgs physics that is observed at the LHC in 2012, much easier than expected. The standard model predicts that Higgs boson in trillions of times heavier than the one that was seen in physics during the first run TANK, says don Lincoln, a physicist from Fermi Lab.

Being the particle that gives mass to other particles, the Higgs should be really heavy, because it has to deal with a huge number of particles. Particles-partners, predicted by supersymmetry could fix it. If they exist, these additional particles would cancel the contribution of the partners to the Higgs mass. Because the Higgs boson would have been easy as we watched.

This is a natural explanation far more desirable than making adjustments in the existing Standard model. When you have to rule a theory to explain what you actually see is a sign that "you really don't know what you're doing," says Lincoln, but this theory is, apparently, incorrect or incomplete.





Particles of the Standard model in the inner circle; supersymmetric partners in external

Supersymmetry could explain dark matter

Dark matter is invisible and is still not discovered, but nevertheless it accounts to 27% of all matter in the universe.

The lightest supersymmetric particles, predicted in the theory, can be elusive dark matter particles that physicists hunt for decades. Supersymmetry predicts that this particle is a neutral charge and it is unlikely to interact with any other particle. Similar to the description of the physics expected of dark matter particles.

Dark matter is invisible, so the particles of which it is composed, must be neutral, otherwise they would scatter light and become visible. These particles also ever interact with anything, otherwise we would have already discovered.

Supersymmetry would point in the direction of a universal theory in physics

The main goal of physics is to constantly condense our understanding of the universe more simple terms.

For example, we now understand that gravity, which led to the fall of an Apple on Newton's head is the same gravity that controls the planets and the stars. And now we know that the laws of electricity and laws of magnetism — just two laws that define a single fundamental force of electromagnetism.

If supersymmetric particles are included in the Standard model, they would be closely tied to three of the four fundamental forces described by the Standard model: electromagnetism, the strong and the weak interaction. Supersymmetry would mean that all three forces would have the same strength at very high energy levels.





Multidimensional space of Calabi-Yau

In particular, supersymmetry can strengthen string theory. Supersymmetry is often described as a stepping-stone to string theory — that it was possible required some version of supersymmetry.

String theory remains one of the leading candidates for a "theory of everything" that will unite all of physics. However, to test it experimentally is extremely difficult.

"Energy structures, deals with string theory, is so high that we probably will never play in the lab," says Steven Weinberg. However, the discovery of supersymmetry at least give the advocates of string theory know that they are going in the right direction.





How to fly bosons

Physicists think that we will find evidence of supersymmetry? Despite decades of searching, no one found any evidence of supersymmetry. However, a great theory is not opened for two or three years. For example, almost half a century needed to discover the Higgs boson since the theoretical assumption of its existence. Therefore, although we do not see evidence of supersymmetry, this theory remains powerful.

"This is so great idea that it has to be right," says Redlinger. However, the Universe does not care how perfect our theory may seem to be, said Lincoln. Many physicists say that we had to find evidence of supersymmetric particles in the first run TANK, so the theory may not be so hot.

But that's only because we haven't seen any supersymmetric particles, does not mean that they are not. Maybe there is something in how the supersymmetry manifests itself, what we don't yet understand. Maybe you need a more powerful Collider to particle superpartner proved.

We won't know until the TANK does. Updated the particle accelerator will operate at 60% stronger than before, will go from 360 million collisions per second to 700 million collisions per second. If supersymmetry were out of reach on the level of energy during the last run, the data from this year can be absolutely indescribable.

Of course, we may be nothing to find. But it will also benefit us.

If supersymmetry is wrong, it will open the door to a new set of theories. Will also appear more credible to other theories, like the idea of a multiverse, which never had much confidence. Waiting for the launch.published

Source: hi-news.ru