6 biggest mysteries of physics, which still fails to solve

Website do not undertake to judge what is right and just publish a compilation of several issues that are still waiting for answers from the physicists.

What is dark energy? h2> The universe continues to expand faster, despite the fact that the main action in her power - the power of gravity, or gravity - it counteracts . Given this, the astrophysicists have assumed that there is an invisible agent that counteracts this same gravity. They call it dark energy.

The conventional understanding of dark energy - a "cosmological constant", an inherent property of space itself, which has a "negative pressure". The more space expands, the more it (space) is created, and with it the dark energy. Based on the observed growth of the universe, scientists have concluded that dark energy must be at least 70% of the total content of the universe. , but is still not clear what it is and where to look.

What is dark matter? h2> It is clear that about 84% of matter in the universe does not absorb or emit light. Dark matter can not be directly seen. The existence and properties are fixed thanks to its gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation and changes in the structure of the universe. This dark substance permeates the outskirts of the galaxy consists of "weakly interacting massive particles." So far, none of the detectors could not detect these particles.

Why is there a "time arrow»? h2> Time is moving forward. This conclusion can be drawn based on the properties of the universe, called "entropy", which is defined as the level of increasing disorder. There is no way to reverse the growth of entropy after it has already happened.

"Arrow of Time" - a concept that describes the time as a straight line extended from the past to the future. "In all processes there is a preferred direction in which the processes are themselves from a more ordered state to a less orderly." But the main question is: why entropy was low at the time of the birth of the universe, when a relatively small space overflowed enormous energy?

Are there parallel universes? h2> Astrophysical data suggest that the space-time continuum can be "flat" and not curved, and then he continued infinite

Why does matter much more than anti-matter? h2> The question is not even why matter more than the oppositely charged antimatter, and that, why something exists at all. Some scientists It suggests that after the Big Bang, matter and antimatter are symmetrical. If that were the case, we see our world would be immediately destroyed - the electrons would come in response to the anti-electron, proton - antiproton and so on, leaving behind a huge number of "naked" photons. However, for some reason, the matter is much larger than antimatter, which allows us all to exist. There's no generally accepted explanation.

How to measure the collapse of the quantum wave functions? h2> In the strange realm of photons, electrons and other elementary particles, quantum mechanics is the law. The particles do not behave like tiny balloons, they act as a wave, that cover a huge area. Each particle is described by a wave function, which says its possible location, speed and other properties.

The particle has a range of values ​​for all properties of the up to that time, is it not been experimentally measured. At the time of its discovery, the wave function "collapses". But how and why the measurement of particles in the reality that we perceive to bear the collapse of the wave function? The question of the measurement problem may seem esoteric, but closer to understanding what is our reality, and whether it exists at all, we still have.



via naked-science.ru/article/top/6-krupneishikh-tain-fiziki-kot