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The very first nuclear power plant in the world!
Recently zyalt Dima chistoprudov visited Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the world's first nuclear power plant. Nuclear power plant with only one reactor AM-1 ("peaceful atom") gave 5 MW industrial current June 27, 1954 in the Moscow suburb of Obninsk, Kaluga region., In the so-called "lab B" (now - the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation " Physics and Power Engineering named after Academician AI Leypunsky »).
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The station was built in conditions of strict secrecy, and suddenly June 30, 1954, not only for the whole country - the whole world was made TASS, shaking people's imagination: "In the Soviet Union the efforts of scientists and engineers successfully completed the design and construction of the first industrial power plant Atomic Energy of useful capacity of 5000 kilowatts. June 27th nuclear power plant was put into operation and provided electricity for industry and agriculture surrounding areas. "
May 9, 1954 at 19 hours 07 minutes of physical launch of the reactor took place on the first nuclear power plant in the presence of Kurchatov and other members of the start-up of the commission - the chain reaction began. It was only in October 1954 came to 100% of capacity, the turbine has given 5 th. KW. This period of time - from the physical start-up to design capacity - was a period of taming the "wild beast." The reactor had to learn its operating parameters match with the calculated, gradual achievement of design capacity.
The history of nuclear power, which began in Obninsk, has deep roots in the pre-war and wartime AM - peaceful atom - so named Kurchatov nuclear reactor first. The station was built in an extremely short period of time. From conceptual design to start-up the energy a little over three years. Work founder of the first nuclear power plant was appreciated. A large group of participants of this work was awarded orders and medals. In 1956 Blokhintsev was awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor, he was awarded the Order of Lenin A.K.Krasin. It awarded the Lenin Prize in 1957 DIBlokhintsev. NA Dollezhal, A.K.Krasinu and V.A.Malyh.
Operating experience of the first, in fact experimental nuclear power plant has fully confirmed the engineering solutions proposed by specialists of the nuclear industry, which allowed to launch a large-scale program for the construction of new nuclear power plants in the USSR.
Since the beginning of operation of the first nuclear power plant it is widely deployed experimental work through the construction of the experimental loops and channels. We studied modes boiling water directly into the tubular reactor fuel elements, it created a loop for the study of heat transfer during boiling coolant superheat carried out in the reactor itself. Analysis of the operating modes with boiling and superheated steam provided the basis for the design of large power reactors for Beloyarsk, Bilibinskoi, Leningrad NPP, and many others.
The tour led the oldest employee of the station. He's here from the foundation.
Wide ranging technical experience gained on the basis of operation of the first nuclear power plant, and a broad experimental material served as a basis for the further development of nuclear energy. So it was conceived, and this contributed to the design features of reactor of Obninsk NPP. They provided a great opportunity experimental reactor with good neutron-physical parameters.
The reactor design has four horizontal channel for material science purposes. Two are used for the production of artificial radioactive isotopes and two - to investigate the influence of neutron irradiation on the properties of various materials.
One of the horizontal channels withdrawn from the reactor core was used for studies of atomic-crystalline and magnetic structures of solids by neutron diffraction. Research results crystal and magnetic structure of chromium formed on neutron diffractometer generally accepted and have been qualified as a scientific discovery.
Thus, the first nuclear power reactor became one of the main research reactor database. On its design and pilot plants to the newly created 17 experimental loops organized production of isotope products, conducted neutron-physical measurements in the field of solid state physics, reactor materials and other comprehensive studies to the last day of the station.
Sensational reports in the media all over the world about the launch of the first nuclear power plant aroused particular interest in the great achievements of science and technology in the Soviet Union. Especially this interest has increased in the scientific world and the heads of state after the First Geneva Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in the autumn of 1955. The report advocates Blokhintsev. Contrary to the established rules of the ending of the report was greeted with a standing ovation.
Remote.
Shortly after the start-up nuclear power has become available to the general public. The delegation of the British Department of Atomic Energy in the guest book expressed his admiration for the work of Professor Blokhintsev and his colleagues. The delegation of the GDR left a note that said nuclear visiting a great honor for himself. German physicist Hertz in the book for the guests wrote: "I have heard a lot and read about nuclear power, but what I saw here exceeded all my expectations ...".
Among the guests at various times visited Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant were outstanding scientists, politicians and public figures: Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, A.Sukarno, V.Ulbriht, Kim Il Sung, Josip Broz Tito, F.Zholio Curie G.Siborg, F.Perren, 3.Eklund, Zhukov, Yuri Gagarin, members of the government of our country - GM Malenkov, L.M.Kaganovich, Molotov and many others.
For the first 20 years of operation of the first nuclear power plant was visited by about 60 thousand people.
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Scan remote.
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Red button AZ (emergency protection) have been pressed only once, in 2002. She shut down the reactor.
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Everything has a life expectancy will eventually wear out and outdated morally and physically. Over 48 years of trouble-free operation of first nuclear power plant is worn out, having served for 18 years longer than planned.
17h. 45 min. 26 June 1954 - The steam is supplied to the turbine.
June 27, 1954 - launch of the first nuclear power plant, the newspaper "Pravda».
11 hr. 31 min. 29 April 2002 - the station stopped the chain reaction stopped.
Currently Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant decommissioned. Her reactor was drowned April 29, 2002, successfully worked almost 48 years. The station has been stopped only for economic reasons, as maintaining it in a safe condition is getting more and more expensive, the station has long been on government subsidies, and conducted her scientific research and production of isotopes for the needs of Russian medicine covered only about 10% operating costs. This was originally planned to drown Russian Minatom nuclear reactor but by 2005, after working 50-year-old resource.
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Reactor hall.
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Control valve, transporting spent fuel rods. The operator looks through the quartz glass thickness of about 50 cm.
In recent years, the NPP affectionately called her "old lady." She really became a mother and grandmother to the next generation nuclear power plants, more powerful and perfect. Under the scientific supervision of the FEI to build the first nuclear power plant, and then with its participation provides an important and well-known to many points of transportable nuclear power plant TPP-3, experimental fast reactor at FEI - BR-5, BR-10 and boron-60 Dimitrovgrad, transport NEI with liquid metal coolant for nuclear submarines, the world's first nuclear reactor on fast neutrons with sodium-cooled BN-350 nuclear power plants with fast neutron reactor BN-600 - 3rd unit of Beloyarsk station Bilibino NCP working in the Far North in the mode variable loads of heat and electricity, space reactors converters "Topaz" and "Beech".
Source:
30 ph
The station was built in conditions of strict secrecy, and suddenly June 30, 1954, not only for the whole country - the whole world was made TASS, shaking people's imagination: "In the Soviet Union the efforts of scientists and engineers successfully completed the design and construction of the first industrial power plant Atomic Energy of useful capacity of 5000 kilowatts. June 27th nuclear power plant was put into operation and provided electricity for industry and agriculture surrounding areas. "
May 9, 1954 at 19 hours 07 minutes of physical launch of the reactor took place on the first nuclear power plant in the presence of Kurchatov and other members of the start-up of the commission - the chain reaction began. It was only in October 1954 came to 100% of capacity, the turbine has given 5 th. KW. This period of time - from the physical start-up to design capacity - was a period of taming the "wild beast." The reactor had to learn its operating parameters match with the calculated, gradual achievement of design capacity.
The history of nuclear power, which began in Obninsk, has deep roots in the pre-war and wartime AM - peaceful atom - so named Kurchatov nuclear reactor first. The station was built in an extremely short period of time. From conceptual design to start-up the energy a little over three years. Work founder of the first nuclear power plant was appreciated. A large group of participants of this work was awarded orders and medals. In 1956 Blokhintsev was awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor, he was awarded the Order of Lenin A.K.Krasin. It awarded the Lenin Prize in 1957 DIBlokhintsev. NA Dollezhal, A.K.Krasinu and V.A.Malyh.
Operating experience of the first, in fact experimental nuclear power plant has fully confirmed the engineering solutions proposed by specialists of the nuclear industry, which allowed to launch a large-scale program for the construction of new nuclear power plants in the USSR.
Since the beginning of operation of the first nuclear power plant it is widely deployed experimental work through the construction of the experimental loops and channels. We studied modes boiling water directly into the tubular reactor fuel elements, it created a loop for the study of heat transfer during boiling coolant superheat carried out in the reactor itself. Analysis of the operating modes with boiling and superheated steam provided the basis for the design of large power reactors for Beloyarsk, Bilibinskoi, Leningrad NPP, and many others.
The tour led the oldest employee of the station. He's here from the foundation.
Wide ranging technical experience gained on the basis of operation of the first nuclear power plant, and a broad experimental material served as a basis for the further development of nuclear energy. So it was conceived, and this contributed to the design features of reactor of Obninsk NPP. They provided a great opportunity experimental reactor with good neutron-physical parameters.
The reactor design has four horizontal channel for material science purposes. Two are used for the production of artificial radioactive isotopes and two - to investigate the influence of neutron irradiation on the properties of various materials.
One of the horizontal channels withdrawn from the reactor core was used for studies of atomic-crystalline and magnetic structures of solids by neutron diffraction. Research results crystal and magnetic structure of chromium formed on neutron diffractometer generally accepted and have been qualified as a scientific discovery.
Thus, the first nuclear power reactor became one of the main research reactor database. On its design and pilot plants to the newly created 17 experimental loops organized production of isotope products, conducted neutron-physical measurements in the field of solid state physics, reactor materials and other comprehensive studies to the last day of the station.
Sensational reports in the media all over the world about the launch of the first nuclear power plant aroused particular interest in the great achievements of science and technology in the Soviet Union. Especially this interest has increased in the scientific world and the heads of state after the First Geneva Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in the autumn of 1955. The report advocates Blokhintsev. Contrary to the established rules of the ending of the report was greeted with a standing ovation.
Remote.
Shortly after the start-up nuclear power has become available to the general public. The delegation of the British Department of Atomic Energy in the guest book expressed his admiration for the work of Professor Blokhintsev and his colleagues. The delegation of the GDR left a note that said nuclear visiting a great honor for himself. German physicist Hertz in the book for the guests wrote: "I have heard a lot and read about nuclear power, but what I saw here exceeded all my expectations ...".
Among the guests at various times visited Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant were outstanding scientists, politicians and public figures: Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, A.Sukarno, V.Ulbriht, Kim Il Sung, Josip Broz Tito, F.Zholio Curie G.Siborg, F.Perren, 3.Eklund, Zhukov, Yuri Gagarin, members of the government of our country - GM Malenkov, L.M.Kaganovich, Molotov and many others.
For the first 20 years of operation of the first nuclear power plant was visited by about 60 thousand people.
11
12
Scan remote.
14
15
16
17
Red button AZ (emergency protection) have been pressed only once, in 2002. She shut down the reactor.
19
20
21
Everything has a life expectancy will eventually wear out and outdated morally and physically. Over 48 years of trouble-free operation of first nuclear power plant is worn out, having served for 18 years longer than planned.
17h. 45 min. 26 June 1954 - The steam is supplied to the turbine.
June 27, 1954 - launch of the first nuclear power plant, the newspaper "Pravda».
11 hr. 31 min. 29 April 2002 - the station stopped the chain reaction stopped.
Currently Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant decommissioned. Her reactor was drowned April 29, 2002, successfully worked almost 48 years. The station has been stopped only for economic reasons, as maintaining it in a safe condition is getting more and more expensive, the station has long been on government subsidies, and conducted her scientific research and production of isotopes for the needs of Russian medicine covered only about 10% operating costs. This was originally planned to drown Russian Minatom nuclear reactor but by 2005, after working 50-year-old resource.
24
Reactor hall.
...
27
28
Control valve, transporting spent fuel rods. The operator looks through the quartz glass thickness of about 50 cm.
In recent years, the NPP affectionately called her "old lady." She really became a mother and grandmother to the next generation nuclear power plants, more powerful and perfect. Under the scientific supervision of the FEI to build the first nuclear power plant, and then with its participation provides an important and well-known to many points of transportable nuclear power plant TPP-3, experimental fast reactor at FEI - BR-5, BR-10 and boron-60 Dimitrovgrad, transport NEI with liquid metal coolant for nuclear submarines, the world's first nuclear reactor on fast neutrons with sodium-cooled BN-350 nuclear power plants with fast neutron reactor BN-600 - 3rd unit of Beloyarsk station Bilibino NCP working in the Far North in the mode variable loads of heat and electricity, space reactors converters "Topaz" and "Beech".
Source:
