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Computers 1940-1960-ies (18 photos)
Z4. 1944
He consumes 4000 watts and worked at a frequency of 40 Hz. Had 64 32-bit registers, which is equivalent to 512 bytes of memory. One operation took 0, 4 seconds.
It was created by the legendary Konrad Zuse. Even at school he designed a working model of the machine and create a bargaining chip project of the city of 37 million inhabitants. After experimenting with the decimal system, Zuse chose her to binary. In 1938 there was the first development activities Zuse named them Z1. It was a binary calculator mechanical power and limited the possibility of programming via the keypad. The result of the calculation in the decimal system displayed on the lamp panel.
Then there was the computer Z2 - based on telephone relays. The new machine-readable instructions with perforated 35 mm motion-picture film.
In 1941, Zuse creates more than a perfect model - Z3, which today many consider the first real acting programmable computer. Z3 was the first practical application and has been used for the design of an airplane wing. (All three machines, Z1, Z2 and Z3, were destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1944)
"Colossus" Mark I in 1944
5000 operations per second.
British cryptographers used to decrypt the reports created by the German cipher machine "Enigma". It was the first machine, which uses a large number of electron tubes. The transition from mechanics to electronics, the best way affected the speed of decoding: the work, which went from mechanical decoder days, "Colossus" performed just a few hours.
Information about the "Colossus" was kept under security classification until the end of the XX century. It is rumored that after the war, Winston Churchill ordered the car to make out the details, do not exceed the size of a human hand, and drawings burn to information about the cryptographic capabilities of the British intelligence did not fall into the hands of the Soviet Union.
"ENIAC" in 1946
17468 complex included lamps silicon diodes 7200, 1500 relay 70000 10000 capacitors and resistors (about 6 m in height and 26 m in length). Power consumption - 150 kW. The computing power - 300 multiplications and 5000 additions per second. Weight - 27 tons. The American press immediately dubbed him "a giant brain." The calculations were made in the decimal system. Built in order for the US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory for the calculation of firing tables.
Used to calculate when creating a hydrogen bomb. Programming the machine could take weeks
"Whirlwind". 1951
512 bytes of RAM. 20,000 operations per second.
Computer held a two-storey house, from the basement to the roof. It was the first machine with the on screen display. In the 50s Vortex became the prototype of a number of computers allowed to create an advanced air defense system the United States - "Sage»
UNIVAC. 1951
It weighed 13 tons. 2 is running at 25 MHz, and can perform 1905 cycles per second. Worth up to $ 1, 5 million.
The first US computer designed for commercial applications. For a machine has been designed to drive the magnetic metal strip. It is the best device in the input-output computer was a high-speed printer. In 50 years of government agencies and companies were sold 46 cars of the first model Yunivaka
WITCH. 1951
It was assembled from components of British telephone exchange.
Although there has been quite slow - one multiplication takes 5 to 10 seconds, the machine has become famous for its reliability.
A unique event for that time - the machine worked without supervision all the Christmas vacation (10 days)
BESK. 1953
Swedish computer. Memory 512 40-bit words = 2560 bytes. Addition operation took only 56 microseconds, multiplying - 350 microseconds. Within a short period of time, it was the fastest computer in the world.
IBM 702. 1955 god
It was a commercial computer, which can be rented from IBM. The system had 10 kilobytes of RAM. 3950 addition or subtraction operations per second (multiplication and division are much slower) Unlike electromechanical switches used in the "Mark-1", electric bulbs in the car can be easily replaced in case of failure.
IBM NORC. 1954
"Supercomputer" of his time. Served up to 15 thousand. Operations per second. The first model has worked since 2000 for 64-bit words of main memory and 16 KB. Entered service with the US Marine artillery. Using it to produce complex ballistic calculations, which allows you to effectively manage coastal artillery fire over very long distances
IBM 305 RAMAC. 1956
The first commercial system with hard disks. The capacity of each carrier was less than 5 MB. This is one of the largest of the machines created by IBM. In 1960, it was used at the Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley (USA)
Bendix G-15. 1956
Weight 450kg, the price of $ 60 thousand. The amount of memory - 7, 6 KB. Sometimes this system called the first personal computer. It produced more than 400 copies. Feature Bendix G-15 - the dependence of the speed of your computer from the physical location code of machine instructions on a magnetic drum, a programmer at the time forced to take care not only about the logic of a program under development, but about solving geometric golovolomki- fact because of "failure" placement commands just worked Bendix if not 100 times slower.
Pegasus. 1956
British Ferranti Pegasus was designed as an inexpensive and reliable computer. It was equipped with 25 KB of main memory device and a high-speed 280-byte memory. Model Pegasus February 1959 release is still operating in the London Science Museum. The case for it has produced the company Rolls Royce. Used for production management.
AN / FSQ-7. 1958
I created IBM and the US Air Force for use with the system of defense "Sage" (its control terminal is shown in the photo below). The computer occupied an area of 2000 m2 and weighed 275 tons. There were built 52 machines. Performance considerably exceeds the capabilities and NORC Vortex - by AN / FSQ-7 in the second performed 75 thousand. Operations.
Command Center received two computers AN / FSQ-7 - one was working, and the other was used as a "hot" backup. The availability of a duplexed system was 99, 97%! For a computer to connect up to 80 monitors with displays, and at the same time monitor the situation of some 300 air targets. The system has been associated with more than a hundred radars (terrestrial and marine), with observation stations and other sources of information, combine them and create an overall picture of what is happening in the air.
IBM 7090. 1959 god
The computer cost $ 2, 9 million and worked with a speed of 229 000 operations per second. NASA used a computer to Mission Control. In 1964, the SABRE airline based on two 7090's created an automated system sales and booking of air tickets in 65 cities around the world.
Datasaab D2. 1960
Swedish computer weighing 200 kg with 15 KB of memory carried 100 thousand. Additions per second. The prototype was built to test the functioning of computerized navigation capabilities in aircraft. Datasaab is a division of the development of computer systems aircraft manufacturer Saab.
BRLESC I. 1962
It used primarily for military purposes - ballistic problems and supply the army. Memory capacity was 36 KB, the performance - 5 million operations per second.
Honeywell 200. 1963 god
Honeywell 200 and the subsequent models of this series were developed as competitors of commercial computers from IBM (especially in 1401). The system had its own programming language Easycoder.
UNIVAC 1108. 1964 god
Based on transistors UNIVAC 1108 supported up to three CPUs and more than 1 MB of memory. As memory devices used in integrated circuits. It is widely used in universities and government organizations.
A first unintentional viruses was associated with the computer. It existed game Pervading Animal. With the help of leading questions trying to determine the name of a game animal, conceived players. The program has provided opportunity for self if she could not guess the name of the man conceived, the game offers to modernize itself and to introduce additional probing questions. The modified game was recorded over the old version and copied to other directories - in order to make the result of the work available to other users. As a result, after a while all the directories on the disk containing copies Pervading Animal.
via mi3ch
Source:
He consumes 4000 watts and worked at a frequency of 40 Hz. Had 64 32-bit registers, which is equivalent to 512 bytes of memory. One operation took 0, 4 seconds.
It was created by the legendary Konrad Zuse. Even at school he designed a working model of the machine and create a bargaining chip project of the city of 37 million inhabitants. After experimenting with the decimal system, Zuse chose her to binary. In 1938 there was the first development activities Zuse named them Z1. It was a binary calculator mechanical power and limited the possibility of programming via the keypad. The result of the calculation in the decimal system displayed on the lamp panel.
Then there was the computer Z2 - based on telephone relays. The new machine-readable instructions with perforated 35 mm motion-picture film.
In 1941, Zuse creates more than a perfect model - Z3, which today many consider the first real acting programmable computer. Z3 was the first practical application and has been used for the design of an airplane wing. (All three machines, Z1, Z2 and Z3, were destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1944)
"Colossus" Mark I in 1944
5000 operations per second.
British cryptographers used to decrypt the reports created by the German cipher machine "Enigma". It was the first machine, which uses a large number of electron tubes. The transition from mechanics to electronics, the best way affected the speed of decoding: the work, which went from mechanical decoder days, "Colossus" performed just a few hours.
Information about the "Colossus" was kept under security classification until the end of the XX century. It is rumored that after the war, Winston Churchill ordered the car to make out the details, do not exceed the size of a human hand, and drawings burn to information about the cryptographic capabilities of the British intelligence did not fall into the hands of the Soviet Union.
"ENIAC" in 1946
17468 complex included lamps silicon diodes 7200, 1500 relay 70000 10000 capacitors and resistors (about 6 m in height and 26 m in length). Power consumption - 150 kW. The computing power - 300 multiplications and 5000 additions per second. Weight - 27 tons. The American press immediately dubbed him "a giant brain." The calculations were made in the decimal system. Built in order for the US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory for the calculation of firing tables.
Used to calculate when creating a hydrogen bomb. Programming the machine could take weeks
"Whirlwind". 1951
512 bytes of RAM. 20,000 operations per second.
Computer held a two-storey house, from the basement to the roof. It was the first machine with the on screen display. In the 50s Vortex became the prototype of a number of computers allowed to create an advanced air defense system the United States - "Sage»
UNIVAC. 1951
It weighed 13 tons. 2 is running at 25 MHz, and can perform 1905 cycles per second. Worth up to $ 1, 5 million.
The first US computer designed for commercial applications. For a machine has been designed to drive the magnetic metal strip. It is the best device in the input-output computer was a high-speed printer. In 50 years of government agencies and companies were sold 46 cars of the first model Yunivaka
WITCH. 1951
It was assembled from components of British telephone exchange.
Although there has been quite slow - one multiplication takes 5 to 10 seconds, the machine has become famous for its reliability.
A unique event for that time - the machine worked without supervision all the Christmas vacation (10 days)
BESK. 1953
Swedish computer. Memory 512 40-bit words = 2560 bytes. Addition operation took only 56 microseconds, multiplying - 350 microseconds. Within a short period of time, it was the fastest computer in the world.
IBM 702. 1955 god
It was a commercial computer, which can be rented from IBM. The system had 10 kilobytes of RAM. 3950 addition or subtraction operations per second (multiplication and division are much slower) Unlike electromechanical switches used in the "Mark-1", electric bulbs in the car can be easily replaced in case of failure.
IBM NORC. 1954
"Supercomputer" of his time. Served up to 15 thousand. Operations per second. The first model has worked since 2000 for 64-bit words of main memory and 16 KB. Entered service with the US Marine artillery. Using it to produce complex ballistic calculations, which allows you to effectively manage coastal artillery fire over very long distances
IBM 305 RAMAC. 1956
The first commercial system with hard disks. The capacity of each carrier was less than 5 MB. This is one of the largest of the machines created by IBM. In 1960, it was used at the Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley (USA)
Bendix G-15. 1956
Weight 450kg, the price of $ 60 thousand. The amount of memory - 7, 6 KB. Sometimes this system called the first personal computer. It produced more than 400 copies. Feature Bendix G-15 - the dependence of the speed of your computer from the physical location code of machine instructions on a magnetic drum, a programmer at the time forced to take care not only about the logic of a program under development, but about solving geometric golovolomki- fact because of "failure" placement commands just worked Bendix if not 100 times slower.
Pegasus. 1956
British Ferranti Pegasus was designed as an inexpensive and reliable computer. It was equipped with 25 KB of main memory device and a high-speed 280-byte memory. Model Pegasus February 1959 release is still operating in the London Science Museum. The case for it has produced the company Rolls Royce. Used for production management.
AN / FSQ-7. 1958
I created IBM and the US Air Force for use with the system of defense "Sage" (its control terminal is shown in the photo below). The computer occupied an area of 2000 m2 and weighed 275 tons. There were built 52 machines. Performance considerably exceeds the capabilities and NORC Vortex - by AN / FSQ-7 in the second performed 75 thousand. Operations.
Command Center received two computers AN / FSQ-7 - one was working, and the other was used as a "hot" backup. The availability of a duplexed system was 99, 97%! For a computer to connect up to 80 monitors with displays, and at the same time monitor the situation of some 300 air targets. The system has been associated with more than a hundred radars (terrestrial and marine), with observation stations and other sources of information, combine them and create an overall picture of what is happening in the air.
IBM 7090. 1959 god
The computer cost $ 2, 9 million and worked with a speed of 229 000 operations per second. NASA used a computer to Mission Control. In 1964, the SABRE airline based on two 7090's created an automated system sales and booking of air tickets in 65 cities around the world.
Datasaab D2. 1960
Swedish computer weighing 200 kg with 15 KB of memory carried 100 thousand. Additions per second. The prototype was built to test the functioning of computerized navigation capabilities in aircraft. Datasaab is a division of the development of computer systems aircraft manufacturer Saab.
BRLESC I. 1962
It used primarily for military purposes - ballistic problems and supply the army. Memory capacity was 36 KB, the performance - 5 million operations per second.
Honeywell 200. 1963 god
Honeywell 200 and the subsequent models of this series were developed as competitors of commercial computers from IBM (especially in 1401). The system had its own programming language Easycoder.
UNIVAC 1108. 1964 god
Based on transistors UNIVAC 1108 supported up to three CPUs and more than 1 MB of memory. As memory devices used in integrated circuits. It is widely used in universities and government organizations.
A first unintentional viruses was associated with the computer. It existed game Pervading Animal. With the help of leading questions trying to determine the name of a game animal, conceived players. The program has provided opportunity for self if she could not guess the name of the man conceived, the game offers to modernize itself and to introduce additional probing questions. The modified game was recorded over the old version and copied to other directories - in order to make the result of the work available to other users. As a result, after a while all the directories on the disk containing copies Pervading Animal.
via mi3ch
Source:
