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Russian light for Paris. To the 140th anniversary of the first "light bulb"
Bashny.Net
Probably few people remember that today can rightly be called the birthday of electric lighting, since 23 Mar 1876 a Russian inventor Yablochkov, Pavel Nikolayevich patented his "electric candle" — the most practical and the most suitable for home use option-arc lamps. "Candles Yablochkova immediately gained immense popularity and has spread around the world — from Britain to Cambodia, where they were illuminated Royal Palace.
According to statistics, in 1880, only four years after the invention of the Yablochkov electrospace used for lighting 800 metallurgical and Metalworking plants, 1240 — textile and clothing factories 425 stores, 250 parks and gardens, 130 mines, 275 railway stations, 380 different institutions, and also 2700 city streets and squares. Already in the years 1878-79 Yablochkova lamp appearing on warships, fortresses and other military installations. Perhaps no one of the Russian inventions so quickly "conquered" the world.
However, the era of electronica was short — less than 20 years, and in 1890-ies, they began quickly to displace much more durable and convenient bulb.
Yablochkov candle, Cassell & Company, 1886
"Candle Yablochkova not need adjustment, because of its carbon electrodes are placed parallel and the distance between them is constant. They are separated by a dielectric layer (white clay), which fade as the burning of a candle. The life of the electrodes is 1-3 hours depending on their length, after which the lamp was required to "recharge". To prolong the operating time of lamps are sometimes equipped with multiple electrodes that were included in consecutive order as the previous burn. Average price of electrode in Russia amounted to 20 cents.
Then the Paris newspaper called them the "Russian light". Moscow illuminations 1883 on the occasion of the coronation of Alexander III. Embankment of the Moscow river lit "candles Yablochkov", and one of the Kremlin towers has installed a powerful electric arc light.
"Illumination of the Kremlin", painting by Alexei Bogolyubov, 1883
In the USA "candles Yablochkova" was not widespread. There went his own way, inventing ingenious devices for automatic adjustment of the gap between the electrodes of arc lamps. First it was clockwork, and then the firm "Thompson-Houston" suggested that electromagnetic regulator. In the upper electrode was kept at the weight of the solenoid, the current to which is supplied through the arc. When burnout of the electrodes, the gap between them increased, decreased current passing through the arc to the magnet. The magnet weakened and the electrode is lowered under the force of gravity...
About the "taming" of electricity for lighting houses and streets science fiction writers said the whole of the nineteenth century, but it fully for the first time was only Russian engineer-inventor Pavel Yablochkov. 23 March 1876, he patented his "electric candle". Among other wonders it was lucky to show at the world exhibition in Paris admiring the French called the bright electric light of the "Russian".
Yablochkov, Pavel Nikolayevich
The inventor of the electric light was born in 1847 in Saratov province. Design Pavel Yablochkov loved from childhood — already at very young age he invented a goniometer for surveying, a device for measuring the path traveled by wagon, etc. During the service, a naval engineer, he became acquainted with the latest achievements in the field of study and the technical application of electric current, especially in mine. After retiring and settling for a while in Paris, an Apple there and invented, and then patented his "electric candle".
Demonstration of "electric illumination" Yablochkov Avenue Opera in Paris, A. Rintel, 1894
"Electric current will be supplied to households as gas or water," said P. N. Yablochkov in 1879, and has proved to be right!
23 Mar 1876 Pavel Yablochkov received in Paris patent No. 112024 for the invention of "electric candle", it naturally called "Yablochkov candle" and a lighting system based on it is quite logical from a Western point of view — "Russian light". His light bulb was the first, which received wide application in the world. The first large-scale installation was at the store "Louvre", where 200 gas jets were replaced by only 22 light bulbs. This innovation went on the world in England, Belgium, Russia. As a natural result, and it took another 10 years, and the competition won Adanowsky incandescent light bulb.
And in may 1877 the candles first lit by electric light, one of the main and most beautiful streets of Paris — Avenue de l'opera.
Like any self-respecting candle, "candle Yablochkova" was burning no more than two hours — until it burned kaolin or gypsum plate... so had been made lights with automatic substitution of the candle. In those days the franc was less than 25 cents or 50 pfennings German or about 6 pence English, therefore, our people in Paris paying rubles were viewed as Kum and benefactors, especially when coins of gold 5 and 10 rubles were disposed so that the pockets do not tear the coin is heavy (in France, the then unsecured metal paper money went in 1848-1850 and in the years 1870-1878). And price points on trendy gadget exhibited in rubles, as none of the IPhones in dollars, so that worthless Franks not to contact...
The first version of those candles with kaolin paste could be lit only once, but after they are perfected by adding metal powder to the insulator between the electrodes, it has become possible to turn on and off repeatedly. After Apple developed the alternating-current generator, which allowed to lower or raise the voltage and transmit the electricity over long distances. Indeed, in those days, electric lighting was an important element of the Dolce Vita, and the power was missing and the racetrack lighting — then it was a Miracle.
After running into the life of the miracle of electric lighting Newspapers from England to Japan, then came out with huge headlines: "Northern light, Russian light — a miracle of our time"; "the Invention of a retired Russian military engineer Yablochkov — a new era in the art"; "Russia is the Motherland of electricity," etc. Notice I didn't write that, I did not... but the propaganda machine of America had done their job and now in the world are mostly remember Edison.
By the way if you think that the bulb Lodygina and Edison them from the world entirely and at once got used, bad you about the creation Yablochkov think! Them and in the twenties of the twentieth century was sovershenstvovanii!!! About how in the Soviet Union began the mass production of incandescent lamps is a separate story epic!!! This explains the number of streets Yablochkov in our valleys and towns... posted
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Join us in Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: livejournal.com/magazine/1425232.html
According to statistics, in 1880, only four years after the invention of the Yablochkov electrospace used for lighting 800 metallurgical and Metalworking plants, 1240 — textile and clothing factories 425 stores, 250 parks and gardens, 130 mines, 275 railway stations, 380 different institutions, and also 2700 city streets and squares. Already in the years 1878-79 Yablochkova lamp appearing on warships, fortresses and other military installations. Perhaps no one of the Russian inventions so quickly "conquered" the world.
However, the era of electronica was short — less than 20 years, and in 1890-ies, they began quickly to displace much more durable and convenient bulb.
Yablochkov candle, Cassell & Company, 1886
"Candle Yablochkova not need adjustment, because of its carbon electrodes are placed parallel and the distance between them is constant. They are separated by a dielectric layer (white clay), which fade as the burning of a candle. The life of the electrodes is 1-3 hours depending on their length, after which the lamp was required to "recharge". To prolong the operating time of lamps are sometimes equipped with multiple electrodes that were included in consecutive order as the previous burn. Average price of electrode in Russia amounted to 20 cents.
Then the Paris newspaper called them the "Russian light". Moscow illuminations 1883 on the occasion of the coronation of Alexander III. Embankment of the Moscow river lit "candles Yablochkov", and one of the Kremlin towers has installed a powerful electric arc light.
"Illumination of the Kremlin", painting by Alexei Bogolyubov, 1883
In the USA "candles Yablochkova" was not widespread. There went his own way, inventing ingenious devices for automatic adjustment of the gap between the electrodes of arc lamps. First it was clockwork, and then the firm "Thompson-Houston" suggested that electromagnetic regulator. In the upper electrode was kept at the weight of the solenoid, the current to which is supplied through the arc. When burnout of the electrodes, the gap between them increased, decreased current passing through the arc to the magnet. The magnet weakened and the electrode is lowered under the force of gravity...
About the "taming" of electricity for lighting houses and streets science fiction writers said the whole of the nineteenth century, but it fully for the first time was only Russian engineer-inventor Pavel Yablochkov. 23 March 1876, he patented his "electric candle". Among other wonders it was lucky to show at the world exhibition in Paris admiring the French called the bright electric light of the "Russian".
Yablochkov, Pavel Nikolayevich
The inventor of the electric light was born in 1847 in Saratov province. Design Pavel Yablochkov loved from childhood — already at very young age he invented a goniometer for surveying, a device for measuring the path traveled by wagon, etc. During the service, a naval engineer, he became acquainted with the latest achievements in the field of study and the technical application of electric current, especially in mine. After retiring and settling for a while in Paris, an Apple there and invented, and then patented his "electric candle".
Demonstration of "electric illumination" Yablochkov Avenue Opera in Paris, A. Rintel, 1894
"Electric current will be supplied to households as gas or water," said P. N. Yablochkov in 1879, and has proved to be right!
23 Mar 1876 Pavel Yablochkov received in Paris patent No. 112024 for the invention of "electric candle", it naturally called "Yablochkov candle" and a lighting system based on it is quite logical from a Western point of view — "Russian light". His light bulb was the first, which received wide application in the world. The first large-scale installation was at the store "Louvre", where 200 gas jets were replaced by only 22 light bulbs. This innovation went on the world in England, Belgium, Russia. As a natural result, and it took another 10 years, and the competition won Adanowsky incandescent light bulb.
And in may 1877 the candles first lit by electric light, one of the main and most beautiful streets of Paris — Avenue de l'opera.
Like any self-respecting candle, "candle Yablochkova" was burning no more than two hours — until it burned kaolin or gypsum plate... so had been made lights with automatic substitution of the candle. In those days the franc was less than 25 cents or 50 pfennings German or about 6 pence English, therefore, our people in Paris paying rubles were viewed as Kum and benefactors, especially when coins of gold 5 and 10 rubles were disposed so that the pockets do not tear the coin is heavy (in France, the then unsecured metal paper money went in 1848-1850 and in the years 1870-1878). And price points on trendy gadget exhibited in rubles, as none of the IPhones in dollars, so that worthless Franks not to contact...
The first version of those candles with kaolin paste could be lit only once, but after they are perfected by adding metal powder to the insulator between the electrodes, it has become possible to turn on and off repeatedly. After Apple developed the alternating-current generator, which allowed to lower or raise the voltage and transmit the electricity over long distances. Indeed, in those days, electric lighting was an important element of the Dolce Vita, and the power was missing and the racetrack lighting — then it was a Miracle.
After running into the life of the miracle of electric lighting Newspapers from England to Japan, then came out with huge headlines: "Northern light, Russian light — a miracle of our time"; "the Invention of a retired Russian military engineer Yablochkov — a new era in the art"; "Russia is the Motherland of electricity," etc. Notice I didn't write that, I did not... but the propaganda machine of America had done their job and now in the world are mostly remember Edison.
By the way if you think that the bulb Lodygina and Edison them from the world entirely and at once got used, bad you about the creation Yablochkov think! Them and in the twenties of the twentieth century was sovershenstvovanii!!! About how in the Soviet Union began the mass production of incandescent lamps is a separate story epic!!! This explains the number of streets Yablochkov in our valleys and towns... posted
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Join us in Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: livejournal.com/magazine/1425232.html
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