Metro, which is not: the old tunnels near the "Theater"

In the Kiev subway there is a place that is its originality and atmosphere will compete with the best zabroshkami, bunkers, tunnels and subway Metrostroi combined. We are talking about the old tunnels ferrying "Khreschatyk" - "University" remaining after the construction of the "Theater". They - "conservative", "zabroshka" and "worthless tunnel" in the terminology of the metro. A quarter century ago on this site ever stopped trains with passengers, but it remained almost the same as if the memory of the unique operation that did metrostroevtsy tapping into the existing line station "Theatre." In recent years, the web has been published a lot of different information about these tunnels, but not all of them write untrue. So, before you go through a series of "Metro, which has no" to the history of the station "Golden Gate", let's pay attention, and this unusual object, the more they themselves "Golden Gate" built almost on the site of the old tunnels.

Background

Tunnels between the stations "Khreshchatyk" and "University" are part of the first starting site of the Kiev subway, opened in 1960, In the old plans for the stretch length of more than 1, 5 km had to accommodate one station (near the National Opera), but in the approved project she was expelled.

1. Since these tunnels looked at the time of construction in the late 50-ies .:



In the 70s, when the projected third Syretsko Caves line, there was a question of organization hubs with existing subway tracks. And if possible to transplant Kurenivsko-Chervonoarmiiska line was originally founded at the station, "Leo Tolstoy Square", then with Svyatoshinsko-Brovarskoy it was not so clear. In the 1940s, when planning the subway network was assumed that the third metro line crosses the first at the station "University" with a transfer to the station "Street. Comintern, "but the immediate development project tracing Syretsko Pechersk has been adjusted and the station" University "was at a considerable distance from the main road, which would require the construction of very large and uncomfortable squiggles on the line. In addition, wide pylons "University" and its short central hall clearly did not have to displacement of large numbers of people. Option to have a line through the "Khreschatyk" also does not hold water, because the latter was already overloaded. As a result, was selected the third option: to build between "Khreschatik" and "university" and the new station is already on it to organize interchange node. In addition to solving the problem of transplant, the new station also filled a long-standing gap in the form of not built station next to the Opera.

So a station "Theatre" (till 1993 - "Lenin"). Unlike Moscow "Tver" that is built right into the action stage, without closures, the circuit construction of the "Theater" was different. Let's see what it is about:

I. First, were the most common tunnels between "Khreschatik" and "university", regularly worked for almost 27 years.

II. In the 80s south of the existing playout new station was built and the adjacent tunnels.

III. At the final stage of construction (in 1987) was performed inset new tunnels in the old track. From April 1 to October 1, the movement between "Khreschatik" and "university" was closed and the line has been broken into two parts. During tapping was completed 580 meters of tunnels, the excavation was carried out manually. To avoid ground surface subsidence of several hundred meters of the old tunnels were zabutovany, and excavation of new tunnels in place of old performed after of backing. One of the subtleties of the operation was that the various communication underground, connecting two parts of the line were to continue its operation and during the tie they had to throw a few times between the tunnels. On such a scope of work according to the standards assumed for at least 9 months, although it was assumed that the sidebar will employ more than 700 people. But such a big break in the normal functioning of the line was too big for the city and by bringing in additional forces, the organization and the continuous clock work week on a rolling basis, the application of engineering solutions, this period was reduced to six months.

At run time, tapping the train went from "Forest" to "Downtown" and from "Svyatoshino" to "the Station". Also from "the Station" to "University" of the 2nd path walked shuttle. To minimize inconvenience to residents and visitors alike, over a closed section was opened 4 new bus and trolleybus routes 3; on 5 bus and 2 tram increased the number of rolling stock; 4 trolleybus route temporarily changed their route. The task was not an easy one, because one day over the broken line was supposed to throw about 400 thousand. Man.

A month after the completion of the tie-opened "Theatre».

IV. Finally, two years later was opened Syretsko Pechersk line with a change in the "Golden Gate".

3. One of the teams performing sidebar tunnels in the old site. During a tie-sinker faced with the problem: reinforced concrete lining of old tunnels in three decades gained such strength that the variant of application of explosives, but later managed without it.

The remaining points tie between the old tunnels with a total length of about 1, 5 km are now being used as part of the ventilation system of the current site. Tunnels exist in its present form, although the equipment and track panels have been partially dismantled. Let's see what they are now out of yourself.

4. So, we are located in a former tunnel 2nd track (direction "Khreschatyk» & gt; & gt; «University") at the place where 26 years ago a tunnel cut into two parts. For concrete plug right in front of us station "Khreshchatyk" to her from the mirror is about 200 m.

5. The same tunnel, but in the direction of "University". Walker left out on the 1st of the old way haul. The rails in both tunnels long since dismantled.

6. "Mae" and "Jo". The entrances to the bathroom in inactive people named sorted:

7. After a couple of hundred meters to meet old ventilation salable in the distillation ventshahty:

8. mezhtonnelnom salable terrible buzzing transformer, breaking the silence of the place pleasant.

9. In the vicinity of ventsboyki is forever locked hermetic locks.

10. In contrast to the modern tunnel gates that are closed like an ordinary door, this went sideways. The gates of its kind in Kiev were placed only on the first starting site.

11. A little further on we found a staircase that goes down somewhere. It leads to one of the ventilation openings station "Golden Gate", and not in its STP (combined traction-down substation), as is often written. During the penetration of a new generation of tunnel lining here was reinforced with steel rings:

12. Reinforced concrete structure which completely covers the tunnel, located directly above the "Golden Gate" and serves as a huge beams, reinforcing the construction of the tunnel.

"Golden Gate" and the old tunnels are located in such a way that the average room station slightly undercuts their bottom. That is why it is necessary and additional reinforcement. Both are about the tunnel over the central part of the station.

13. Walker on "Golden Gate»:

14. Continuation of the old tunnel entrances and another bathroom. Not only as a grand staircase to the tunnel :)

15. Not so long ago in the tunnels all the old railway sleepers remained in their places. Last year, in an open area Svyatoshinsko Brovarskoy-line due to the critical state of wooden sleepers between "Dnepr" and "Darnitsa" during the summer heat was limited train speed to 50 km / h. In view of the lack of funds for the purchase of new sleepers their poverty had to pull out of canned food. Those that were still in good condition, went to the problem area.

16. In the meantime, we have reached the end of the tunnel 2nd track. Behind us is another concrete tube, followed by 400 meters from the station "University". Walker on the right, which was once the entrance to a third bathroom on this site, as it invites us to look inside.

17. After going through it, we find ourselves in a nearby tunnel. Walker left out on the current stage "Theatre" - "University". If you look closely, you will notice that the walker is very short; if we were here during the day, would be observed as by sweeping train with passengers.

18. 1st path canned whole cast iron, many of Tübingen soon celebrate 60 years.

19. Old artifact:

20. Go back to the side of the "Downtown". Halfway found the same ladder of "Golden Gate", as well as in a nearby tunnel:

21. In general, the canned kind of its own special atmosphere; as if time has stopped here many years ago. Not enough ghost train and skeleton driver in one of mezhtonnelnyh sboek :) In these tunnels could be organized chic Museum subway, with the ability to watch passing trains through the tunnels, but bringing this place in divine form and construction of the civilized entry of the passenger spaces requires good money infusion. Although at the expense of a reasonable entry fee, I think all of this could be paid off in the foreseeable future.

22. The hermetic locks and ventilation salable. Go to the right - in the same tunnel will enter (see. Photo 7 and 8), go to the left - to the existing site come.

23. Actually, let's look on the current site. To him here is long and winding walker. In the middle of the Walker is an inset of iron tubing and cable bend point to the fact that there were going to disclose some salable. Where and why - HZ

24. We went out on stage "Khreschatyk» & gt; & gt; "Theatre."

25. Somewhere in the end of the curve is the station "Khreschatyk" and hear the voice of railway workers, poking around in the tunnel.

26. Coming to the concrete tube from the "Downtown". Left the entrance to the bathroom, which you saw on the 6th photo:

27. Dive in mezhtonnelny and walker and return to the point from which we started our journey on the 4th photo:

28. That is all :)