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A rating of "green" technologies in Russia
"Green" technologies in the period of crisis in the building lost some of their relevance in Russia, but as soon as this business will revive interest in energy efficiency will inevitably increase.
As said A. Arkhangelskaya, partner, Ernst & Young: "the Green building — one of the best on the market, with high quality construction... vacancy they are usually less compared to ordinary objects by about half. If, for example, in conventional buildings, the level of underutilization will be 10%, the green the rate may be at 5%".
It's time to finally figure out and understand what can be expected from energy-saving technologies and how they justify themselves.
We present our own ranking of the most common technical solutions.
The use of double facades with natural ventilation
ROI: an estimated more than 15 years.
In this case, the facades consists of two layers of glazing that are equipped with movable partitions that are managed by the automation system. In the presence of wind, and at certain temperatures, outside air this system allows you to ventilate and condition spaces without the use of mechanical ventilation or air conditioning system.
The concept of using Natural ventilation and air conditioning the building without the consumption of electricity. It is used primarily during periods of average air temperature. Used double facades with movable wings, managed the total automation system. That saves Electricity and heat supply to the ventilation system and air conditioning. Capital costs the Cost of double skin facades 500-800 $/sq. m. area of glazing. Savings operation Savings on ventilation and air conditioning in office buildings is as high as 60-70% Advantages Savings of heat and electricity
Green
Disadvantages High capital costs
The system requires costly maintenance
The popularity rating High Examples of applications Used widely abroad, mainly in business centers.
Heat recovery in the ventilation system
Payback: 5 years
The concept of using the Savings of a heat supply for heating the supply air of the ventilation system through the use of exhaust air heat
Warm exhaust air from the room passing through the rotating drum heats his plate, which, in turn, transfer heat to the cold supply air of the street.
That saves Heating Capital costs the cost of the ventilation system by 10-15% Savings in operating Savings of heat supply in the range of 65-70% Advantages Significant savings on heating Cons Slight difficulty due to the increase in the number of ducts popularity Ranking is Very high Examples of applications Used everywhere. Almost is the standard for modern buildings.
Wastewater treatment for reuse for industrial purposes
Payback: 10 years at the present cost for water supply.
The concept of using reduced consumption of city water by treating water from the storm drain and from drain sinks to the technical needs (after deep cleaning) – watering lawns, drain toilets, irrigation, cooling towers, car washing, etc. Which saves the City water of drinking quality. The capital cost of the system Price per 1 sqm of roof about 30 $ Savings operation Savings of up to 40% of consumption of urban water supply. An average of 1 sqm of roof going 30 liters of water. The advantages of water conservation and direct protection of the environment Disadvantages Requires space for a large battery capacity. The popularity is High abroad. In Russia is rarely used due to not the high cost of urban water supply and high cost of the system. Examples of application Widely used abroad in office buildings and residential buildings, shopping centers, etc.
Geothermal heat pumps
Return: the system justifies itself only if the building is supplied less energy than buildings with conventional air-conditioning system. In this case, the system pays for itself in 7-10 years. If not to take into account the savings on the supply of electricity, the system pays for itself in 15 years.
The concept of using air-conditioning System and heating with less consumption of electricity than the traditional system of saving Supplied and consumed electricity Capital costs system Cost – 2 000 $/kW (system chiller-fan coil units – 1500-1600 $/kW). Savings on the exploitation of the Geothermal system consumes 20-30% less electricity than the system chiller-fan coil units. Advantages energy Savings. Disadvantages High capital costs.
In Russia, it is difficult to agree on a closed underground loop and it's almost impossible for outdoor (with abstraction of water from underground rivers).
The popularity rating of Medium Examples of application of the geothermal heat pumps are used rarely – more often in private construction and small objects.
In the United States is actively used by systems using groundwater, the record is an office-hotel complex with an area of 161 000 sq. m. in Kentucky.
In Europe there are many large objects with geothermal pumps. Example — a hospital in Norway, where the total depth of the wells is 70 km (350 wells 200 meters).
Cogeneration and trigeneration
Payback: 5 years.
The concept of using the individual system, which the burning gas produces heat, electricity (cogeneration) and cold (trigeneration). Saving Reduce the cost of electricity. The capital cost of the cogeneration system Cost — $1000/kW, the Savings in operation Cost of 1 kW of electricity is 3-4 times lower – about 1 RUB./kW plus Reduce the cost of electricity supply in 3-4 times. Cons the System can satisfy only 50% of the demand, because otherwise it will appear the excess of electricity at night. The popularity rating of Average examples of the use mostly found use abroad.
Cold beams
ROI: 7 years with the reduction of the supplied amount of electricity.
The concept of using to Enhance comfort in buildings and reducing energy consumption for air-conditioning system saving electricity Saving 10-15% compared to traditional system "chiller-fan coils" Capex cost of the traditional system chiller-fan coil units – about 1 of 500$/kW, the price of the chiller system-beams – 2000-2250 $/kW. The savings on the operating System saves 10% of electricity due to the fact that the chiller cools the water to 7 degrees, and up to 14. The advantages of energy Saving
Extremely high comfort in the room
Disadvantages of the Beam occupy a large area of the ceiling.
High capital costs
The popularity ranking is Very high Examples of application Universal use – office buildings, private houses, airports, etc. in Russia and abroad.
The use of cold groundwater
Payback: 3 years with the reduction of the supplied amount of electricity.
The concept of using the Use as source of cold for air conditioning system of the underground waters. The chillers are generally not used. Ice water is served directly to the cold beams (fan coil units in the system is not applicable). Save Extreme energy savings, because it is consumed only for the pumping equipment. Capital costs the cost of the system depends on ground works well. Estimated value of the system while the well depth of 100 meters – 2 500 $/kW. The savings in operation Expenses on electricity is only 25% from traditional air conditioning system. Pros Low power consumption
The absence of chillers
Extremely high comfort
Cons difficulties with the coordination of the use of groundwater.
A large amount of earthworks.
The popularity rating In Russia — low Examples Used abroad in large office and hotel complexes, etc.
The most striking example is the building of the greater London authority.
Solar panels
ROI: more than 25 years.
The concept of using the electricity from solar energy saving Input power supply.
It is important to know that the average office building and shopping center produced by solar panels no more than 5-7% of the needs.
The capital cost of system Cost – 5 000-8 000 $/kW and more. Savings on the exploitation of "Free" electricity. Pros "free" energy. Cons Very high capital costs. The popularity rating High, even despite the fact that the battery cover a small fraction needs. Examples of the application of the Building-record:
Energy-saving automation
Payback: 4-5 years.
The concept of using do Not use energy when the demand it there or use less energy. Saving Reducing electricity, heating. Capital costs the Cost of building automation 50-100 $/sq.m. Savings in operating Savings on electricity up to 30% compared to a building without automation popularity Ranking is Very high Examples of use Widespread use
Cold accumulators
Returns: if the decrease of the supplied amount of electricity, system costs the same as traditional
The concept of using less powerful hardware of the air conditioning system in half, reducing the amount of supplied electricity. In the technical premises are set accumulator tanks, which accumulate cold at night (during operation of the chillers), and in the afternoon gradually give it to the system in addition to chillers. Saving the Savings supplied electricity. The capital cost of the Price system, the accumulation is $250/kW in addition to the cost of the refrigeration station. Savings on operation maintenance costs practically do not change, just because of the difference in the cost of electricity night and day. The advantages of a marked reduction of the capacity of equipment, say instead of chiller capacity 1000 kW, you can use a chiller with a capacity of 500 kW. The coils remain at a power of 1000 kW.
Reducing the supplied amount of electricity.
Cons Requires a significant area of technical premises.
High capital costs
The popularity rating of Average. Application examples Office buildings, shopping centers.
Gas absorption chillers – air conditioning system operating on the main gas
Payback: 6 years.
The concept of using the Savings on electricity of compressors chillers, because instead of an electric compressor is used "chemical" compressor That saves Electricity is used only for the operation of pumping stations, which is about 20-30% of the power consumption of the air conditioning system, so the overall savings are very significant compared with traditional air-conditioning system. The capital cost of the absorption chiller Price is 15-20% higher than traditional chiller. Saving on operation cost of electric energy for chiller 1 RUB per 1 kW of refrigeration (at a price of 4 electricity RUB/kW)
The price of energy gas chiller – 0,6 RUB/1 kW of refrigeration (when the price of gas 7 RUB./m3 gas)
The advantages of Reducing the supplied amount of electricity.
Saving energy costs.
Cons the System only useful if the object is available gas.
The need for coordination in gas services.
It requires specially trained professionals for maintenance of the system.+++
The popularity rating of Average Examples of Such chillers are widely used in large facilities — businesses, shopping centers, etc.
The power plant on fuel cells
Payback: 8-10 years.
The concept of using ensure clean power resulting from chemical reaction between oxygen and a gas Which saves the supplied Reducing power to the building Capital costs equipment Price – 3 500-5 000 USD/kW, the Savings on operation Receipt 5 kW of electricity from 1 cubic meter of gas. Price of 1 kW and 1.4 rubles (the cost of gas – 7 RUB/m3), the Advantages of Clean energy, because the system does not use combustion processes Disadvantages High capital costs.
Do not accumulate energy, and produce it only when there is fuel.
The popularity rating of Low Examples of application In Russia is not applied. The most popular fuel cells in the United States, are used as backup power. Ordinary power element 100-250 kW.
Negotiale
Payback: 2.5 years
The idea of Forced melting of snow in a special room. Saving reduce the cost of removal of snow and reagents. Capital costs are Not high. The savings in operation are Not required to pay for snow removal. Pros the Savings in operation.
Maintenance of the site.
Disadvantages Requires space for negotialbe. The popularity rating of Average. Examples of the application of the Residential complex "Sparrow hills". published
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Source: ardexpert.ru/article/8255
As said A. Arkhangelskaya, partner, Ernst & Young: "the Green building — one of the best on the market, with high quality construction... vacancy they are usually less compared to ordinary objects by about half. If, for example, in conventional buildings, the level of underutilization will be 10%, the green the rate may be at 5%".
It's time to finally figure out and understand what can be expected from energy-saving technologies and how they justify themselves.
We present our own ranking of the most common technical solutions.
The use of double facades with natural ventilation
ROI: an estimated more than 15 years.
In this case, the facades consists of two layers of glazing that are equipped with movable partitions that are managed by the automation system. In the presence of wind, and at certain temperatures, outside air this system allows you to ventilate and condition spaces without the use of mechanical ventilation or air conditioning system.
The concept of using Natural ventilation and air conditioning the building without the consumption of electricity. It is used primarily during periods of average air temperature. Used double facades with movable wings, managed the total automation system. That saves Electricity and heat supply to the ventilation system and air conditioning. Capital costs the Cost of double skin facades 500-800 $/sq. m. area of glazing. Savings operation Savings on ventilation and air conditioning in office buildings is as high as 60-70% Advantages Savings of heat and electricity
Green
Disadvantages High capital costs
The system requires costly maintenance
The popularity rating High Examples of applications Used widely abroad, mainly in business centers.
Heat recovery in the ventilation system
Payback: 5 years
The concept of using the Savings of a heat supply for heating the supply air of the ventilation system through the use of exhaust air heat
Warm exhaust air from the room passing through the rotating drum heats his plate, which, in turn, transfer heat to the cold supply air of the street.
That saves Heating Capital costs the cost of the ventilation system by 10-15% Savings in operating Savings of heat supply in the range of 65-70% Advantages Significant savings on heating Cons Slight difficulty due to the increase in the number of ducts popularity Ranking is Very high Examples of applications Used everywhere. Almost is the standard for modern buildings.
Wastewater treatment for reuse for industrial purposes
Payback: 10 years at the present cost for water supply.
The concept of using reduced consumption of city water by treating water from the storm drain and from drain sinks to the technical needs (after deep cleaning) – watering lawns, drain toilets, irrigation, cooling towers, car washing, etc. Which saves the City water of drinking quality. The capital cost of the system Price per 1 sqm of roof about 30 $ Savings operation Savings of up to 40% of consumption of urban water supply. An average of 1 sqm of roof going 30 liters of water. The advantages of water conservation and direct protection of the environment Disadvantages Requires space for a large battery capacity. The popularity is High abroad. In Russia is rarely used due to not the high cost of urban water supply and high cost of the system. Examples of application Widely used abroad in office buildings and residential buildings, shopping centers, etc.
Geothermal heat pumps
Return: the system justifies itself only if the building is supplied less energy than buildings with conventional air-conditioning system. In this case, the system pays for itself in 7-10 years. If not to take into account the savings on the supply of electricity, the system pays for itself in 15 years.
The concept of using air-conditioning System and heating with less consumption of electricity than the traditional system of saving Supplied and consumed electricity Capital costs system Cost – 2 000 $/kW (system chiller-fan coil units – 1500-1600 $/kW). Savings on the exploitation of the Geothermal system consumes 20-30% less electricity than the system chiller-fan coil units. Advantages energy Savings. Disadvantages High capital costs.
In Russia, it is difficult to agree on a closed underground loop and it's almost impossible for outdoor (with abstraction of water from underground rivers).
The popularity rating of Medium Examples of application of the geothermal heat pumps are used rarely – more often in private construction and small objects.
In the United States is actively used by systems using groundwater, the record is an office-hotel complex with an area of 161 000 sq. m. in Kentucky.
In Europe there are many large objects with geothermal pumps. Example — a hospital in Norway, where the total depth of the wells is 70 km (350 wells 200 meters).
Cogeneration and trigeneration
Payback: 5 years.
The concept of using the individual system, which the burning gas produces heat, electricity (cogeneration) and cold (trigeneration). Saving Reduce the cost of electricity. The capital cost of the cogeneration system Cost — $1000/kW, the Savings in operation Cost of 1 kW of electricity is 3-4 times lower – about 1 RUB./kW plus Reduce the cost of electricity supply in 3-4 times. Cons the System can satisfy only 50% of the demand, because otherwise it will appear the excess of electricity at night. The popularity rating of Average examples of the use mostly found use abroad.
Cold beams
ROI: 7 years with the reduction of the supplied amount of electricity.
The concept of using to Enhance comfort in buildings and reducing energy consumption for air-conditioning system saving electricity Saving 10-15% compared to traditional system "chiller-fan coils" Capex cost of the traditional system chiller-fan coil units – about 1 of 500$/kW, the price of the chiller system-beams – 2000-2250 $/kW. The savings on the operating System saves 10% of electricity due to the fact that the chiller cools the water to 7 degrees, and up to 14. The advantages of energy Saving
Extremely high comfort in the room
Disadvantages of the Beam occupy a large area of the ceiling.
High capital costs
The popularity ranking is Very high Examples of application Universal use – office buildings, private houses, airports, etc. in Russia and abroad.
The use of cold groundwater
Payback: 3 years with the reduction of the supplied amount of electricity.
The concept of using the Use as source of cold for air conditioning system of the underground waters. The chillers are generally not used. Ice water is served directly to the cold beams (fan coil units in the system is not applicable). Save Extreme energy savings, because it is consumed only for the pumping equipment. Capital costs the cost of the system depends on ground works well. Estimated value of the system while the well depth of 100 meters – 2 500 $/kW. The savings in operation Expenses on electricity is only 25% from traditional air conditioning system. Pros Low power consumption
The absence of chillers
Extremely high comfort
Cons difficulties with the coordination of the use of groundwater.
A large amount of earthworks.
The popularity rating In Russia — low Examples Used abroad in large office and hotel complexes, etc.
The most striking example is the building of the greater London authority.
Solar panels
ROI: more than 25 years.
The concept of using the electricity from solar energy saving Input power supply.
It is important to know that the average office building and shopping center produced by solar panels no more than 5-7% of the needs.
The capital cost of system Cost – 5 000-8 000 $/kW and more. Savings on the exploitation of "Free" electricity. Pros "free" energy. Cons Very high capital costs. The popularity rating High, even despite the fact that the battery cover a small fraction needs. Examples of the application of the Building-record:
- The building insurance company CIS, UK, area battery is almost 4000 square meters, which cover 10% of the needs.
- TTS "Fresh Easy Neighborhood," space solar 4600 sq. m., which cover 33% of the needs.
Energy-saving automation
Payback: 4-5 years.
The concept of using do Not use energy when the demand it there or use less energy. Saving Reducing electricity, heating. Capital costs the Cost of building automation 50-100 $/sq.m. Savings in operating Savings on electricity up to 30% compared to a building without automation popularity Ranking is Very high Examples of use Widespread use
Cold accumulators
Returns: if the decrease of the supplied amount of electricity, system costs the same as traditional
The concept of using less powerful hardware of the air conditioning system in half, reducing the amount of supplied electricity. In the technical premises are set accumulator tanks, which accumulate cold at night (during operation of the chillers), and in the afternoon gradually give it to the system in addition to chillers. Saving the Savings supplied electricity. The capital cost of the Price system, the accumulation is $250/kW in addition to the cost of the refrigeration station. Savings on operation maintenance costs practically do not change, just because of the difference in the cost of electricity night and day. The advantages of a marked reduction of the capacity of equipment, say instead of chiller capacity 1000 kW, you can use a chiller with a capacity of 500 kW. The coils remain at a power of 1000 kW.
Reducing the supplied amount of electricity.
Cons Requires a significant area of technical premises.
High capital costs
The popularity rating of Average. Application examples Office buildings, shopping centers.
Gas absorption chillers – air conditioning system operating on the main gas
Payback: 6 years.
The concept of using the Savings on electricity of compressors chillers, because instead of an electric compressor is used "chemical" compressor That saves Electricity is used only for the operation of pumping stations, which is about 20-30% of the power consumption of the air conditioning system, so the overall savings are very significant compared with traditional air-conditioning system. The capital cost of the absorption chiller Price is 15-20% higher than traditional chiller. Saving on operation cost of electric energy for chiller 1 RUB per 1 kW of refrigeration (at a price of 4 electricity RUB/kW)
The price of energy gas chiller – 0,6 RUB/1 kW of refrigeration (when the price of gas 7 RUB./m3 gas)
The advantages of Reducing the supplied amount of electricity.
Saving energy costs.
Cons the System only useful if the object is available gas.
The need for coordination in gas services.
It requires specially trained professionals for maintenance of the system.+++
The popularity rating of Average Examples of Such chillers are widely used in large facilities — businesses, shopping centers, etc.
The power plant on fuel cells
Payback: 8-10 years.
The concept of using ensure clean power resulting from chemical reaction between oxygen and a gas Which saves the supplied Reducing power to the building Capital costs equipment Price – 3 500-5 000 USD/kW, the Savings on operation Receipt 5 kW of electricity from 1 cubic meter of gas. Price of 1 kW and 1.4 rubles (the cost of gas – 7 RUB/m3), the Advantages of Clean energy, because the system does not use combustion processes Disadvantages High capital costs.
Do not accumulate energy, and produce it only when there is fuel.
The popularity rating of Low Examples of application In Russia is not applied. The most popular fuel cells in the United States, are used as backup power. Ordinary power element 100-250 kW.
Negotiale
Payback: 2.5 years
The idea of Forced melting of snow in a special room. Saving reduce the cost of removal of snow and reagents. Capital costs are Not high. The savings in operation are Not required to pay for snow removal. Pros the Savings in operation.
Maintenance of the site.
Disadvantages Requires space for negotialbe. The popularity rating of Average. Examples of the application of the Residential complex "Sparrow hills". published
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Source: ardexpert.ru/article/8255
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