Behind the scenes of the Soviet space Bashny.Net

In honor of the Day of Cosmonautics little about what earlier in the newspapers did not write. What was behind the "space triumphs" of the USSR?

... This grand and grandiose phenomenon - the Soviet space program-always considered the ruling elite of the USSR as a symbol, the front window. This phenomenon was very clearly and persistently demonstrate to the world the constant and continuous progress in the so-called conquest of space. In the minds of many hundreds of millions of people hammered the same elementary, in fact, the idea - only the communist system is able to successfully carry out space research. But because it was not true, then any price the Soviet leaders sought to make up as something to embellish it. Simply put, to deceive not only their own people but also the citizens of Europe, Asia and America ... Alexander Kul, the historian.
From the story of a professional space ship Academician V. Mishin:
"... Khrushchev called the Queen and ordered three astronauts start immediately. But place a crew of three, and even in spacesuits, in the cabin "Sunrise" was impossible. So - Down with suits! And the astronauts flew without them ... It was impossible to do and three hatch for the bailout. So - Down with the catapult. In the West, even thought no one could imagine that we sent a crew into orbit without the proper means of salvation. "





How many astronauts killed the famous Gagarin's flight?

Listening to the home phones of the future "heroes of the cosmos", constant surveillance, life on the strictest schedule, constant tension all the forces and nerves - that's the fate of those whose names were still unknown to the general Soviet public. Plus a heavy workout. But returning from a mission alive (and succeeded by no means all) of these people have not had the opportunity to share what they saw and experienced to the full, even with its household and friends as it is very well aware that things are not so great, as that the whole world spread semi-official spokesmen. It was said, in particular, that the first in the history of mankind cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was actually not the first ...
How many astronauts were killed before the famous flight of Yuri Gagarin?
In 1957, during the launch of an experimental orbiter from the Kapustin Yar missile base killed Ledovskikh pilot, another pilot - Shiborin, was killed in 1958 when a similar start. The third attempt to launch a man into orbit was, according to some estimates, made in 1959. This launch took the life of the pilot Mitkov. Another tragedy occurred in May 1960. The capsule with the astronaut, the name and surname of which remained unknown, for unknown reasons, changed the direction of flight and the space left in the abyss ... In September of the same year, is believed to be the explosion of the carrier rocket was lost cosmonaut Pyotr Dolgov. The explosion took place right on the launch pad at the main stages of a catastrophic failure.
Until now, the subject of heated debate is the incident that occurred on Feb. 4, 1961. A mysterious Soviet satellite for quite some time broadcast on one of the telemetry channels ... the human heart, which after some time has changed their rhythm and frequency, and then in general no longer be heard. In this connection, according to some leaked information, we called names even those believed to be able in this satellite. For example, mentioned the names of Grachev, Kachur, Lobov ... One of them was there, inside ...
It referred to another case, which dates back to April 1961. At this time we are talking about the pilot Vladimir Ilyushin. The spacecraft, which flew it, did three turns around the Earth, but crashed when returning. At the time, the researcher V. Foresters confirmed by the fact that in the cosmonaut corps really was a pilot, and quite well-known, the name and surname of which were Vladimir Ilyushin. But he allegedly killed a month before the start of Gagarin in a car accident ...
The triumph and celebration of the successful flight of Gagarin largely drowned reports from Europe that in mid-May 1961 were adopted by the signals from the Soviet spacecraft to ask for help. A certain amount of doubt about this case, the researchers still now.
There is anecdotal evidence and the fact that on October 14, 1961 in the Soviet Union was made a secret group flight that ended tragically -nepravilno worked orientation system and the ship went into space ... In November 1962, the hams from Italy caught signals dying ship. It is believed that these signals - the last thing that managed to convey to Earth cosmonaut Belokon ...
But the version of Gagarin's flight. Some sources claimed that Gagarin was not the planet flew 12 April 1961.
"East" has risen into space for a few days before. On board was the son of the famous aircraft designer, test pilot Vladimir Ilyushin. However, the landing, he looked so bad that it was impossible to show the world. Resolved: Ilyushin away from the public eye. In the same year he got into a car accident and a long lay in a hospital bed.
And the role of the astronaut N 1 immediately picked up a nice guy with a cheerful smile and a wonderful personal data. Staged launch. In future, the secret to not become clear, Gagarin also staged a car accident. But he escaped with a scar on his forehead. And then after one of the training flights are not returned to the airfield reliable aircraft MiG-15UTI ...

There were no casualties!

Versions that before Gagarin casualties were people completely denied cosmonaut GM Grechko.
 - Space-try to connect many different legends. In 1996, the Western media have raised the hype, claiming that there were precursors of Yuri Gagarin, on flights that have not been reported.
Cited "evidence": Kharkov buried man named Bondarenko, who flew to Gagarin. Indeed, there was a candidate in the first group of astronauts - Bondarenko. But he was killed during a workout, because in the isolation chamber with an oxygen rich atmosphere, took a hotplate, knowing that he was there for two weeks should eat cold food. There he took in his blood, wrapped bintikom finger, and then dropped the rag on the tiles. In an oxygen atmosphere, a fire broke out, and Bondarenko badly burned. So in the space, unfortunately, he did not fly. He was killed on the ground.
Where are all these rumors? Before sending astronauts into space dummies. "Ivan Ivanovich" - we call them. And two, I think, have been built with the tape recordings of words and numbers, because it was necessary to adjust the system time radioobmena.Vo unmanned flight recorder included. Ham radio intercept these "conversations", well, the official reports that someone was flying, have been reported. Hence the speculation ...

June tragedy

April 12, 1961 the world learned about the first cosmonaut of the planet. The world admired, elated, applauding. A June 30, 1971 the world was shaken TASS. When you return to the ground on the "Soyuz-11" were killed Soviet cosmonauts - Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsaev.
Then say nothing presaged tragedy dvadtsativosmisutochny completed flight. On June 29, 21 hours 28 minutes Moscow time "Soyuz-11" undock from the space station "Salyut". The flight lasted separately. The astronauts reported to the earth, that the operation to separate the ship passed without comment, and all spacecraft systems are functioning normally. In 1 hour and 30 minutes it was included braking system. Communication with the crew stopped. After aerodynamic braking in the atmosphere was put in the parachute system and just before the ground - soft-landing engines. In a given area lander touched down smoothly. Almost simultaneously with the ship. Immediately I took a helicopter search team. According to the instructions the hatch was opened. And that presented itself before the eyes of search engines, plunged them into shock. The astronauts showed no signs of life. They were dead. Instant death overtook them in the workplace. Just no one can give a clear answer, what happened. Therefore TASS appeared sleek lines: "The causes of death of the crew specified».
Immediately formed a government commission. Fourteen leading pathologists country was given the task to establish the cause of death of the astronauts. They, in turn, attracted to the work of doctors specializing in blood clotting problems. It was necessary to make special experiments. The tragedy of the astronauts and the truth about the death was kept in the deepest secrecy. It was only many years later told the media that there was a sudden depressurization capsule. With all the logbooks, the results of experiments with photographic film cassettes - were brought to Earth and for many years served the people in the way of disclosing the secrets of the universe and the earth.
What happened on that day in June? The astronauts were killed in 56 seconds before landing. Cab lander was a few dozen kilometers from the earth. Death was instantaneous. Judging by the postures, the astronauts realized what had happened: the valve opened. They had a chance to close the valve hole. The same finger. But the trouble was that they were firmly attached to their seats belts. A process that has occurred is called explosive decompression.