History liner Andrea Doria (11 photos) Bashny.Net

According periskop: Last week read absolutely gorgeous Soviet book 1962 about the collision of ships "Andrea Doria" and "Stockholm" near the coast of the USA in the summer of 1956. And not only pleasant reading, but also very instructive. It was perhaps the first time in extreme 3-4 years, when I asked after the initial reading of some chapters in the second round and happy to read them again, more closely. The book - translated from English, and is a story-the investigation by the author Alvin Moskow, who questioned both sides and was present at the trial about the collision. A good tongue is a clear logic of the author's estranged gaze to the Anglo-Saxon style, filigree translation without mistakes, classical typography. There are illustrations.


So, something worth noting interesting about this epic shipwreck. What is important now. Up to date - especially in light of the widespread attitude to the main transport as a cooperative stall in the market, which is very common among the market-gifted individuals.

2. On the flyleaf of the book - the scheme area where there were clashes and the court, which then came to the rescue. It clearly.



3. The very book - 1962 edition of "Maritime transport". By the way: there is a stable stupid opinion that in Soviet times, allegedly published a propaganda slag or "pure" classic. So - it is completely wrong. And then there was a considerable array of high-quality literature - both translation and domestic. Such books as it passed through a professional filter and litredaktury tehredaktury, with a beautiful translation. Yes, sometimes censored, not without it. But I certainly would not book those days compared to muddy stream shit 1990s that was built "on his knees", with lots of "ashipok" a bunch of mistakes and totally unprofessional imposition.



Now, in the words of Maupassant, "closer to the body." That is, to our subject.

So he lived happily ever imagine Atlantic flagship of the Italian passenger fleet with the name of "Andrea Doria", the legendary Admiral of the XVI century. The flagship of the brand-new, built only in 1953, with all the latest innovations, the radar on board and safety requirements. He was by 1956 there were only 3 years - not age to the ship. 29,000 tons, 213 m length, 27 m width, draft 9 m 2, 1220 passengers. Smaller size, of course, the pre-war Mussolini lentonosets Rex, but more modern and luxurious. That was such a beautiful:



He worked on the main line Genoa - Gibraltar - New York.

5. And it is still alive and is healthy "Doria" comes from Genoa harbor, 1955. I was struck by this image that a little higher and the rights of its pipe (diagonal) visible piece of the hotel on a hill, with high-rise overlooking the bay, where I stayed in December 2010.



So, in the evening July 26, 1956 "Doria" once completed the crossing of the ocean voyage and a gradual approach to the American coast, going through a ragged band of mist periodically arise in his way. In the fog a little lowered the rate - from 23 to 22 knots. Less can not - or will not keep to the schedule, ship owners and passengers will be unhappy, and for pereprostoy teams longshoremen at the Port of New York will have to pay. Economy Flight fall, bad back! Nothing terrible fact - on the cabin has a radar: everyone should be going to see in advance.

6. And he was met by a small (12,000 tons), but also stylish and comfortable Swedish ship "Stockholm", 1948. Half the length of "Doria" and much less - the smallest Transatlantic on the line. Heading Copenhagen - Gothenburg, that is, after the passage of the lighthouse should gradually dodging left. He walked slowly Italians - 17 knots.



7. What happened after that, I will not recount in detail: that the book devoted much of Chapter 4: the mate error and overconfidence captain "Doria" and misunderstanding maneuver each other. In addition, the Italian navigator on watch did not control the intended course of the oncoming vessel radar. And all this happened in the fog.

Swedish co-driver, according to the rules of navigation, intended to disperse port to port, but the "Doria" went straight, almost without changing course, going almost across the path, and then a young Swede, who was standing on duty and who led the gasket counter on the radar, gave the order to turn more to the right 20 deg., in order to perform the difference, as expected. Whatever it was, in the region of 23:17 pm (around midnight), a Swedish ship successfully found an Italian ship on the vast expanses of the ocean and with all the dope vlupit nose in his right side, hit just 7 decks and proportional one (only one) waterproof compartment. There was a hole in the area of ​​the bridge width of about 10-12 meters.



Reconstruction of the collision with the Italian magazine

Both ships turned abruptly from the collision. Swedish captain Nordenson immediately reversed the car and back in full swing with a shriek came from the side of "Andrea Doria"; Court disengage. Then, in the hole, "Doria," gushed the water, it is strongly tilted to starboard and went into the fog, the same 22-node swing, going More about six miles, until it did not stop the car.

And here we come to the fun part, namely, how specific actions "invisible hand of the market" and "free competition" (and as a result, compliance with "efficient economy flight" as the main goal) - the laws on transport safety.

8. Thus, the "Stockholm", which went before the stroke of 17 knots, with a crippled nose came out of the womb, "Doria" and lay down in a drift near the lightship. Bloody Harvest collision had gathered about 7 persons victims of the crew, who were resting after watch in the bow cabin, crumpled at the time of contact of the two vessels. All others are not affected at all, including no Swedish passenger liner. Meticulous Scandinavians built on the conscience, and the crippled ship drifted without a roll - was filled with water only one compartment and the crew almost immediately balanced draft. Moreover, it is a couple of hours without problems pulled the boat and managed to take on board the sinking "Doria" about 400 people. In the morning I went to the low speed port and then 4 months has been renovated and again vyshёl on the line.



Reconstruction of the collision with the Italian magazine

Both ships turned abruptly from the collision. Swedish captain Nordenson immediately reversed the car and back in full swing with a shriek came from the side of "Andrea Doria"; Court disengage. Then, in the hole, "Doria," gushed the water, it is strongly tilted to starboard and went into the fog, the same 22-node swing, going More about six miles, until it did not stop the car.

And here we come to the fun part, namely, how specific actions "invisible hand of the market" and "free competition" (and as a result, compliance with "efficient economy flight" as the main goal) - the laws on transport safety.

8. Thus, the "Stockholm", which went before the stroke of 17 knots, with a crippled nose came out of the womb, "Doria" and lay down in a drift near the lightship. Bloody Harvest collision had gathered about 7 persons victims of the crew, who were resting after watch in the bow cabin, crumpled at the time of contact of the two vessels. All others are not affected at all, including no Swedish passenger liner. Meticulous Scandinavians built on the conscience, and the crippled ship drifted without a roll - was filled with water only one compartment and the crew almost immediately balanced draft. Moreover, it is a couple of hours without problems pulled the boat and managed to take on board the sinking "Doria" about 400 people. In the morning I went to the low speed port and then 4 months has been renovated and again vyshёl on the line.



Here, see for yourself, huh? As he lurched. So what, why so "unlucky" handsome Italian luxury? Why Swedes stood still, and even saved 1/5 of people who were on the Italians, and the giant ship from Italy, the sum insured 30 million. Dollars. 1956 (now this amount, recalculated, already draws about half a billion dollars. ), successfully went to the bottom?

In order to understand better and to isolate the most important thing in this sad event, I have twice read the relevant chapters of this book.

The reason was simple: the usual greed, concern about the economy flight. And petty greed.

Explain.
The fact that a large part of the bilge of the vessel, between the 1st and 2nd bottoms, there container intended for different liquids (oil, water, etc.) - the so-called deep tanks. As they are used up are empty and should be - to preserve the stability of design and low center of gravity - filled with seawater. And then, in the port, after taking the bilge water on the special support vessels, refuel there again.

So, Captain, "Doria" this procedure is not done - after a deep tanks opustevaniya content remained unfilled. Why did he do that? Because in the port of New York for the procedure of reception of bilge water had to be paid. It just pump out the water from fuel residues overboard can not be - a major port, where their strict rules. Suitable special vessel and pumped to all. For this - you need to deduct a certain amount. And this amount cunning Italians traditionally saved. Paying also increased pitching for the last day of the flight, but a little more, and fuel economy, due to more light total weight of the ship.

And when the Swede hit "Doria" to starboard, and he struck the deep tanks that are filled with a couple of minutes seawater. However, on the left side of the empty tank in the double bottom is completely preserved buoyancy, keeping the high board - and, therefore, the vessel immediately lost stability (see. Photo). A power supply pumps deep tanks was broken - because It was partially damaged and the generator compartment. And then gradually turns off all the mechanics of generators - as a stay of water inside the ship.

This is how a small economy ruined huge luxury ship - the pride of Italy. The invisible hand of the market, yes.
After all, the economy at this "market" - traditionally ahead of safety.

10. The picture is sinking "Doria" aboard an old man "Ile de France", approached for salvation. He left at 6 am, when he took almost all of the remaining passengers, but the Italian still held.



In this book describes a lot more interesting things that inevitably got out at the trial (then still shipowners have concluded a settlement agreement and the process is stopped - that did not come out even more dirty underside). In particular, over 40% of the team, "Doria" the first escape from the sinking ship - to staff the starboard boats, which could later, throwing passengers. And thereby disgraced general title of sailor. Swedes in the course of this fact were extremely outraged. We keep on Italian ship before the end of only three kinds of people - doctors, mechanics and supreme navigational structure. Captain Kalaman all wanted to stay there, to avoid shame and share the fate of the ship, but it almost forcibly removed in 3 hours before the sinking.

11. Last agony "Doria" - he remains two minutes (the picture with "Cessna" - cunning reporters Americans were able to quickly respond to such infopovod and rent a light aircraft already in the early morning).



In general, I recommend the book highly. You learn a lot of instructive and informative ...