The main complications of using botulinum toxin A

    




When the doctor has been practicing injection of botulinum toxin into the facial muscles, in certain cases, there is a precedent of complications in patients. Dr. Anthony Benetto allocates 3 main causes of such complications:

• The first group the most common side effects — skin reaction on the injection at the injection site. Patients complain of pain, bruising, swelling, bleeding at the puncture site, soreness of muscles and skin after injection. Most often this is due to an incorrect needle used by the physician for the procedure.
• Additional adverse effects may occur due to incorrect technique of administration. This can cause an iatrogenic asimetria, changes in facial musculature, and other adverse effects. They may be accompanied by compensatory hyperkinesis and synkinesis.
• There is also the complications caused in fact by the toxin. Coming these include headaches, malaise, muscle atrophy, and reducing the effectiveness of re-treatment. For more stable results it is important to focus on the medical history of each patient before beginning the procedure. This is especially true of long-term patients, which treatments often enough and not always warn the doctor about the diseases that they suffered during the breaks between treatments botulinum.

Anthony Benetto
dermatologist, doctor of medical Sciences,
Professor of dermatology at the Medical school of the University of Pennsylvania.
Member of the Board of the Committee of the International Union of aesthetic medicine
member of the American Academy of dermatology.
According to Dr. Benetta, with the introduction of botulinum toxin into the muscles of the face and the doctor and the patient should focus on the direct and indirect complications to create an aesthetically harmonious and natural results with minimal complications.
Research for the definition and classification of complications
Within 2 years, 102 women and 27 men aged from 32 to 79 (average age of the subjects was 61 years) were administered a botulinum toxin 3-4 times a year to treat existing wrinkles. Glabellar wrinkles be cured most often. In addition to them, the patients had the presence of horizontal forehead wrinkles, crow's feet, hernia of the lower eyelid, side of ptosis of the eyebrows, nasolabial folds, vertical wrinkles in the mouth area, mental ruffles, inversion of the lateral oral commissures, horizontal wrinkles subcutaneous muscles of the neck. In all of these areas introduced a minimal amount of botulinum toxin (usually in one session) to get results and minimize the risk of possible complications.
All patients experienced temporary relief from unwanted wrinkles, which varied in length depending on the age, frequency and number of consecutive treatments, the amount of product used. According to experts and patients, all complications were minor. The frequency and severity of complications were predicted by the expert in the process of technical examination on the basis of the hemodynamic status of the patient. Younger patients had fewer complications than older patients. This is due to the degree of photodamage of the skin.
Insights
Specialists with extensive experience of complications occur rarely, the correctness of the above treatment, and the final results — the most aesthetic, said the expert.

Source: estet-portal.com