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"Hunger hormone" has ceased to cause appetite
The hormone ghrelin when it opened in 1999 and almost immediately was named "the hunger hormone" – coming from the stomach, where it is synthesized in the pituitary gland, it triggers the synthesis of growth hormone (growth hormone) and stimulates feeding behavior, that is, stimulates the appetite, focuses attention on food etc. Quite quickly able to establish that its level increases before meals and laboratory animals after injection of ghrelin started to gain weight.
But further studies have discovered some oddities. For example, one would expect that if the rats off himself or ghrelin receptor to it, the animals become anorexic – they just cease to be interested in food. However, nothing like this has happened.
This can be explained by the fact that in such a vital matter as nutrition and eating behavior, have gilenovich signals doubles-insurers, and that despite disabling ghrelin are some other molecules that support eating behavior. To avoid this compensatory effect, Jacques Pantel (Pantel Jacques) and his colleagues from the French research centre INSERM tried to turn off receptor for grelin not completely, but partially, removing the receptor gene have a small part of it.
It turned out that in this case sensitivity to the hormone only rose in cell culture and in animals is needed less ghrelin to turn on receptor. While in fact the effect remained the same: ghrelin stimulated appetite and launched the synthesis of growth hormone. However, this occurred in the case where ghrelin was administered by injection. But he is synthesized in the body.
And here it turned out that the native (or endogenous) ghrelin reaction was different and very strange: animals with a modified receptor that is more sensitive to the hormone, the activity of gaining weight than normal rats, but ate those and other equally. Weight gain was not due to the increase of food eaten, and due to the fact that in the body increased body fat – in other words, a large part eaten was postponed in reserve.
That is, once again, in the amplification signal chain, associated with the "hormone of hunger", animal fat is not due to overeating, but due to the accumulation of body fat. Then it turns out that increasing the level of ghrelin before a meal is not so much in order to customize the behavior to search for food, how to prepare the body for receipt and storage of calories. The fact that the hunger hormone has ceased to cause the appetite, should be understood not in the sense that he has changed ghrelin, and that now were able to clarify its functions.
But how then to be with the first part, which is injection of the hormone just stimulated feeding behavior? The authors suggest that it is all too great abundance of ghrelin, which is produced in the body – in fact there are some inner level is added, and the outer portion – and in this case probably appetite stimulation provides a certain side and not quite natural reaction.
Other researchers acknowledge that new results gelino published in Science Signaling, rather curious, however, to completely revise the role of the "hunger hormone", we need additional experiments. What is the interest of all of this can be for those who are not in hormonal signals? Of course, we are talking about food, about calories, but no practical specifics here is impossible to retrieve.
It should be noted that, on the one hand, such research could not be better illustrated, how is scientific inquiry and how many nuances found when we try to clarify our ideas about a particular biological entity (be it a hormone, a biochemical reaction cells or animal). Interpretation of results is not limited to the refutation or confirmation, and sometimes confirmation or denial remain in place, it just turns out that they relate to any artificial or secondary manifestations.
On the other hand, the same "hunger hormone", as you can guess, is quite suitable as a target any "weight-loss drugs", "medicines for the normalization of metabolism", etc. But is it possible to use these funds if we do not yet fully understand, what exactly makes himself ghrelin?
Also interesting: the Hormone cholecystokinin: Your fat friend
Hormones physical attractiveness
Summarizing, we can say that when we suddenly find some giant national economic perspective, we should always remind ourselves that the world is more complicated than it seems, especially when we are talking about molecules, atoms, cells, etc. of Course, someone will say that science to the end never finds out, and that many people, so many opinions, and other such pearls of folk wisdom, however, if things really were so, we would still lived in caves, not being able to figure anything out until the end, and sharing a variety of views.published
Author: Cyril Stasevich
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Join us in Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: www.nkj.ru/news/28656/
But further studies have discovered some oddities. For example, one would expect that if the rats off himself or ghrelin receptor to it, the animals become anorexic – they just cease to be interested in food. However, nothing like this has happened.
This can be explained by the fact that in such a vital matter as nutrition and eating behavior, have gilenovich signals doubles-insurers, and that despite disabling ghrelin are some other molecules that support eating behavior. To avoid this compensatory effect, Jacques Pantel (Pantel Jacques) and his colleagues from the French research centre INSERM tried to turn off receptor for grelin not completely, but partially, removing the receptor gene have a small part of it.
It turned out that in this case sensitivity to the hormone only rose in cell culture and in animals is needed less ghrelin to turn on receptor. While in fact the effect remained the same: ghrelin stimulated appetite and launched the synthesis of growth hormone. However, this occurred in the case where ghrelin was administered by injection. But he is synthesized in the body.
And here it turned out that the native (or endogenous) ghrelin reaction was different and very strange: animals with a modified receptor that is more sensitive to the hormone, the activity of gaining weight than normal rats, but ate those and other equally. Weight gain was not due to the increase of food eaten, and due to the fact that in the body increased body fat – in other words, a large part eaten was postponed in reserve.
That is, once again, in the amplification signal chain, associated with the "hormone of hunger", animal fat is not due to overeating, but due to the accumulation of body fat. Then it turns out that increasing the level of ghrelin before a meal is not so much in order to customize the behavior to search for food, how to prepare the body for receipt and storage of calories. The fact that the hunger hormone has ceased to cause the appetite, should be understood not in the sense that he has changed ghrelin, and that now were able to clarify its functions.
But how then to be with the first part, which is injection of the hormone just stimulated feeding behavior? The authors suggest that it is all too great abundance of ghrelin, which is produced in the body – in fact there are some inner level is added, and the outer portion – and in this case probably appetite stimulation provides a certain side and not quite natural reaction.
Other researchers acknowledge that new results gelino published in Science Signaling, rather curious, however, to completely revise the role of the "hunger hormone", we need additional experiments. What is the interest of all of this can be for those who are not in hormonal signals? Of course, we are talking about food, about calories, but no practical specifics here is impossible to retrieve.
It should be noted that, on the one hand, such research could not be better illustrated, how is scientific inquiry and how many nuances found when we try to clarify our ideas about a particular biological entity (be it a hormone, a biochemical reaction cells or animal). Interpretation of results is not limited to the refutation or confirmation, and sometimes confirmation or denial remain in place, it just turns out that they relate to any artificial or secondary manifestations.
On the other hand, the same "hunger hormone", as you can guess, is quite suitable as a target any "weight-loss drugs", "medicines for the normalization of metabolism", etc. But is it possible to use these funds if we do not yet fully understand, what exactly makes himself ghrelin?
Also interesting: the Hormone cholecystokinin: Your fat friend
Hormones physical attractiveness
Summarizing, we can say that when we suddenly find some giant national economic perspective, we should always remind ourselves that the world is more complicated than it seems, especially when we are talking about molecules, atoms, cells, etc. of Course, someone will say that science to the end never finds out, and that many people, so many opinions, and other such pearls of folk wisdom, however, if things really were so, we would still lived in caves, not being able to figure anything out until the end, and sharing a variety of views.published
Author: Cyril Stasevich
P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©
Join us in Facebook , Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki
Source: www.nkj.ru/news/28656/
