604
Pending projects Moscow metro
Please do not break, the end will tell
In marte1933 at a meeting of the Organising Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) the decision was made on the construction of the Moscow metro. The grandiose project meant the synergy of ideas and plans, but not all of them are true. Metro could be quite different ...
Ghost station "Sovetskaya»
Throughout the history of the Moscow metro in the subway constantly appearing and disappearing ghost station. Some abandoned areas finishing work, some settled in for depot. From all this list of interesting station "Sovetskaya", which is located under the Soviet area, between the stations Tverskaya and Mayakovskaya.
For some reason, one of them - the acceleration of the construction, the station was never built. Therefore, "Soviet" can not be seen in the stretch Zamoskvoretskaya. On Stalin's orders it was adapted for the underground bunker of the Moscow headquarters of GO and camouflaged tunnels.
Today, the first and second floor of the house, which is located under the "Soviet" - Tverskaya 8/2 Building 4 takes the General Directorate of Civil Defense and Emergency Situations in Moscow. It is believed that their shelter is located on the "Soviet".
Two ring
For a long time there is talk about the construction of the second ring line of the Moscow metro, which is to take place outside the Garden, and, first of all connect the station Polezhaevskaya and Victory Park. However, this is not the first project that meant two ring line in the Moscow subway.
Such a project, however, less ambitious was approved in 1922. According to the official brochure "Moscow of the future - the means of transport", the Moscow Metro was to consist of five and two diametrical ring lines near the Boulevard and the Garden Ring.
The work was in full swing vengeance. Across the road in the years 1924-1925 have been drilled 55 exploration wells and made up of geological profiles. A year later, the best specialists went on business trips to the city, where the subway has become part of everyday life - Paris, Berlin, Hamburg.
The trip was fatal - in 1929, Stalin began to look for enemies of the people, almost all developers have been arrested on suspicion of treason and sent to Solovki, and the project is frozen.
Deep Underground first stage
When the construction of the metro was resumed in 1931, we all arose legitimate question - how to build it in Moscow? Most experts were repressed, and geology of the capital of the Soviet Union differ from those of other cities, where there was a subway. As a result, the first place - Sokolnicheskaya line from the station to Sokolniki Park of Culture it was decided to lay deep underground.
However, further examination, which was attended by the Soviet, German, British and French experts failed almost never reach this mark in the powerful layers of clay. We decided to try the French - lay "shield method." Plot number 4 has worked only a few months, and then went into the tunnel aquifer sediment occurred land standing next building cracked and only miraculously collapsed.
Soon water main burst and flooded a second "French" mine №29. As a result of a long ordeal, it was decided shallow tunnels. Even now easy to see that station from "Sokolniki" to "Park of Culture" is very shallow.
Destruction of underground
October 16, 1941, residents of Moscow faced with a terrible: Moscow metro was closed. It was the only day in the whole of it when it was not working. In Moscow, began to panic. It has spread information that Stalin left Moscow, and the city was about to surrender to the Germans.
Moscow stopped flushing, closed the pharmacy and clinics. As a result of such negligence Moscow was empty, began spontaneous actions of looting and mass exodus. Who is richer - left on the machines who is easier - left foot. Stalin ordered to prepare an explosion major industrial enterprises and other major facilities in Moscow.
October 10 explosives were delivered to the plants. Muscovites have evolved firm conviction the end of Russia, of the world. They waited for Stalin, his decision. Stalin ordered to stop panic. He stayed, though everything was ready for departure. Stalin and quashed the order on the underground explosion, which after the famous parade of November 7, 1941 was a huge bomb shelter.
The metro station "Mayakovskaya" said Stalin and his famous speech "Comrades, Red Army and Navy." I must say that the waiting time for Stalin Subway still managed to make out, and up to mid-1942, it operated at half power.
The unfinished tunnels and stations were installed wooden decks and bunk bunks were equipped with cupboards and lockers. The announcement did not stop, but trains ran until seven at night. During the war, the subway was born more than 200 children.
Dead-end path Filevskaya line
Filyovskaya Moscow metro line connects the city center with the Fili and Kuntsevo. The oldest of her station - "Alexandrovsky Garden" - has repeatedly renamed. Until December 1946, it was called "Street of the Comintern", until November 1990 - "Kalinin" in 1991 for a few days the station was officially named "Vozdvizhenka».
With blue branch associated with many legends, the main of which provides for a special branch of the government, which goes up to Stalin's dacha in Kuntsevo. How to confirm or disprove this legend until no one could, but definitely at the station "Alexandrovsky Garden" there are ways that go from the station in the dead-end of the Fili line towards the Kremlin. About this in his article "Sensitive line of the Moscow Metro," - said the historian Matthew Grechko.
On the opposite, with the western part of the station platforms are stairs, which were intended for connection to another lobby, but it was never built. The passage is closed to passengers.
Masterpiece ENEA
The problem of freezing and reducing projects and touched the appearance of plants. For example, the station ENEA at the Kaluga-Riga's original idea was to be a real work of art - its pylons were framing arches, decorated with green and gold Florentine mosaic.
Artist of the project - the artist has prepared Farovsky ornaments interwoven oak leaves and ribbons. However, when one of the pylons have been executed in stone, the budget is suddenly reduced. Minimalism Khrushchev made itself felt. Already made mosaic relentlessly plastered and painted over the dark green paint. So another masterpiece became a victim of the economy.
Project 1902
Moscow metro project under Stalin was not the first. Ideas about the construction of off-street rail transport, which could become an alternative to the tram, visited the Russian engineers in tsarist times.
One of the most successful projects of the king's Metro, who managed to reach the Moscow State Duma, had a plan of Civil Engineers and P.I.Balinskogo E.K.Knorre. The essence of the project was to bring together urban and non-urban systems, main-line railways in a single paragraph, which would guarantee a convenient connection in any direction.
Within the circular railway was designed network of subway lines, total length of 105 kilometers. The project was divided into several phases. The first consisted of a 14-kilometer radius from the central station through Red Square along Tverskaya, near the Petrovsky Palace to Tepliy, and two lines of the Garden and Boulevard streets, forming a kind of closed circuit pretzel length of nearly 30 km.
It Balinsky to the chairman of the State Duma by Prince Golitsyn was flawless: "As a warrior, speaking at the forefront of fighting voystva, knowing what awaits him almost certain death, he sticks his chest by a shot, because understands that his life defending the higher principles .. . ».
The words proved prophetic - the project is not approved, considering it unnecessary for Moscow at the time. In addition, in the Tver region it is planned underground subway, which the Russian clergy regarded as "the entrance to hell».
All.
Source
Source:
In marte1933 at a meeting of the Organising Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) the decision was made on the construction of the Moscow metro. The grandiose project meant the synergy of ideas and plans, but not all of them are true. Metro could be quite different ...
Ghost station "Sovetskaya»
Throughout the history of the Moscow metro in the subway constantly appearing and disappearing ghost station. Some abandoned areas finishing work, some settled in for depot. From all this list of interesting station "Sovetskaya", which is located under the Soviet area, between the stations Tverskaya and Mayakovskaya.
For some reason, one of them - the acceleration of the construction, the station was never built. Therefore, "Soviet" can not be seen in the stretch Zamoskvoretskaya. On Stalin's orders it was adapted for the underground bunker of the Moscow headquarters of GO and camouflaged tunnels.
Today, the first and second floor of the house, which is located under the "Soviet" - Tverskaya 8/2 Building 4 takes the General Directorate of Civil Defense and Emergency Situations in Moscow. It is believed that their shelter is located on the "Soviet".
Two ring
For a long time there is talk about the construction of the second ring line of the Moscow metro, which is to take place outside the Garden, and, first of all connect the station Polezhaevskaya and Victory Park. However, this is not the first project that meant two ring line in the Moscow subway.
Such a project, however, less ambitious was approved in 1922. According to the official brochure "Moscow of the future - the means of transport", the Moscow Metro was to consist of five and two diametrical ring lines near the Boulevard and the Garden Ring.
The work was in full swing vengeance. Across the road in the years 1924-1925 have been drilled 55 exploration wells and made up of geological profiles. A year later, the best specialists went on business trips to the city, where the subway has become part of everyday life - Paris, Berlin, Hamburg.
The trip was fatal - in 1929, Stalin began to look for enemies of the people, almost all developers have been arrested on suspicion of treason and sent to Solovki, and the project is frozen.
Deep Underground first stage
When the construction of the metro was resumed in 1931, we all arose legitimate question - how to build it in Moscow? Most experts were repressed, and geology of the capital of the Soviet Union differ from those of other cities, where there was a subway. As a result, the first place - Sokolnicheskaya line from the station to Sokolniki Park of Culture it was decided to lay deep underground.
However, further examination, which was attended by the Soviet, German, British and French experts failed almost never reach this mark in the powerful layers of clay. We decided to try the French - lay "shield method." Plot number 4 has worked only a few months, and then went into the tunnel aquifer sediment occurred land standing next building cracked and only miraculously collapsed.
Soon water main burst and flooded a second "French" mine №29. As a result of a long ordeal, it was decided shallow tunnels. Even now easy to see that station from "Sokolniki" to "Park of Culture" is very shallow.
Destruction of underground
October 16, 1941, residents of Moscow faced with a terrible: Moscow metro was closed. It was the only day in the whole of it when it was not working. In Moscow, began to panic. It has spread information that Stalin left Moscow, and the city was about to surrender to the Germans.
Moscow stopped flushing, closed the pharmacy and clinics. As a result of such negligence Moscow was empty, began spontaneous actions of looting and mass exodus. Who is richer - left on the machines who is easier - left foot. Stalin ordered to prepare an explosion major industrial enterprises and other major facilities in Moscow.
October 10 explosives were delivered to the plants. Muscovites have evolved firm conviction the end of Russia, of the world. They waited for Stalin, his decision. Stalin ordered to stop panic. He stayed, though everything was ready for departure. Stalin and quashed the order on the underground explosion, which after the famous parade of November 7, 1941 was a huge bomb shelter.
The metro station "Mayakovskaya" said Stalin and his famous speech "Comrades, Red Army and Navy." I must say that the waiting time for Stalin Subway still managed to make out, and up to mid-1942, it operated at half power.
The unfinished tunnels and stations were installed wooden decks and bunk bunks were equipped with cupboards and lockers. The announcement did not stop, but trains ran until seven at night. During the war, the subway was born more than 200 children.
Dead-end path Filevskaya line
Filyovskaya Moscow metro line connects the city center with the Fili and Kuntsevo. The oldest of her station - "Alexandrovsky Garden" - has repeatedly renamed. Until December 1946, it was called "Street of the Comintern", until November 1990 - "Kalinin" in 1991 for a few days the station was officially named "Vozdvizhenka».
With blue branch associated with many legends, the main of which provides for a special branch of the government, which goes up to Stalin's dacha in Kuntsevo. How to confirm or disprove this legend until no one could, but definitely at the station "Alexandrovsky Garden" there are ways that go from the station in the dead-end of the Fili line towards the Kremlin. About this in his article "Sensitive line of the Moscow Metro," - said the historian Matthew Grechko.
On the opposite, with the western part of the station platforms are stairs, which were intended for connection to another lobby, but it was never built. The passage is closed to passengers.
Masterpiece ENEA
The problem of freezing and reducing projects and touched the appearance of plants. For example, the station ENEA at the Kaluga-Riga's original idea was to be a real work of art - its pylons were framing arches, decorated with green and gold Florentine mosaic.
Artist of the project - the artist has prepared Farovsky ornaments interwoven oak leaves and ribbons. However, when one of the pylons have been executed in stone, the budget is suddenly reduced. Minimalism Khrushchev made itself felt. Already made mosaic relentlessly plastered and painted over the dark green paint. So another masterpiece became a victim of the economy.
Project 1902
Moscow metro project under Stalin was not the first. Ideas about the construction of off-street rail transport, which could become an alternative to the tram, visited the Russian engineers in tsarist times.
One of the most successful projects of the king's Metro, who managed to reach the Moscow State Duma, had a plan of Civil Engineers and P.I.Balinskogo E.K.Knorre. The essence of the project was to bring together urban and non-urban systems, main-line railways in a single paragraph, which would guarantee a convenient connection in any direction.
Within the circular railway was designed network of subway lines, total length of 105 kilometers. The project was divided into several phases. The first consisted of a 14-kilometer radius from the central station through Red Square along Tverskaya, near the Petrovsky Palace to Tepliy, and two lines of the Garden and Boulevard streets, forming a kind of closed circuit pretzel length of nearly 30 km.
It Balinsky to the chairman of the State Duma by Prince Golitsyn was flawless: "As a warrior, speaking at the forefront of fighting voystva, knowing what awaits him almost certain death, he sticks his chest by a shot, because understands that his life defending the higher principles .. . ».
The words proved prophetic - the project is not approved, considering it unnecessary for Moscow at the time. In addition, in the Tver region it is planned underground subway, which the Russian clergy regarded as "the entrance to hell».
All.
Source
Source:
