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6 unsolved science findings (21 photos)
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1. The Voynich Manuscript.
It is a mysterious book written about 500 years ago by an unknown author, in an unknown language, using an unknown alphabet. Decipher the Voynich manuscript tried many times, but so far without any success. It has become the Holy Grail of cryptography, but it is not excluded that the manuscript is only a hoax, an incoherent set of characters.
The book is named after an American bookseller Wilfrid Voynich Lithuanian descent (her husband's famous writer Ethel Lilian Voynich, author of "The Gadfly"), which acquired it in 1912. Now it is kept in the Library of Rare Books Bayneke Yale University. The book is about 240 pages of vellum. On the cover there are no inscriptions or drawings. Page size - 15 by 23 cm, thickness of the book - less than 3 cm. Gaps in the numbering of pages (which, apparently, under the book itself) indicate that some pages had been lost at the time of acquiring books Wilfried Voynich. The text is written bird's feather, they also made illustrations. Illustrations crudely painted with colored inks may, after writing the book.
In the book, more than 170 000 characters, usually separated from each other by narrow spaces. Most signs are written with one or two simple movements of the pen. Alphabet of 20-30 letters manuscript can write all the lyrics. The exceptions are a few dozen special characters, each of which appears in the book 1-2 times.
Except for the final part of the book, all pages have pictures. According to him, the book several sections, different in style and content, "botanical", "astronomical", "biological", "cosmological constant", "pharmaceutical", retseptny. "
Experienced military interpreter, cryptographers, mathematicians, linguists could not decipher a single word. Some say that it is impossible to crack the code, you need a key to it. Others say that it's all a hoax.
2. The Antikythera Mechanism.
Antikythera mechanism - mechanical device found in 1900 on the sunken ancient ship near the Greek island of Antikythera. Dates from about the year 100 BC. e.
The mechanism comprises a large number of bronze gears in a wooden case, in which were placed dials with arrows, and was used for mathematical calculations, and the calculation of the motion of celestial bodies. Other devices of similar complexity known in the Hellenistic culture. It uses a differential gear, which, as previously thought, invented until the XVI century, and the level of miniaturization and complexity comparable to the mechanical clock of the XVIII century. Approximate dimensions of the mechanism assembly 33x18x10 cm.
Reconstruction of devices
The problem is that in a time when this mechanism is devised, the laws of gravity and motion of celestial bodies has not yet been opened. In other words, the Antikythera Mechanism has features that no ordinary people of the time would not understand, and no objectives that era (eg, navigation of ships) can not explain the unprecedented for the time functions and settings that has this device.
3.Beygongskie pipe.
In one of the areas of China in the top of the mountain there are three mysterious cave. Two of them are destroyed and inaccessible; average cave not yet collapsed and has dimensions of 2 meters wide by 8 meters high and 6 meters deep. Inside the cave is part of the pipe going from the mountain top to the end of the cave - it is about 40 cm in diameter. Another pipe of the same diameter of the bottom of the cave is somewhere below. During the opening of the cave was found in all 12 pipe diameters from 10 to 40 cm, which create a complex weave, indicating a high technology builders.
Approximately 80 meters from the caves is Lake Toson. On the near side of the lake to the cave there are several pipe length of about 40 meters and a diameter of 2 to 4, 5 centimeters. They have bizarre forms. The finest of them is shaped like toothpicks. Pipes there in the lake. Some of them stick out of the water, and some are at the bottom. Its characteristics are similar to those found on the beach near the lake.
Samples of the pipe material were taken for examination, which showed that about 8 percent of their composition can not be identified. Liu Shaolin, one of the engineers conducted the tests, said: "The result of the interaction of iron with a stone suggests that these pipes must be very, very old».
Who and what is put in the caves of these pipes, still remains a mystery. Some argue that this is the work of aliens, Cave - their shelter tubes - ventyalitsionnaya and sewerage system. Someone said that all a hoax.
4. Giant stone balls of Costa Rica.
Stone spheres of Costa Rica - prehistoric stone balls (petrosfery), not less than three hundred of which remained in the estuary Dikvis, Nicoya Peninsula and the island of Caño off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It made of gabbro, limestone or sandstone. Their sizes vary from an inch in diameter up to two meters; the largest weighing 16 tons.
The first balls were discovered in the 1930s. United Fruit Company workers in the clearing space for banana plantations. Mindful of the local beliefs that lurks inside the stone of gold, workers drilled them and pick up the pieces. Vandalism was stopped by the intervention of the company's management; daughter of the later wrote a monograph on petrosferah Costa Rica.
Traditional methods of stratigraphic dating of artifacts not very applicable stone balls that repeatedly move from place to place. According to the finds of ancient ceramics near the newly opened petrosfer they try to time to the different archaeological cultures of Central America. The dispersion in this case is dating from 200 BC. e. up to 1500 AD. e., that is, it covers almost the entire period of the pre-Columbian civilizations.
The purpose and circumstances of the creation of petrosfer also pose a puzzle for scientists. It can be assumed that these were the symbols of heavenly bodies or designate land borders between different tribes. More precisely, it could be judged, scientists bear full information about the places of their original placement.
5. The Baghdad Battery.
The Baghdad Battery - mysterious Mesopotamian artifact Parthian and Sasanian periods that followed William Koenig - Director of the National Museum of Iraq - is sometimes regarded as the antique galvanic cells, created 2,000 years before the birth of Alessandro Volta.
When archaeologists stumbled on the battery, it is suggested that this is an ordinary clay pot for storing oil, but this theory was soon eliminated as an artifact contained copper rod with traces of acid corrosion. The battery is filled with acid or alkali, could create an electrical current voltage of one volt.
The device may be used to apply gold plating on statuettes and other products. For example, at the Baghdad museum has silvered vases, dating from 2500 BC, silver in the vase was allegedly applied the electrolytic method.
6. The mysterious sound of the ocean depths.
In 1997, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has registered a strange sound in the ocean. A strange and loud. So loud that it caught two separate microphone at a distance of 3000 miles. According to official statements by NOAA, the sound source is unknown. The general character of the sound allows to suspect that he published a living creature, but a creature unknown to science. Judging by the sound of the distance traveled, the creature must have great size, is much more of a blue whale.
The sound you can listen to here.
If we discard the assumption of the existence of the Pacific species unknown to science giant creatures, remains two versions: either the sound of a large number of entities promoted at the same time or in the region briefly developed unique acoustic conditions will sverhdalёkoe sound propagation. As the most reliable and plausible, but has not officially confirm the version, the sound could be produced a large cluster of giant squid (by the way, the largest squid, caught the man weighed 450 kg, and its length was 10 meters).
It is interesting that the coordinates of the sound source are not far from the place where the writer HP Lovecraft have to Rleh underwater city in which Cthulhu sleeps.
According to the materials: pikabu-ru.livejournal.com, wikipedia.org
Source:
It is a mysterious book written about 500 years ago by an unknown author, in an unknown language, using an unknown alphabet. Decipher the Voynich manuscript tried many times, but so far without any success. It has become the Holy Grail of cryptography, but it is not excluded that the manuscript is only a hoax, an incoherent set of characters.
The book is named after an American bookseller Wilfrid Voynich Lithuanian descent (her husband's famous writer Ethel Lilian Voynich, author of "The Gadfly"), which acquired it in 1912. Now it is kept in the Library of Rare Books Bayneke Yale University. The book is about 240 pages of vellum. On the cover there are no inscriptions or drawings. Page size - 15 by 23 cm, thickness of the book - less than 3 cm. Gaps in the numbering of pages (which, apparently, under the book itself) indicate that some pages had been lost at the time of acquiring books Wilfried Voynich. The text is written bird's feather, they also made illustrations. Illustrations crudely painted with colored inks may, after writing the book.
In the book, more than 170 000 characters, usually separated from each other by narrow spaces. Most signs are written with one or two simple movements of the pen. Alphabet of 20-30 letters manuscript can write all the lyrics. The exceptions are a few dozen special characters, each of which appears in the book 1-2 times.
Except for the final part of the book, all pages have pictures. According to him, the book several sections, different in style and content, "botanical", "astronomical", "biological", "cosmological constant", "pharmaceutical", retseptny. "
Experienced military interpreter, cryptographers, mathematicians, linguists could not decipher a single word. Some say that it is impossible to crack the code, you need a key to it. Others say that it's all a hoax.
2. The Antikythera Mechanism.
Antikythera mechanism - mechanical device found in 1900 on the sunken ancient ship near the Greek island of Antikythera. Dates from about the year 100 BC. e.
The mechanism comprises a large number of bronze gears in a wooden case, in which were placed dials with arrows, and was used for mathematical calculations, and the calculation of the motion of celestial bodies. Other devices of similar complexity known in the Hellenistic culture. It uses a differential gear, which, as previously thought, invented until the XVI century, and the level of miniaturization and complexity comparable to the mechanical clock of the XVIII century. Approximate dimensions of the mechanism assembly 33x18x10 cm.
Reconstruction of devices
The problem is that in a time when this mechanism is devised, the laws of gravity and motion of celestial bodies has not yet been opened. In other words, the Antikythera Mechanism has features that no ordinary people of the time would not understand, and no objectives that era (eg, navigation of ships) can not explain the unprecedented for the time functions and settings that has this device.
3.Beygongskie pipe.
In one of the areas of China in the top of the mountain there are three mysterious cave. Two of them are destroyed and inaccessible; average cave not yet collapsed and has dimensions of 2 meters wide by 8 meters high and 6 meters deep. Inside the cave is part of the pipe going from the mountain top to the end of the cave - it is about 40 cm in diameter. Another pipe of the same diameter of the bottom of the cave is somewhere below. During the opening of the cave was found in all 12 pipe diameters from 10 to 40 cm, which create a complex weave, indicating a high technology builders.
Approximately 80 meters from the caves is Lake Toson. On the near side of the lake to the cave there are several pipe length of about 40 meters and a diameter of 2 to 4, 5 centimeters. They have bizarre forms. The finest of them is shaped like toothpicks. Pipes there in the lake. Some of them stick out of the water, and some are at the bottom. Its characteristics are similar to those found on the beach near the lake.
Samples of the pipe material were taken for examination, which showed that about 8 percent of their composition can not be identified. Liu Shaolin, one of the engineers conducted the tests, said: "The result of the interaction of iron with a stone suggests that these pipes must be very, very old».
Who and what is put in the caves of these pipes, still remains a mystery. Some argue that this is the work of aliens, Cave - their shelter tubes - ventyalitsionnaya and sewerage system. Someone said that all a hoax.
4. Giant stone balls of Costa Rica.
Stone spheres of Costa Rica - prehistoric stone balls (petrosfery), not less than three hundred of which remained in the estuary Dikvis, Nicoya Peninsula and the island of Caño off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It made of gabbro, limestone or sandstone. Their sizes vary from an inch in diameter up to two meters; the largest weighing 16 tons.
The first balls were discovered in the 1930s. United Fruit Company workers in the clearing space for banana plantations. Mindful of the local beliefs that lurks inside the stone of gold, workers drilled them and pick up the pieces. Vandalism was stopped by the intervention of the company's management; daughter of the later wrote a monograph on petrosferah Costa Rica.
Traditional methods of stratigraphic dating of artifacts not very applicable stone balls that repeatedly move from place to place. According to the finds of ancient ceramics near the newly opened petrosfer they try to time to the different archaeological cultures of Central America. The dispersion in this case is dating from 200 BC. e. up to 1500 AD. e., that is, it covers almost the entire period of the pre-Columbian civilizations.
The purpose and circumstances of the creation of petrosfer also pose a puzzle for scientists. It can be assumed that these were the symbols of heavenly bodies or designate land borders between different tribes. More precisely, it could be judged, scientists bear full information about the places of their original placement.
5. The Baghdad Battery.
The Baghdad Battery - mysterious Mesopotamian artifact Parthian and Sasanian periods that followed William Koenig - Director of the National Museum of Iraq - is sometimes regarded as the antique galvanic cells, created 2,000 years before the birth of Alessandro Volta.
When archaeologists stumbled on the battery, it is suggested that this is an ordinary clay pot for storing oil, but this theory was soon eliminated as an artifact contained copper rod with traces of acid corrosion. The battery is filled with acid or alkali, could create an electrical current voltage of one volt.
The device may be used to apply gold plating on statuettes and other products. For example, at the Baghdad museum has silvered vases, dating from 2500 BC, silver in the vase was allegedly applied the electrolytic method.
6. The mysterious sound of the ocean depths.
In 1997, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has registered a strange sound in the ocean. A strange and loud. So loud that it caught two separate microphone at a distance of 3000 miles. According to official statements by NOAA, the sound source is unknown. The general character of the sound allows to suspect that he published a living creature, but a creature unknown to science. Judging by the sound of the distance traveled, the creature must have great size, is much more of a blue whale.
The sound you can listen to here.
If we discard the assumption of the existence of the Pacific species unknown to science giant creatures, remains two versions: either the sound of a large number of entities promoted at the same time or in the region briefly developed unique acoustic conditions will sverhdalёkoe sound propagation. As the most reliable and plausible, but has not officially confirm the version, the sound could be produced a large cluster of giant squid (by the way, the largest squid, caught the man weighed 450 kg, and its length was 10 meters).
It is interesting that the coordinates of the sound source are not far from the place where the writer HP Lovecraft have to Rleh underwater city in which Cthulhu sleeps.
According to the materials: pikabu-ru.livejournal.com, wikipedia.org
Source:
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