918
How do pencils
There will be many photos, please do not break, the end will tell
- Each of us from an early age, doing creative work, or at school lessons encountered such a subject like a pencil. Most people refer to it as something normal, as a simple and useful things. But few of us know how difficult the process of its production.
Incidentally, in the production of pencil passes through the 83 process steps used in its manufacture 107 kinds of raw materials and production cycle is 11 days. If all this is to look the part of an entire line of products, the drawn-established production complex with careful planning and control.
In order to see with their own eyes the process of production of pencils, we go to the Moscow factory Krasin. This is the oldest the pencil production in Russia. The factory was founded in 1926 with the support of the government.
The main task of the government was the elimination of illiteracy in the country and it was necessary to make the stationery available. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the factory Krasin remained the only manufacturer of pencils in the CIS with a full production cycle. This means that the factory produced everything - from the lead up to the final product - pencils. Let's take a closer look at the process of production of pencils.
For the production of pencils in a factory comes specially treated and laid planks of lime. But before they will be involved, it is necessary to make writing rods
Go to the shop manufacturing pencil rods. Writing rods are made from a mixture of clay and graphite. Preparation of the necessary mixture begins with just such technological installations, which produces grinding clay. Crushed clay is sent by conveyor to the next production site.
At the next station equipped with special mills, where the clay more finely milled and mixed with water.
Installations for preparation of a mixture of clay and graphite. Here the mixture for future rods gets rid of impurities and ready for further processing.
It should be noted that the production of handles are used only natural substances, which makes production environmentally friendly. Apparatus for compressing the mixture. From semi-finished products obtained receive rods. Waste from the production actually not, because they use them again.
This production site is already getting rods themselves, but that they were in pencil on them will be held a number of technological operations.
The technology is getting rods - like extrusion. Carefully prepared and blended mass is extruded through a special punch holes.
Thereafter, for writing the preform rods are placed in special containers.
Special containers
And dried in the oven for 16 hours.
After that, the rods carefully sorted manually.
It looks like a workplace for sorting rods. This is a very difficult and laborious work. For a table lamp sleeping cat.
After sorting the bars are baked in a special cabinet. The annealing temperature is from 800 to 1200 degrees centigrade, and directly affects the final properties of the rod. From pencil hardness depends on the temperature, which has 17 graduations - from 7H to 8B.
After annealing rods under particular pressure and temperature are filled with grease. It is necessary to give them the necessary writing properties: the intensity of the features, ease of sliding, sharpening quality, ease of erasing eraser. Depending on the desired hardness of the rod can be used: hydrogenated fat, confectionery fat or beeswax and carnauba wax.
Outputs manufacturing site bars.
After that, the rods fall assembly. Here on these machines are prepared tablets pencil. They are cut grooves for the installation of rods writing.
The cutting of the grooves in the machine grinds tablets.
Planks are automatically transferred into a clip here.
Thereafter, at another machine rods are stacked in a pre-prepared plates.
After laying the halves are glued together with white glue boards, and they are left to dry under pressure. The essence of this operation is that he is not glued to the core of boards. Its diameter is larger than the diameter of the groove, and to design withdrew - press needs. The bar will also keep the wood not at the expense of glue, but by interference with wooden shell (specially created in such a way prestressing design pencil).
After drying, the workpiece being cut with special cutters on individual pencils.
Pencils are cut gradually for several cycles.
The output is ready, but not colored pencils.
Already at this stage it lays the form of a stick due to the type of profile milling cutter.
Further on special lines passes priming the surface of a pencil. When painting pencils used enamel made at the plant. These enamels are made from safe for human components.
Line painting pencils.
I think that in the stores, we saw a lot of gift pens, painted with colorful patches. It turns out that they so paint is applied a whole specially developed technology. Here is a small fragment of their painting.
Visiting the paint shop I have seen the party pencils for delivery to the Government of the Russian Federation of the new sample. The tip of the pencil represents our state flag. Pencils in special drying technology framework. The regularity of the series looks very unusual and attracts.
After painting pencils placed in a batch to be sent to the following sections of the factory.
Watch for thousands of pencils, colored by proprietary technology plant, a great pleasure. This is a very unusual sight.
Then a special machine held the final mechanical operation - Processing ends.
The production line of surface finish.
Further, in a special machine to be marked with a pencil using a special punch which is applied to each pencil through the tape foil.
Storage cabinet stamps. Stamps stored here for the entire product range.
If necessary, before filling sharpen pencils on a special machine. The photograph displayed an intermediate stage of sharpening.
I was struck by the speed of the machine. Pencils fall into the sump continuous flow. Immediately reminded of all personal unsuccessful attempts to sharpen pencils. From these memories this machine began to inspire more respect.
The factory produces and that's such an interesting pencils oval used in the construction and repair.
Arrays stockpiled pencils look very unusual and attracting. This you will not see anywhere else.
Arrays stockpiled pencils look very unusual and attracting. This you will not see anywhere else.
In the area of packaging crayons sorted and packed by hand. Here, the special atmosphere. People work quietly and silently. Many employees have continuous service at the factory for more than 40 years.
The factory has its own equipped laboratory, which tested the products during the entire production cycle and practiced new production technologies. In the picture - a device for determining the resistance Amsler fracture writing rods.
Before leaving, I went into the room with display stands factory production. Logo factory causes some nostalgia. After all, these crayons are familiar to each of us from childhood.
The factory produces several product lines. Professional Series pencils for artists, decorators and designers.
Samples pencils supplied to the Russian government. For registration pencil drawing selected in the color of malachite standard desktop devices employees of the Russian government. But other than that, they have other differences from conventional pencils: firstly their form is adapted to the maximum ergonomically hands of an adult, and in addition they use a special rod-type "lyumograf" for taking notes in the margins and in the diary, it is not smeared hand but well eraser erased without damaging the paper.
Pencils for engineering drawing:
Original souvenir factory.
A visit to the factory was very enjoyable and informative. It was very interesting to see how much of the original technology and labor invested in manufacturing seems to be such a simple object like a pencil.
How do pencils
Posted in [mergetime] 1347342528 [/ mergetime]
I want to thank the main production technology Marina for help and clarification processes in manufacturing.
PS: I have everything, you can kick
Source:
- Each of us from an early age, doing creative work, or at school lessons encountered such a subject like a pencil. Most people refer to it as something normal, as a simple and useful things. But few of us know how difficult the process of its production.
Incidentally, in the production of pencil passes through the 83 process steps used in its manufacture 107 kinds of raw materials and production cycle is 11 days. If all this is to look the part of an entire line of products, the drawn-established production complex with careful planning and control.
In order to see with their own eyes the process of production of pencils, we go to the Moscow factory Krasin. This is the oldest the pencil production in Russia. The factory was founded in 1926 with the support of the government.
The main task of the government was the elimination of illiteracy in the country and it was necessary to make the stationery available. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the factory Krasin remained the only manufacturer of pencils in the CIS with a full production cycle. This means that the factory produced everything - from the lead up to the final product - pencils. Let's take a closer look at the process of production of pencils.
For the production of pencils in a factory comes specially treated and laid planks of lime. But before they will be involved, it is necessary to make writing rods
Go to the shop manufacturing pencil rods. Writing rods are made from a mixture of clay and graphite. Preparation of the necessary mixture begins with just such technological installations, which produces grinding clay. Crushed clay is sent by conveyor to the next production site.
At the next station equipped with special mills, where the clay more finely milled and mixed with water.
Installations for preparation of a mixture of clay and graphite. Here the mixture for future rods gets rid of impurities and ready for further processing.
It should be noted that the production of handles are used only natural substances, which makes production environmentally friendly. Apparatus for compressing the mixture. From semi-finished products obtained receive rods. Waste from the production actually not, because they use them again.
This production site is already getting rods themselves, but that they were in pencil on them will be held a number of technological operations.
The technology is getting rods - like extrusion. Carefully prepared and blended mass is extruded through a special punch holes.
Thereafter, for writing the preform rods are placed in special containers.
Special containers
And dried in the oven for 16 hours.
After that, the rods carefully sorted manually.
It looks like a workplace for sorting rods. This is a very difficult and laborious work. For a table lamp sleeping cat.
After sorting the bars are baked in a special cabinet. The annealing temperature is from 800 to 1200 degrees centigrade, and directly affects the final properties of the rod. From pencil hardness depends on the temperature, which has 17 graduations - from 7H to 8B.
After annealing rods under particular pressure and temperature are filled with grease. It is necessary to give them the necessary writing properties: the intensity of the features, ease of sliding, sharpening quality, ease of erasing eraser. Depending on the desired hardness of the rod can be used: hydrogenated fat, confectionery fat or beeswax and carnauba wax.
Outputs manufacturing site bars.
After that, the rods fall assembly. Here on these machines are prepared tablets pencil. They are cut grooves for the installation of rods writing.
The cutting of the grooves in the machine grinds tablets.
Planks are automatically transferred into a clip here.
Thereafter, at another machine rods are stacked in a pre-prepared plates.
After laying the halves are glued together with white glue boards, and they are left to dry under pressure. The essence of this operation is that he is not glued to the core of boards. Its diameter is larger than the diameter of the groove, and to design withdrew - press needs. The bar will also keep the wood not at the expense of glue, but by interference with wooden shell (specially created in such a way prestressing design pencil).
After drying, the workpiece being cut with special cutters on individual pencils.
Pencils are cut gradually for several cycles.
The output is ready, but not colored pencils.
Already at this stage it lays the form of a stick due to the type of profile milling cutter.
Further on special lines passes priming the surface of a pencil. When painting pencils used enamel made at the plant. These enamels are made from safe for human components.
Line painting pencils.
I think that in the stores, we saw a lot of gift pens, painted with colorful patches. It turns out that they so paint is applied a whole specially developed technology. Here is a small fragment of their painting.
Visiting the paint shop I have seen the party pencils for delivery to the Government of the Russian Federation of the new sample. The tip of the pencil represents our state flag. Pencils in special drying technology framework. The regularity of the series looks very unusual and attracts.
After painting pencils placed in a batch to be sent to the following sections of the factory.
Watch for thousands of pencils, colored by proprietary technology plant, a great pleasure. This is a very unusual sight.
Then a special machine held the final mechanical operation - Processing ends.
The production line of surface finish.
Further, in a special machine to be marked with a pencil using a special punch which is applied to each pencil through the tape foil.
Storage cabinet stamps. Stamps stored here for the entire product range.
If necessary, before filling sharpen pencils on a special machine. The photograph displayed an intermediate stage of sharpening.
I was struck by the speed of the machine. Pencils fall into the sump continuous flow. Immediately reminded of all personal unsuccessful attempts to sharpen pencils. From these memories this machine began to inspire more respect.
The factory produces and that's such an interesting pencils oval used in the construction and repair.
Arrays stockpiled pencils look very unusual and attracting. This you will not see anywhere else.
Arrays stockpiled pencils look very unusual and attracting. This you will not see anywhere else.
In the area of packaging crayons sorted and packed by hand. Here, the special atmosphere. People work quietly and silently. Many employees have continuous service at the factory for more than 40 years.
The factory has its own equipped laboratory, which tested the products during the entire production cycle and practiced new production technologies. In the picture - a device for determining the resistance Amsler fracture writing rods.
Before leaving, I went into the room with display stands factory production. Logo factory causes some nostalgia. After all, these crayons are familiar to each of us from childhood.
The factory produces several product lines. Professional Series pencils for artists, decorators and designers.
Samples pencils supplied to the Russian government. For registration pencil drawing selected in the color of malachite standard desktop devices employees of the Russian government. But other than that, they have other differences from conventional pencils: firstly their form is adapted to the maximum ergonomically hands of an adult, and in addition they use a special rod-type "lyumograf" for taking notes in the margins and in the diary, it is not smeared hand but well eraser erased without damaging the paper.
Pencils for engineering drawing:
Original souvenir factory.
A visit to the factory was very enjoyable and informative. It was very interesting to see how much of the original technology and labor invested in manufacturing seems to be such a simple object like a pencil.
How do pencils
Posted in [mergetime] 1347342528 [/ mergetime]
I want to thank the main production technology Marina for help and clarification processes in manufacturing.
PS: I have everything, you can kick
Source: