Why there are surges and how to protect themselves from them Bashny.Net

Power surges is one of the most common problems faced by residents of apartments or private homes in the process of operating devices. The term surge implies, are usually momentary or pulsed changes in the voltage values as upward and downward. Depending on the causes of the surges can have different frequency, amplitude and total duration.

In any case, this phenomenon is abnormal and becomes the question of how dangerous it is for household appliances and household wiring and how to troubleshoot the possible consequences of this phenomenon. In this article we consider in detail the question of why there are surges and how to protect themselves from them.

First of all, it should be noted that each household appliance is designed for normal operation under the condition of power supply from the mains at a voltage, not above or below the specified manufacturer limits. In the event of power surges in the electrical network can manifest the visible signs of disruption of the appliance, significantly reduces their lifespan, and if it surges strong, then they can immediately damage the electrical appliances, particularly those most vulnerable to voltage drops.

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Causes of power surges and appropriate ways to solve these problems

If in everyday life there is a problem of power surges, it is first necessary to determine the cause of this phenomenon and, if possible, eliminate it.

To begin, consider the most common cause of power surges, low — quality electricity. A lot of electric networks in our time, is in poor technical condition and require modernization or complete replacement.

Deterioration of electrical equipment, the performance characteristics of various electrical materials generally lead to unstable electrical network, in particular the occurrence of power surges.

Not excluded a situation when the equipment is in good condition, but it is operated in an abnormal mode or banal mistakes in the process of installation or maintenance of a piece of equipment of the electrical network. All this can also cause surges.

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If power surges happen all the time, to solve this problem, you must submit a relevant application to the organization with which the contract on electricity supply because of poor electricity supply is a breach of contract on the part of the electricity supplier.

If the problem is in the grid, respectively, then the problem of power surges affect all residents eating from this phase electrical network. In this case, a collective statement contributes to a more rapid solution to the problem, rather than a single statement.

We should also mention about voltage due to violation of the integrity of the neutral wire on the power lines. If the neutral wire on some portion of the transmission line has a weak intermittent contact, then consumers will experience voltage drops, the value of which depends on the difference in the load on the phases.

In this case, you must contact the organization that conducts the operation of these electrical networks for search and elimination of malfunction. In the absence of proper protection of electrical wiring it is better to disconnect from the network, because at any moment there may be an open neutral conductor in the network will be either too high or too low voltage, depending on the load of a particular phase.

For people in the private sector and houses located near the garage cooperatives the actual problem of voltage drops because of operation of the other consumers of electrical appliances, which have a significant impact on the electrical network. As a rule, it is a powerful welding machines, various motors, characterized by large inrush currents. In the process of operation of these appliances in the network may experience large surges. To solve this problem, you must also contact the supplying organization.

In addition to the external factors that cause power surges may not be satisfying the condition of home wiring. Voltage surges in this case can occur for different reasons.

The most common fault in home wiring is to weaken the contact connection of the conductors to the junction box, junction box or directly on the connection to the outlet, switch or lighting device. The reason may be an internal fault protective devices installed in the home distribution panel.

In that case, if the reason for power surges is faulty home wiring, it is necessary to conduct an audit of all electrical wiring - check the contact connections throughout the wiring, the condition of protective devices and other elements.

If you cannot find visible defects, then it is possible that the cause of the power surges can be the fracture of the core. This issue is relevant, generally, to electrical wiring, padded wire (cable) with aluminium conductors. Very often there is a fracture lived after replacing various elements in the wiring, that is directly at the connection of the various elements. The wire may be anywhere in the area of the wiring, so easier and faster to find the cliff with the help of special devices to search for hidden wiring, with the appropriate function, for example, the woodpecker.

If there is a suspicion that there is a malfunction in the flap account, in this case, you must contact the energy organization, as unauthorized opening of the shield accounting entails a large fine. In this case, the need to formally produce the removal of a seal and after the fault re-seal of the metering device.

If the voltage swings are not fixed around the house, but only the characteristic features of abnormal operation of one of the appliances or the lighting device, it indicates a malfunction of these elements.

In this case, you must ensure that the reason for the unstable operation of the appliance or lamp do not associated with faulty wiring or poor quality electrical supply and disconnect the faulty appliance from the mains.

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Protection from power surges

The power surges in the home can be small and transient, it is also possible that at the moment one of the above causes of power surges has been successfully addressed, but it does not guarantee that changes won't occur again.

Power surges can be at any moment is not a predictable phenomenon, and once they may be minor while other times they can damage home appliances. In order to avoid negative consequences it is necessary to provide protection of wiring from power surges.

To protect your home wiring from power surges using special voltage relay modular type, that is installed in the home a junction box with other protective devices. Relay voltage set limits minimum and maximum voltages and the time of relay operation.

This protective device is mounted on the input distribution panel and in case of undesirable voltage spikes the relay is completely de-energizes the electrical wiring, thus protecting the appliance from damage.

If voltage surges in the network occur often enough, the constant switch voltage and therefore the full breakdown of home wiring brings considerable inconvenience. If this issue not resolved appeal to the supplying organization, the solution to this problem is to install a voltage stabilizer.

The voltage regulator performs a filtering of the input voltage and the output to power appliances gives out a stable voltage is the specified value. But do not assume that the regulator is able to cope with any surges. A voltage regulator, like any electrical device, can work normally only in a given range of voltage. Therefore, in addition to this device must be installed voltage relay or to choose this type of regulator in which this feature is provided.

The voltage regulator can be installed on all the load on the input wiring, specifically on each appliance or group of appliances. For example, to protect the computer equipment is possible to use a small voltage regulator corresponding to the power or uninterruptible power supply with the function of voltage stabilization.

 

Lightning surge protection

We should also highlight the phenomenon of lightning surge. If to protect from internal surges that occur in electrical networks, it is sufficient to set the voltage relay, in case of external lightning surges, the protective device will not protect the home wiring. In the event of a lightning strike in the wire transmission lines would be damaged not only the voltage relay, and home wiring, as well as operated at the time of household electrical appliances.

To protect against lightning surges on overhead power lines must be installed arresters or voltage limiters are nonlinear (ARF). But actually, on most lines, either the protective device or installed an insufficient number, which suggests that the protection against lightning overvoltages is missing. So you need to protect your home wiring from the negative effects.

To do this in the main distribution panel to enter the home wiring, you must install the modular surge protector. This protective device has the same principle works with the full-sized SNPS that are installed on overhead power lines, only it has a compact size that allows you to install it on a DIN rail along with other modular protective devices.

With the installation of the modular surge protector be aware that it will work only in case if the home wiring has a working ground. published  

 

P. S. And remember, only by changing their consumption — together we change the world! ©

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