Space, Radiation, Tattoos: Women Change History and modernity Bashny.Net

The twentieth century is often referred to as female age - a time when the lady finally emerged from backstage, where timidly looked at the course of history, and began to manifest itself in areas once considered traditionally masculine. And what - at the cost of enormous effort the ladies managed to assert themselves, and some have become famous and even change the history and the way in which many things

. We remembered some bright representatives of the fair half of mankind, "created a sensation" in the last century and dramatically influenced the new time.

< Amelia Earhart

The legendary American aviatrix 1930 was born in the state of Kansas. Childhood Amelia held in the house of his grandfather - a very wealthy and influential lawyer. Luxury life in ideal conditions, prim maid in a starched shirt and sugary playing sophisticated lady who constantly impose grandfather, irritated and frightened girl.

In 10 years (in the yard was in 1907-th) Amelia for the first time in my life I saw an airplane. Scary, but extremely curious metal hulk was seriously interested in her. The next meeting with flying "machines" took place 13 years later in Los Angeles on a flight show. Poglazov enough to excrete clumsy pirouettes airplanes, she decided to get to know them and signed up for a panoramic flight with an instructor. After landing, the pilot Amelia said that she wanted to learn to fly, as he looked around his passenger from head to toe, laughing. She was offended and even rude boor.





A few days later, Amelia found a private instructor, and after two years of study broke the record for the height of women pilots, soaring to 4200 meters. The next big step was the flight across the Atlantic, together with the pilot Wilmer Stultz and flight engineer Lou Gordon. However, this company did not bring pleasure pilots

«I just drove like a sack of potatoes" -. Said the reporters later Amelia

. It is possible that this collective frustration journey Woman pushed in 1932 to cross the Atlantic alone. It is this flight and Earhart brought worldwide fame.

In 1937, Amelia Earhart went missing during a round the world trip, sponsored by Purdue University.

< Valentina Tereshkova

The first woman in the history of the world, went alone into space, this year celebrated 78 years. But the flight of "The Seagull" - this call was Valentina Tereshkova - could not have taken place. In addition to her for this role claimed a thousand with a small women from all over Russia. However, a girl from a tiny village in the Yaroslavl region - Valentina was born in the family tractor and weavers - failed to pass the preliminary selection. It is suitable for the physical parameters and also from his youth fond of parachuting. As a result, the girl hit the short-list of five people.





At the final selection stage, doctors advised not to dwell on the candidacy of Tereshkova and encouraged other girls, for example, the master of sports on parachute jumps Irina Solovyova. However, the choice finally fell on Valentine. And the impact on the management of the solution, according to one version, the origin of women: of the people, simple and direct

.



Space flight Tereshkova made June 16, 1963. It lasted almost three days.

< Margaret Hamilton

What do you think, who is this pretty girl?





That Margaret Hamilton - leading engineer and head of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which, in particular, has developed software for the manned flight program «Apollo»

.



Margaret was born in 1936 and his childhood was fond of exact sciences. This interest and defined its future profession - she readily admitted to Earlham College, and after - the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Due to extraordinary abilities Margaret was able to achieve great results in the field of programming and software for space projects.

< Maria Sklodowska-Curie

After graduating from high school in Warsaw, the future Nobel Prize winner Marie Curie lit dream to connect his life to science. However, once done this it failed. Firstly, there was no money, and secondly, to continue his studies was not easy, because at the time (early 1890) in the Russian Empire for higher scientific education of women treated without much enthusiasm.





After several years as a governess and having saved some money, Marie went to Paris, where he enrolled at the Sorbonne and began to study physics and chemistry. To complete the formation of the girl in many ways helped sister Bronislava - it is encouraged to take the doctor and Mary allocated money. The study Sklodowska succeeded - became the best student, and later - the first at the Sorbonne female teacher. In 1895, Maria marries Pierre Curie, who became its scientific partner.

The main achievements of the female scientist became the discovery of radium and polonium, as well as the formulation of the theory of radioactivity. During his life, Sklodowska-Curie was twice (at the time the first time in history) awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry and physics. Maria died in 1934 from leukemia, triggered by long-term work with radium.

< Elisa Zamfirescu

Romanian Elisa Zamfirescu was born in 1887. Because of gender bias from school she was not accepted to study at the University of road in Bucharest. In 1909, Elisa made her and entered. Not in Romania, but in Berlin - in the Royal Academy of Technology, which he successfully graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1912

.



Elisa Zamfirescu went down in history as one of the first women in the world who have mastered the profession of engineer. Subsequently, she went to work at the Geological Institute in Romania, where he worked as an assistant. After the war took part in field expeditions, during which discovered several new methods of analysis and use of minerals.

< Rosa Parks

Do not give way to the "white man" in a bus in the US in the mid-1950s, when racial segregation blossomed magnificent color for African American was something out of the ordinary. However, it did December 1, 1955 42-year-old seamstress Rosa Parks.





While in some states, including Alabama, where she lived a woman, was a law, according to which blacks were obliged to give way to white passengers. As a result, Rose, who at that time was one of the main activists of the movement for racial equality, was arrested. This sparked a wave of mass protests among the Negro population of the state. A year later, the authorities were forced to make concessions. In 1956, the US Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public transport -. A direct violation of the Constitution

Katherine Shvittser

One of the oldest and most prestigious marathon races in the world of the Boston Marathon annually attracts more than 20,000 participants. Women were not allowed - Until 1972, only men could participate in the event. It is not known how many lasted this prohibition, if any, Catherine Shvittser.

In 1967, as a student, she registered to participate in the marathon under the name KV Shvittser. Unsuspecting organizers (it's name could belong to and the man too), have made it to the list. When the marathon started, the audience and the participants saw the men in the ranks of Catherine in a tracksuit and the number on the sweatshirt.





There was no laughing confused. Organizers and participants of the marathon, some demanded that the woman handed over the room and left the track. But Catherine refused and continued to run.





Then the participants of the race tried to take away the power of the girl, but Catherine insisted on her, and the opponents were forced to retreat. Subsequently, this confrontation pictures on the Boston Marathon spread all over the world - they have published hundreds of media. In 1972, Catherine Shvittser with other runners managed to convince the Boston Athletic Association officially allow women to participate in the marathon.

< Gabrielle Chanel

Better known as Coco, French Gabriel not only gave the ladies a fitted jacket and little black dress, but without exaggeration turned view of the world of fashion and how should dress and look like a woman. It happened in 1910, when Gabriel opened in Paris its first store with hats, later developed into the most influential in the fashion house with a worldwide reputation.





The owner of the tiny shop was not afraid to speak out against big-name fashion designers men refuel while in the fashion industry. For example, Gabriel openly stated that its annoying abundance of lush color and dresses from Paul Poiret - the influential Parisian designer of the XX century. The outcome of this protest was the birth of the "little black dress" Chanel later turned into a kind of symbol of refined minimalism.

< Maud Wagner

And this woman is credited with popularizing the history of body jewelry with the help of artistic tattoos. Meet American tsirkachka, acrobat and trapeze artist Maud Wagner.





Maud was born in 1877 in a small town in Kansas. As a little girl, Wagner came to the circus, and a few years later began performing on stage as an acrobat and gymnast. During a tour in early 1900 Maud met with a man who radically changed her life. It was a tattoo master Gus Wagner - husband of the girl. Subsequently tsirkachka became his main model and student. And after a while - the first US female tattoo artist, to acquaint society with such a rare occurrence for that time. That she is credited with popularizing this art in the New World.

< Malala Yousafzai

This girl was born in the sunset of the XX century and was famous already in the new millennium. Malala Yousafzai just 18, but about it already knows the whole world, because it is - the youngest Nobel laureate ever

.



She became famous thanks to the human rights activities in Pakistan. For several years, Malala campaigned for access to education for Pakistani women. In autumn 2012 Woman seriously injured militants of the terrorist movement Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, dissatisfied with the activities of the schoolgirl. Discharged from the hospital, Malala continued to defend the rights of women, for that later in 2014 was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Pakistani human rights activist became the youngest winner of the prestigious award for all time.



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