Nobel Prize for 2014 was awarded in Stockholm and Oslo Bashny.Net

The day began in Oslo, where, according to the will of the founder of the awards the Nobel Peace Prize will be awarded in the middle of the day 17-year-old human rights activist Malala Yousafzai Pakistani and 60th Indian activist Kailash Satyarthi. The Norwegian Nobel Committee said their special and invaluable role in the fight against the exploitation of children and their right to education.
Nobel continue day in Stockholm, where the evening will be a ceremony awarding laureates in medicine or physiology, physics, chemistry, literature and economics.
Nobel Prize for Literature went to France this year - its owner became famous in the country writer Patrick Modiano (1945).





Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to three researchers - working in London American Briton John O 'Cephas and researchers from Norway - a husband and wife May-Britt (1963) and Edward Moser (1962). Researchers have positioning system, which can be compared with the cord embedded in GPS, helping to orient in space. The work of scientists have shown how nerve cells of the brain perform complex intellectual process, and build on human space in your brain, which is of great importance for the understanding of many diseases.
The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2014 was awarded Isamu Akasaki (Japan, 1929), Hiroshi Amano (Japan, 1960) and Shuji Nakamura (USA, 1954). This year's laureates will receive the award "for his invention of new energy efficient and environmentally friendly source of light - blue light-emitting diode (LED)". The invention of scientists - effective alternatives to conventional light bulbs us. Awarded to offer humanity the invention, due to which people will be able to "forget" the old light bulbs, which dominated the entire 20th century, and move on to new and more effective.



The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2014 is awarded "for the development of fluorescence microscopy super high resolution" scientist Eric Bettsigu (1960, USA), Stephen Hull (1962, Germany) and William Morneru (1953, USA). Scientists have strongly increased the possibilities of the microscope, and if before using older microscopes researchers could see just, for example, bacteria, but now they can see their internal structure. Pioneering scientists is that light microscopy, they rise to the level nanoizmereny. Due to the fact that today is called nanoscopy, scientists can visualize the path of single molecules inside living cells, allowing you to see the behavior of, for example, proteins in diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's.
Prize in Economics, established in memory of Alfred Nobel Swedish State Bank, awarded for the analysis of market power and control of the French economist Jean Tirole (1953) from the University of Toulouse. The most important thing in his scientific work of the members of the Nobel Committee considered an analysis of how to understand and manage those market sectors that are represented only by a few large companies.
Many industries are often represented by a small number of large corporations that occupy a dominant position in a particular market. This may result in price increases, non-market for new and more productive companies. The answer to the question "how to prevent it?" And "how to regulate the formation of monopolies?" Jean Tirole engaged since the mid 80-ies of the last century, and the result of his analysis was a series of scientific articles and books containing general provisions, which the authorities can use to In order to affect large corporations, send them to a more productive direction and not allow them to have caused harm to competitors and consumers.



Alfred Nobel bequeathed to the late 19th century, only five awards - for physiology or medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. Prize in Economics was established later - in 1968, for a cash consideration award winner meets Swedish State Bank.
This is in contrast to the laureate in economics from the other Nobel prizes and ends. The amount of the Nobel Prize in each category was in 2014 that 8 million Swedish kronor ($ 1 million).
Since 1901 - when she was awarded the first prize, it awarded a total of 567 times 889 laureates.
The ceremony honoring the winners of this year attended the King of Norway Harald V and his wife Queen Sonja, members of the Norwegian government and parliament, foreign visitors, diplomats, representatives of public organizations, family members, friends and relatives of the awardees.



However, this year's ceremony was not without surprises: during the award on stage ran an unknown man with the flag of Mexico in his hands. According to police, the young man, is a Mexican student, there was an invitation to the ceremony, he came to Norway in November and asked for asylum yesterday, Tuesday. Weapons of the student was not - only flag and the camera.