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PPC. Chain. Restricted area. Concrete slabs along the road draw a gloomy gray buildings line. Security stares at our car, but it does not block the way ... Here, for the very good barriers raised foxes in the world.

- He began the experiment with foxes Academician Belyaev. He made sure to build those cages in which we are going, - says the candidate of biological sciences, and our guide Anton Sivkov. - Belyaev outlined scientific approach that will transform a wild fox in the home. For the experiment, we selected one hundred most friendly females and males and thirty, and after they have started to cross a certain way, become kinder to animals.

"So fifty years in a closed economy brought a unique breed of fox that experience warm feelings for the man."





When the experiment was conceived in Soviet times, it satisfies a purely scientific interests. Today, in the era of welcoming the interest of the capitalist, at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences created a company that sells hand-foxes.



- We got a ready-to-sell product. Perhaps foolish not to exploit the commercial potential of such a long experiment - recognized Anton, head of the company. - Since January, foxes are sold into private hands. The economy can grow them to four hundred a year.

Price question - fifty thousand rubles. Applications to date more than a hundred and five foxes have bushy tails pleased the new owners.

According to Anton Sivkova, animals are now in the first place need socialization. The fact that the fox is in unit cell conditions and do not see a large number of people.



If sotsializator will be built, the scientists have developed a technique fox training, and their pets learn to dwell in an apartment.

But the question buries in additional funding - of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, is not enough. So while Fox can only live in cages, to which institution has specific requirements: 7-8 square meters on two floors in height.



- There we are animal lovers, who was wounded in the chest and said that they will do all the conditions for the foxes in the apartment. But in fact, nothing was done and we had to say goodbye to them, - says Anton.

To feed the furry crowd, the farm has a kitchen where they cook special meat with useful additions. At home, you can feed the fox, as a normal dog. Only here from normal dogs, especially aggressive, pet should protect - amplified gene goodness still in the genotype - to fight the fox is not. The courtship and there is one more feature: foxes are very sensitive to heat. Thick fur saves them in the most severe frosts, but at high temperatures the fox overheat and suffer, but because in the aviary is necessary to create a shadow. More specific conditions for the fox is not required vaccination care manufacturers.



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Humanists and aggressors

- Here Nastya - Anton points to a serious woman.

Senior researcher laboratory of evolutionary genetics Anastasia V. Kharlamov ten years studying the foxes.

- When this selection began, 50 years ago, that those methods of what genetics is now working more did not exist - says Anastasia. - Even foreign scientists say Dmitry K. Belyaev, as if he could have foreseen that in half a century methods reach this level, and you can look very subtle behavioral mechanisms. In other words, it is ahead of time created a model that is now used in molecular genetic studies. But foxes genome yet - throws up his hands Anastasia - individual pieces and deciphered the genetic map is.



Come to the first cell with the foxes. Around - a suspicious silence, and more than a hundred eyes followed us with a look, if we do something seriously hurt.

My first thought: "If you think of home, what then is the wild?»
We quickly calm:

- This is the aggressor, especially grown. They have strengthened the sense of fear of humans, so they react to you. They have specially numbered to avoid confusion with hand - those with nicknames. These and can bite.



And the truth is, if you stand at the cage, the fox begins to rush from side to side and try to bite you through the bars. And next to the aggressors lone fox sits on a cage that says "Ebba". So hand. What is she doing here?

- They have this "love" or "dislike" to the man lies at the genetic level, so that they can not influence each other. And the aggressors have much less, the whole compartment is not enough - had podselyat.



Finally, Asking the most important question: how had the idea of ​​breeding foxes?

- Many scientists, starting with Darwin yet, think why there was such a variety of domestic animals. Any wild ancestor of any pet - for example, the wolf, the ancestor of the dog - less volatile than the kind of home that was obtained from it. They differ in color, coat texture, sizes vary greatly, and wild species - uniformly.



Scientists have wondered: what is the source of diversity among domestic animals? Belyaev speculated that this genes that control behavior.

Selection it destabilizes all the other systems of the body, that is, they have a regulatory effect. To check this, Belyaev had the idea to hold a historic domestication (domestication - approx. Siburbia), which would be limited in time, and the selection was conducted would be stricter in order to speed up this process to life of one human generation.



Fox was not chosen by chance: it was necessary to test a huge number of animals, and there were many in fur farms. The selection was very hard - to choose the most tolerant person. As a result of this selection have been identified the genes responsible for such behavior.



Democracy instead of sable

We come into the bay to hand foxes. What begins to happen here! Everyone is trying to make sure that we pay attention to it - they knock on the bowl, urchat, wag their tails, trying to lick his hand.

- And hand foxes have a sense of attachment to the person?

- They have a desire to communicate with the person, and with anyone. It turns out, they have a sense of "the eternal longing" for the man laid at the genetic level. In friendly and aggressive care is absolutely the same - an employee of the morning came, fed, cleaned and left. They have no attachment to any particular person. But later they become accustomed to his master. And now they are happy to claim.



Our attention is attracted by a fox with a sign "Democracy." In the cell, it looks like it's too much symbolic.
- We've got both purebred dogs - the name of the cub should begin on the first letter of the name of the mother. So we just do not have one - and Tsiklopediya and Ararat, and peroxide, and this is democracy. We have all the dictionaries and encyclopedias break inventing them nicknames.
- A favorite of employees have? Each of them is at a certain compartment or they change?

- For each worker his department secured, foxes get used to them, even aggressive, kind of know. And try not to get yourself pets.



"We have a woman, she is already retired, but continues to work. And so it goes, talking foxes, as human beings: praises, asks how they are doing ».
Fox named Peroxide - white with black spots like a Dalmatian and a black stripe along the spine (color "gruzinochka") - trusting rubs his hand and tries to bite in earnest, did not hurt.

- But the fox at the zoo is not very aggressive - this is not your doing?

- We gave there as a young, young naturalists in the area. Like foxes it was tame, and, perhaps, because of the change of the situation began to behave aggressively - they were returned, only one left. Then they very small - month lisёnka have said they themselves will grow as they should.



When you look at these tame animals, it is not clear why so few people buy them. Owners of houses that could create the necessary conditions for the foxes, the country seems to be missing. Price is quite acceptable - like a purebred dog or cat.

There are, of course, the traditional reason: that in the Siberian city bred tame foxes, better known abroad than in Russia.



- We were even a few years ago came to Discovery, made a film about our animals - says Anton - it is easy to find on the Internet can be. But abroad his problems with the purchase of foxes. Home - the laws. In Europe there are several countries in which it is impossible to bring the foxes, in some US states you can keep these animals at home, but not in all. A special difficulties with transportation there - everything is with dogs. They tolerate a plane, train worse, of course.

"This is an interesting idea in principle - no one of these things. Generally good, to the fox it was the emblem of the NSO. "



It seems that now the fox can really claim to be the symbol of the Novosibirsk region, displacing indifferent to humanity sables. You only need a competent PR and tools. But neither the provincial nor the city administration, unfortunately, did not respond to the foxes. A red, gray and speckled friendly animals yearn for a man waiting for the hosts.



Last photo.



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